South Place Chapel & Institute, Finsbury, E.C. Object of the Society.
" The object of the Society is the cultivation of a rational religious sentiment, the study of ethical principles, and the promotion of human welfare, in harmony with advancing knowledge.' ,
JULY, ~902_
The followillg DISCOURSES will be delivered on SlIlIday 1IIol7lillgS, Service beRillltillg at 17.15.
July 6th .-J O H N M. ROBERTSO N. A th I r. u 1-1a5t thou wandt.:rcd in the forest?" (Rose Maiden) .. ,
H I No. 33· "Tbere is a song now singing" (0. B. 170.)
Cowtn., M. V. IVhite.
ymns No. II:1. 11 There's a strife we all must wage 11 (0. B. 469.) July 13th .-JOHN A. HOBSON, M.A. -" England's Spilitual Outlook in the
New Century." Anthems )1. 11 Sweet day, so cool, so calm. so bright !I (No. 21)
2. 11 In native.: worth and honour clad ., (Creation) '0'
H n I No. 70. "Morning brea~eth on tbee" (0. B. 356.)
Flower. HQ)'d"
Y ms No. 206. "Though wandedng in a stranger land (0. B. 102.) July 2oth.-HE R BERT BURROWS.-"The White Christ and the Great God
Pan .'1 A th s I" "One by one the sands are flowing" (No. 26.)
n em 2." r will extol Thee, 0 Lord" (Eli) ... ...
) No . •. "There's life abroad! " CO. B. n.)
SUas. Cos/a.
Hymns No. 1.1 "Ob! I would 5ing a SODI: of praise" (0. B. 80) July 27th.-WM. SAL TER (o f Chicago).-" William Morris; or an Artist's View
of Humanity and Society. 't Anthems )" "Thou earth" ... ... ... .. .
2. ,t God is not dumb" (No. 2zH) ,.. ". JNo. t25. 11 \Yhy repine wet why despair'
Hymns lNo. 91. "The beast it bath its own estate" (0. B. SOl)
Sp,hr. Schllb,,'I.
S U N D AY S CH OOL . The Children meet in the CHAPEL every SUlloay morning, at ILlS, and their lesson is
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July 6th. J. HAILAM. •. The Parable of lllt! !hower,1I " 13th . 'V. VAIUAl'It .•• My Son"s friend I Ge:orge \Vashington.'1I " 20th. H. CRossFtFLn. H The Greamess of Little Things." " 27th. A. R";rss . .. Living London 11 '.continued).
Visitols IIIcty lalle lIny ::'ectts vacant ajter tilt jhsl Anthem, lInd they tIre //Ivi/elt 10 oblaill ill/onllaliOIl 1'cgarding the Society in the Libl'llry on SundllY lIIomillgs.
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SOUTH PLACE MAGAZINE . No. 10. Vol. VII. JULY, 1902.
• d. Monthly. 2&. Od. par annum, post tree.
(The writers of 11 rticlcs appcarillg ill this Magazillc al'c alolle rlspollsible for he opiniolls therein expl·essed.
EXPERIMENTS IN PROPHECY: H. G. WELLS'S "ANTICIPATIONS."
A Lectltre Delwered at SOltth Place, on SUllday, Apl'il 13th, 1902~ By HERBERT BURROWS.
[The Readings were taken from Benjamin Kidd's "Principles of Western Civilisation" and H. G. Wells's" Discovery of the Future."]:
11. Now in " Anticipations" the scientific idea has full scope, an
I am bound to say (and to this I will return later) that it somewhat unduly colours many of Mr. Wells's predictions o£ the future. Characteristically enough, he begins the book with a forecast of the locomotion of the 20th century, and discusses most things except flying. True, the chapter is a good lead to the next-It The Probable Diffusion of Great Cities ", but I cannot help thinking that in the not very distant future, certainly by the year 2000, which is Mr_ Wells's goal, people will not think 0 much about locomotion as they do now. I don't mean that the world or mankind are likely to. remain stationary as oyster, but if certain ethical forces which I think I can ee slowly beginning to forge ahead are going to be of any avail, their result will necessarily be a yery much simpler and quieter mode of life, both outer and inner. Our whole modern system of society is based upon rush and hurry, noise and turmoil. I believe mankind will one day get tired of aJl this. One of thIT Socialist pleas for a complete social change is the necessity for a cleaner, healthier, saner, soberer life. We rush about now trying to get the better of other people, becaus.e we believe that if we do not they will get the better of us. They, in their turn, think the same, and so none of us are ever still. I believe that as years roll on a good many people will make up their minds not to wait for rest till they are in their graves, but to get it while alive. Once people generally appreciate that there will be less thought about swift locomotion and more thought about that portion of the universe which we shall be able to see around us, when once our souls are liberated from the thraldom of work for the sake of getting rather than work for the sake of being. I think, too, that will in itself tend to the diffusion of our la.rge centres of population. They are only kept together now by the stress and strain of modern life-
with all its complex cares and needs. Nine-tenths of these are purely artificial, and when men have become saner these artificialities will drop away like the husk from the kernel.
This in brief is the point of view I should take up if I wished, which I do> not, to place myself in violent opposition to Mr. Wells's book. That, of course, is not my object. I only want to give you the best sketch I can of its thought. I shouJct say generally that while in the forthcoming chapters of man's progress material things are likely to play a very large part, yet neither they nor the prings of human action with which they are supposed to be inseparably connected wiII be everything-that other forces and other accompaniments of human life will probably be just as actively at work-that certain great mental and moral generalisations will most likely have an equally powerful effect in shaping man's future destiny, as those which have their root in the purely scientific or material side of existence. Mr. Wells, for instance, draws a very aJIuring picture of the blending of the advantages of town and country when the diffusion of population shall have taken place, but he says that then to receive the daily paper a few hours late, to wait a day or so for goods one has ordered, will be the extreme measure of rusticity, save in a few remote islands and inaccessible places. But it is quite conceivable that in a hundred years or so even the loss of the daily paper for a few hours may be a blessing rather than a curse, and that men and women may be so mentally developed that they can occasionally bear with equanimity the opportunity of reading that best of all newspapers, their own natures, and their own minds. If the present rush of life is to continue, as Mr. Wells seems to hint, they will eagerly embrace such an opportunity.
But all this is of cour e but prelimi~ary in Mr. Wells's eyes to what he calls the development of SOCial elements. Here he is undoubtedly right from his own standpoint. Given a certain set of social surroundings and certain new social elements and new social groupings are almost sure to follow. So if the society of the future i to devote itself exclusively to what I would call the outside of life certain of these groupings or divisions are inevitable. In the opening words of this eClion he says ;_
"The mere differences in thickness of popUlation and facility of movement that have been discussed thus far, will involve consequences remarkab.le e'~ough, upon the fades of the 'social body; but there are certam still broader features of the ocial order of the co~ing time, less ' intimately related to transit, that it will be convelllent to discuss at this stage. They are essentially outcomes of the enormous development of mechanism which has been the cardi.nal feature of the 19th century: for this. development, by aJtenng the method ann proportions of almost all human undertakings, has altered absolutely the grouping and character of th :groups of human beings engaged upon th m."
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Here he is yery largely right. The Socialists are always complaining that the tendency of the machine industry of modem existence is to alter all social relations, including family life, and io make masses of men and women slaves of the machines, rather than masters of them. That whereas machines should rightly be labour-saving, they are really nothing of the sort when looked at generally and in relation to the whole social organism, and the .cry has arisen, and is gathering strength, with regard to machines as with regard to trusts-that instead of the machines owning men, men should own the machines, and in turn make them the slaves to human leisure and human enjoyment. And this by the collective commercial idea slowly making its way from the moral and ethical, as equally from the physical standpoint-the idea that the real life to be striven for is not selfish individualism but collective mutualism-the mutualism whose real roots lie in the inner man and not in the outer husk: But of this idea I find little or no trace in "Anticipations". For these new social elements Mr. Wells dra.ws this picture of the generalised civilised community of A.D. 2000. " For that emergent community," he says, "wherever it may be, it seems. reasonable to anticipate, replacing and enormously larger and more important than the classes of common workmen and mechani s of to-day, a large fairly homogeneou body-big men and little men, indeed, but with no dividing lines-of more or less expert mechanics and engineers, with. a certain common minimum of education an 1 intelligence, and probably a common class consc iousness-a new body, a new force, in the world's history."
Now r confess that 'to me that is not an alluring idea. 1 don't want the world of the future' to be one huge workshop. And that 'is what this would almost ine,·itably result in. Mr. Wells po,ints out quite truly how this would affect and react on other bodies of men and society at large, and it seems to me that the very worst thing po. sible would happen-society would fall into a machine groove, and into a marked division of classes;, worse than what obtains at present. J would advise tho e of you who have not read this book, " Anticipatiolls", to read it side by side with Mr. Wells's former work that J have already mentioned, "When t.he Sleeper Wakes ", for in that you will see a ghastly picture of what a machine world would really mean. And so far as 1 can see, in " Anticipations" there is no real safeguard against this. From the Socialist. standpoint the socialisalion of the material means of life and the vesting of their ownership and control in the community at large, would guard the commonwealth agajnst the exploitation of large masses of men and women by individuals, companies, trusts, syndicates, and the like. But of this Mr. Wells seems to' take no llccount. In his new society, the shareholder plays an exceedingly important part-almost all important. "In most cases," Mc. Wells says, "whenever there is something that both want, one against the 'other, the shareholder will get it; in mo t cases, where it is a
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matter of calling thc tune, the shareholder will call the tune. Practically, the shareholder will buy up almost all the available(architectural) talent." Now that is a forecast not of good, but of evil. Given such a calling of the tune and the instruments played on will almost surely be human degradation and moral debasement. It is class division of the worst kind, because one class will be· practically parasitic on the other. I believe that in any society short of a true communal one this is, in a more or less degree, an inevitable result, and the real progress of mankind will be marked, not by an advance towards, but by receding from it. In Mr. Wells's new system I see no safeguard against it. On the contrary he frankly recognises other thing which will be an almost inevitable accompaniment of all this. peaking of "Certain Social Reactions" he says:-
It It is foolish, in view of all these things, not to anticipate and prepare for a state of things when not only will moral standards be shifting and uncertain, admitting of physiologically sound menages of very variable status, but al 0 when vice and depravity, in every form that is not absolutely penal, will be practised in every grade of magnificence and condoned. This means that not only will status cease to be simple and become complex and varied, but that outside the system of lIlcnages now recognised, and under the disguise of which all other mCllages shelter, there will be a vast drifting and unstable population grouped in almost every conceivable form of relation. The world of Georgian England was a world of Homes; the worlel of the coming time will still have its Homes, its real Mothers, the custodians of the human succe ion, and its cared-for children, th inheritors of the future, but in addition to this Home world, frothing tumultuously o\·er ancl amidst these stable rocks, there will be an enormous c mplex uf establishments, and hotels, and sterile hou eholds, and flats, and all the elaborate furnishing and appliance of a luxuriou extinction . . . . . Allhough there will be a general convention upon which the most diver e people will meet, it will only be with persons who have come to identical or similar conclusions in the matler of mural conduct, and who are li\ing in similar menages, ju t as now it is only with people whose conversation implies a certain community or kin_ ship of religious belief, that really frequent and intimate intercourse will go on. In other word., there will be a proce. s of moral segregation set up. People will be drawn together into little group of similar 11IC1zagcs having much in common. There will be districts that will be clearly recogni ed and marked as 'nice', fast regions, areas of ramshackle J30hemianism, regions of earnest and a~tive work, ?Id-fashioned corners and Hill-Tops. Whole regions WJll be set aSJd.e for. the purp ses. of opulent enjoyment-a thing already happenll1g, JI1cleecl, at pOJl1ls along the Riviera lo-day." And then Mr. Wells draws a mosl unlikely picture of the happine s and contentment of the~e "segregation. "-unlikely, becau e the-
1.-1-9
whole h.istory of the world proves that in segregation of classes 'there is not o,nly no real social bond, but the very strongest of disintegrating ocial forces. The moral and physical downfall of Rome arose out of just such a state of things as Mr. Wells 'fore ast .
It will ea ily be imagined that in a world society, omposed of such elements as all the foregoing, there will be no such thing as universal peace-the parliament of man. And so war is provided for, and the nation which will ome to the front here is the nation which will wage war scientifically. " The nation that produces in the near future the largest proportional development of educated and intelligent engineer and ;tgriculturists, f doctors, schoolma.~ter., professional soldiers, and intellectually active people of all sorts: the nation that most resolutely picks over, educates, sterilises, exports, or poisons its People of the Abyss .... will certainly be oth a. cendant or dominant nation before the year 2000." But this 'will eventually work it elf out into what Mr. Wells calls the Larger Synthesi. -:1. synthetic co-operation or re-construction within the boc1ie. of the English-speaking states, after there has been a conflict of Janguag s leading up to it. I have already said Lhat the rest of <the world may have omething to say to this. J beli ve it will be much more than a century before one race dominates Western ~ivilisation, and then that race may not even be a Western one in the strict. ense of the word. There is one huge factor looming in the far distance, of which men must perforce one day ta.ke account: 'the Russian Empire, which every year adds millions to its popula{ion, ancl which, like a grim frozen entry, keeps wat h and ward 'Over the gates between Europe and Asia. No man living can foresee what part Russia is going to play on the future stage f the world, and it is useless even to think of it now. But it is more than pos ible fhat within a century the centre of the world's gravity may have shifted eastwarrl, and that the ountless milli ns of India,
f China, and Japan, will have their say as to who shall be the 1 ading players in the great world drama. And Africa and Mohamm dani m will not stand ielly by. Of all this Mr. Wells says: " And for those warms of black, and brown, and lirty white, :and yellow people, who do not come into the new needs of ff'tciency? W 11, the world is a world, not a charitable institution, and I take it they will have to go. The whole tenor and meaning of the "world, as I ee it, is that they have to go. So far as they fail to develop sane, vigorous, and distinctive personalities for the great world of the future, it is their portion to die out and disappear." But suppose they refuse to go? The Roman Empire pr bably said 'the same about toe barbarians. True, they went at last, but the Roman Empire went with them. You may say that was because the Empire did not contain within itself those elements of strength which could maKe effective resi tance. Exactly, and that is the 'whole question. I am by no means satisfied that in spite of the
exceeding cleverness of Mr. 'Veils's book it contains the element of strength on which the coming world-wide state shall be truly built. But let me do Mr. Wells justice. I do not imply for a moment that he actually wiillCS for all he pictures. He has taken ertain tendencies in our present society which he see at work,
and drawn what he believes to be inevitable deductions. In a note I lately receive<l from Mr. Wells, he says that he has
no tabloids of "Go pel" ready for popular consumption. He thinks he has worked his way to a fairly solid and consistent and comprehensive view of things in general, upon which one might hope to build a scheme of action for a certain type of person, at any rate, to replace the opportunism of current life. He is largely of the way of thinking expanded in chapter LX of "Anticipati ns". And so in justice to him, I quote the concluding sentences of that chapter ;-
"The world has a greater purpose than happiness j our li\'es are to serve God's purpose, and that purpose aims not at man as an end, but works through him to greater i ues .... . Thi , I believe, will be the distinctive quality of the ew Republican's belief. And, for that reason, I have not even speculated whether he will hold any belief in human immortality or no. He will certainly not believe there is any post mortcm late of rewards and punishments because of his faith in the sanity of God, and I do not see h w he will trace any reaction between this world and whate\'er world there may be of disembodied lives. Active :lI1d capable men of all forms of religious profession to-day tend in practice Lo di regard
" the question of immortality altogether. So, t0' a greater degree, will the kinetic men of the coming time. We may find that i ue. interesting enough when we turn over the leaf, but at pre ent \Ye have not turned over the leaf. On thi side, in this life, the relevancy of things points not in the slightest towards the immortality of our egotisms, but coO\'ergently and oyerpoweringly to the future of our race, to that spacious future, of which these weak, ambitious Anticipations are, as it were, the dim reflection seen in a shallow and troubled pool. For that future these men will live. and die."
Is that enough? Is the whole theory of "Anticipations" a basis broad enough on which to build the real society of the future? I do not know what Mr. Wells mean by saying that ur liye are to serve God's purpose, and that purpose aims not at man as an end, but works through him to greater i ues. If the world has a ~urpose greater than happine~, 0 long as that happine s is legitImate, I know not what it i . I know not how Gorl, if there be a God, works in this world (especially if there be no speculations about human immortality) through man to greater issues than man, nor what those issues are, nor how any issues at all can be consider,ed from Mr. Wells's standpoint, except they work in, through,. by, and for man. If he means individual man there is no greater
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issue than the dev lopment of the life of the individual man or woman, so long as it is recognised that such true development can only come through the true development of the collective life of humanity at large. And here, as it seems lO me, is where Mr. Wells really breaks down. The collective humanity which he anticipates is collective only from the outside. In it I see no trace of abiding moral purpose-not a scintilla of that law of sacrifice which should be the one grain of salt in all human effort. In his system the weak are crushed, and the strongest survive, not because they are morally the best, but because they have been strong enough, consciously, and purposely, to dominate the weaker. I say nothing now of the omission of the religious or ethical side of life except to affirm that, as I read human nature, such omission undermines the foundations ' of the whole ~tructure. E\'ery utopia that has really held the human mi!1o ha~ contained this element, imperfectly it may be, but still present, anu to it the human heart has responded, for it was an echo of its own need, its own aspiration. What the society of the future may be in its entirety I know not, and no man can say. But this at least we know, that whil men are men, and women are women, and children are children, there will be in it in its every stage one indispensable element-the element of human love. As far as the mind can reach nr the soul can soar, we shaU ever picture this love at work, for then as e\'er it will be the saving grace of mankind. While the eye of the lover flashes love to hjs mistress-while the husband clasps wife in tend~r embrace-while the mother buries in her bosom the sunny head of her little one-while the child nestles in its father's breast -while friends clasp hands and comrade stand heart to heart, there i hope for humanity an 1 a certain joy for humanity's future. And when these loves have widened out into the larger circle, not merely of the suffering and the weak, but also of the strong, who, aft.er all, are human also, the nationS! of the future shall build on this foundation a sure and abiding temple for the lives and the hearts of men.
OF DRAMATIC LITERATURE.
THE pre ence of a dramatic section in our Library must be my only plea for these notes. There is, I am aware, a large portion of the public who doubt the existence of dramatic literature. Even the busy Playgoers, a club who e social qualities arc only equalled by their entire suppression of the subject, and their constant care for the busybodies of the stage, by implication ignores the possibility, preferring to 51 cnd its strenuous evenings in discussing questions as momentous as c'The Pitfalls of the Limelight Man ", or "The Pleasures of the St:lge M:lnager". AHd, by the irony of circum tance, the Press itself is compelled to publish tbe latest photograph of Miss Evangeline Terrance in her Panhard voiturette. With the practical unimportance of these thing I do not quarrel. One mu t be humble in these days of the apotheosis of the obvious. My purpose is really to remind the
1vIagazine readers that such a thing as dramatic literature exists, and to -point out to those tired of the inanities of successive Gaiety girl, the lasting peace to be obtained in the field of dramatic literature. It is .Qne of those international anomalie that England possesses no profes-or of this art, whilst America has several, one of whom (Brander Matthews) the Royal Institution has just had the honour of harbouring. It is not that she herself is barren of taient in this direction, but she is .so hopeles-ely con ervative that whoever professes anything upon the
ubject must at least be distingui hed by his contempt of i~, just as in the old days (and even yet provincially) the task of dramatic criticism fall to the most junio!" member of the staff, who shares with that his <laily duties as Police Court reporter.
The fir t que tion that may arise in view of the varied specimens ·con tantly before us is the primary one, "What is drama?" Kipling, in one of his ballads, speaking of the primitive bards who settled their metric disputes by th more effective method of slaying each other, ·ends lli poem with the sardonic distich;-
" There are seven-aod-sixty ways of constructiog triballays, A lid e1Jery single one of them is right."
But this cannot be said of drama. And the reader must accept drama 'and dramatic literature as synonymous terms. Broadly peaking, drama must be regarded a a literary composition representing a ]Jicture of human life, in which the characters are accommodated to action. With that definition we reach the approximate.
In a busy life, to thinking sentient beings who have not the necessary leisure to trace a passion through the pages of a novel. here in drama they may gaze upon a imulacrum to real life, the quick imagination, as in the impressionist's picture, filling up the gap usually devoted to the morbid analy is of the psychologist.
Nowhere in literature do we encounter so often the spectacle of the gradual development of an author's m ind, as in the work of the dramatist. Example after example might be cited, pas ing with easy step through the line of the Elizabetllan poet, culminating in the genius of Shak pere, and ending with tlle modern Maeterlinck. With all the highest problems in this world an attempt at solution has been made through the medium of the drama. To the author this art has appealed as a final one. The pia ticity by which characters can be moulded and take upon themselves the living image of man cannot be equalled by any other art. In the ecret fastnesses of their souls, and face to face with the eternal problem, here ready to hand is a method of representing the internecine struggle in the only ati fying medium of vraisemblance. The man comes close up with his subject and grapples it with both hands. ]n the proportion of hi genius so is the measure of his ucce s. ometime it happen as in the ca e of D'Annunzio he brings out a tudy of man that is "exact as any -cience, yet visionary a any dream.' Those of u who have read Pater's" Marius the Epicurean " have tasted of those" white nig-hts" in a man' life. And a a dramatic artist, his horizon should be lJoundle s as Polonius hi programme, set forth to the players.
With many other que tion ri es that of the problem play. I believe there is a large school of critic who think this form should ha\'e 110 existence. Their argument is that of Schopenhauer, "He that ]lath no Heaven-gate to open, let him keep the Hell-gate shut." This is to de cend to the policy of the ostrich, whose head, being buried jn the sand, and being a silly bird at best, imagines she has evaded
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her pursuers. If onc lived in a slum, by painting his windows a ro -e-red hue it would be pos ible to persuade himself that misery did not exist. That, however, must be conceded as the condition of the weaker minded. There is a happiness which is the result of ignorance, ju t a there is a joy which is the fruit of sorrow. And the two cannOl claim kinship. A tbe greater light shows the deeper darkness, o the continual menace of the happy-minded but ignorant serves but
to accentuate the sorrows of the afflicted. Nothing tends so much to sanity and wholenes of vision :1S the contemplat ion of both the joyful and orrowful s ide of nature. By the contemplation of these is the mean of perfect judgment attained.
Someone ha said if you would know the story of a nation read the hi tory of its great men. \Vith equal \Vi dom one mig-ht say, if you would know the manners of each period, you must study the plays of that period, the end and aim of di'amatic att being as 'twere to hold the mirror up to n ature. It must always remain matter for wonder ,hat the tudent of hi tory has oeldom .wailed himself of the wide field of re earch lying ready to lland.
There i a school which says a man's art should bear the stamp of hi s whole being. "Cultivate your own character," said Lessing to hi brother Karl , " without that I cannot conceive a good dramatic
.author. " Nowhere in dramatic hi story do we meet with a better example of thi s than in tbe ca e of 1 b en. The development of Ibsen's geniu may be traced through hi plays, commencing with his colourle "The Festival at Sotlhaug " in blank verse: "Brand ", an experiment in philo opby: the tantalising- ,. Peer Gynt" with hi anarchi tic intellectual whims : the lofty ,C Emperor and Galilean ". Then the rapid change to cynici m in "The League of Youth ": his entrance into the broader knowledge of 1 ife in " The Lady of the Sea ", always worthy for its intensely natur:11 Lynstrand. His picture of hypocrisy in" The Pillars of Society ". Later his woman's rights play, the ironical' Doll's House :'; the intense and momentous " Ghosts ", his " Hedda GabbIer ", and the return to allegory in " The Master Builder ".
With ~Iaeterlinck we have a different view of life. In c, PelJeas and l\Ieli :1nde", "Les Aveugle ", "Interior", and "Tintagiles", onc is drawn back into the pirit of Greek tragedy. Fate, mystic as ever it will be looms before us , :llld the dramatis perso1UE move like unquiet hadows toward the doom they can never avert. The mind of the spectator is overwhelmed with that reverential awe born of foreboding. an awe which he can neither avoid nor understand. But within the past year Maeterlinck, still grappling with the eternal problem, becomes more human in hi method , and his late t play, " :\10nna Vanna .. approaches life from a different tandpoint.
It might be well if we could read the Hauptmann :1nd Sudermann play. 111 Germ:1ny the theatre is taken seriously. It i usually under municipal control, and the director i a man of cultured instincts, who ha usually been cho en for his di . tinction in literary criticism. The work of the dramati ts mentioned has been devoted to the depiction of contemporary life. It would be impossible in the space available to attempt any resullle of their work. Hauptmann's "Weavers ", recently performed on YIay Day, will perhaps be familiar to some of u ~. "Lonely Lives" portr:1Ys the tragedy of a man, the loneliness of whose sou l i encompassed by the thought that he h:1 s married a woman posses -ing no intellectual equality or sympathy in her nature. And thi s is all the more emph:1sised by the arrival of a lady friend to whom John Vorkerat's oul goes out in utter abandon , the cnd of
which is inevitable disa tCL SudermanD IS best known in England by his" Magda ". He may be regarded as the woman's dramatist. All hi heroines are indiyidualists fighting thc hide-bound laws of conventionality.
These arc a few out of many European dramatists who could be mentioned, and whose work it would be well to possess. Our chief de ire should be to gather a collection thc examples in which would be as eclectic as possible, and contain within their limits the c1as ic of the European drama. Mr. Sydney Grundy, 1r. Pinero, and l\1r. H. A. J ones, have gifted u copics of their work. So, too, has John Oliver Hobbe. Her "Amba sador" and" Wisdom of the Vilise" are too recent for comment; but are worth reading for such epigrams as, "If women thought le s of thcir own souls and more about men·s. tempcr , marriage wouldn't bc what it i." Mr. Clifford has contributed "The Likeness of the Night ", which on hope will become a classic, jf only for the quiet ten e tragedy of that mcmorable sccond act, the conflict between the two women, the mistre s loved and the unloved wife. In the poignancy of it one cau almost ee the woman's heart breaking before u , and wc fecI the deepe t tragedy is " that she loves him".
Here also we have our samples of that didactic dramatic satlCl t, :-1r. George Bernard Shaw, with his strangely unequal plays. It is difficult to know wh ich to admire most, the hecr audacity of a dramatist u ing the figurc of that sterling egoi t, Napoleon, to gi~'e utterance to :-1r. Shaw's ::ttire on himself; or the uperb technique of that Victoria Park drama, "Candida ". But, after all, it j only when :-1r. Shaw i least imper onal that he is most characteristic.
If I remember rightly, the canons of French dramatic art would neycr permit a dramatist for ubject the doings of person other than tho e of high rank . Germany, during the pa t twenty ycars, has hllen far from grace in thi respect. We in England only meet working people in our melodramas, and tben they are too sentimentally silly or too wicked to be human. Is it not, then, possible for Pett Ridge, among t others, to depict the 1 ife of the co ter in drama a easily a he ha done through the medium of the nO\'el? The more one examine life it will be di -covered that the deepest tragedies are' those which happen in m iddle class life: the deeper becau e they are ilent ones. To many of us will occur incidents in the lives of people
in this clas. For example, what tragedy could be more painful than that of a man who has sacrificed hi all to develop the latent genius which he, parent-like, imagined resided in his on; the exploitation of this talent, and the di cover)' of it mediocrity . The father's disappearance and sub equent 10 of mental powers: the son's unfiliaL treatment of the father and con tant blame for his condition. l\1atters like that make up tragedy whi'ch is being enacted day by day. That i the drama which will ometimes hew the failure of success, and the uccess of failure.
It is of the Library, however, that I de ire to speak. :\1any volumes are till wanting. There are the works of that" nest of singing bird ", Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, Vlebster, Tourneur, and John Ford, of whom Swinburne says that he has borrowed nothing from Shakspere, and tands apart from the other Elizabethans as r. one of the loftier landmarks of Engli ' h poetry." And upwards from the e are a ho t of others, the enumeration of which would only add to our sense of poverty in this regard. ROllu LAwSON.
I55
THE EDUCATION BILL.
A Pl'BLIC meeting was held at South Place on June 17th to enter a protest against the Education Bill now before Parliament, Three features of the Bill were selected as being entirely unacceptable to the members of the Ethical Societies, The first i the contemplated destruction of the School Boards, with its result of taking education out of popular control, while throwing upon the people the task of providing the means. Th next defect of the Bill discussed was the injustice and unwisdom of excluding women from exerci ing their legitimate influence upon education; and the final objection wa to the attempt in the Bill to throw back education into the hands of the clergy. The whole of these questions are of the deepest interest to member of our Society, and the I;:een interest shown by the audience in the development of the attack on the Bill, the hearty manner in wh ich the speeches were received, and the deci ive way in which the votes were cast, showed plainly tbat the members of Ethical Societies have formed some convictions on thi important subject,
~Ir. H<;rbert Burrows presided with skill and impartiality, asking for amendments to each re olution. He also, in the course of a short :tn~l racy speech, gave some sound practical advice as to the way in which each onc of the audience might help on the movement agamst the Bill. The following were the re olutions pa ed:-
1.-" That this meeting stron~ly condemns the Education Bill now before Pnrliament, believing lt to be a direct attack on popular control of national education." :Moved by :'I1r. Graham 'Vallas, ' econded by Dr. Stanton Coit. .
:2.-" That this meeting, believing the presence and work of women on Education Boards to be v::tlU:lble :lnci e sential, strongly protests !1gainst the excl usion of women repre entatives from any y tem of n!1tional education." "loyed by :'Irs. Ruth Homan, :'1.L.S.B., econded by M1'. W. J. Reynold .
3· - " That this meeting, believing the only sati factory settlement of the present religious difficulty in our State schools to be the elimination of all theological teaching, aod the substitution of moral instruction, apart from every form of theology, calls upon all supporters of ecular education to cia their utmost toward making this the law of the land." Moved by ::'Ill'. J. A. Hobson, seconded by ~Ir. J . .\lcCabe.
The two first were carriedllCIII. COll., the third with one di - eotient.
CORRESPON DENCE.
To THE EDITOR.
Sir,-There are some rea on , which I hope you will permit me to gi,'e, why I cannot accept ns adequate your defence of the "Notes and Comments" in the May number.
Taking the paragraphs as a whole, they thww ridicule upon modern methods of preventing disease, and upon the facts of nature, which have suggested those method, that is, upon the science of bacteriology.
For ex;)mple, we were told that the idea of letters conveying disease was" non en e," and" a hanging of conjecture on conjecture, actually upposed to be ' science'," without" the faintest attempt at verifica-
156
tion." Now thi particular suppo ItlOIl i only a special case of the theory that dirt, by mean of the bacteria in it, has the power of conveying disease to us; a proposition not only upported by our every-day experience, but one of the most clearly demonstrated in the whole range of modern . cience, and one. therefore, which cannot with any -degree of reason be called a "fl imsy conjecture" or " gue s."
As to the alleged <. melodramatic a\;)rms and excursions," and "periodical scare ," I cannot admit that the mere mention of the possible ways in which di ea e may be conveyed, in a journal intended only for a special cia s of readers, merits such a description, nor can J agree that we have ever been " bidden by medical journal to cower in terror before change for a shilling, or our necessary correspon-dence."
If anyone is 0 cownrdly as to be scared by a better knowledge of tbe way in which di ease is propagated, they do not merit our ympathy. Ignorance about illne s is a poor sub titute for its preven
tion. Again. I do not agree that social life would" come to a deadlock" by taking precatItions against infection, even going so far a ab taining from putting letter on our breakfast-plates; and we should not forget that at time it may be wi e to adopt a cour e that is unneces ary under ordinary circumstance.
For example, during an epidemic of enteric fever at ~.raid tone, a clergyman wa strongly advised to give up his habit of drinking unboiled water; the whole water upply of the town being infected. Unfortunately, he received the advice in the pirit of the writer of the paragraph I critici ed, with the result that be lost hi life. Commonsen e combined with knowledge hould determine what precautions it is worth taking.
Again , death would ineYitably follow some of the major operations Qf surgery , wbich are now done with comparative safety, if they were performed without the most careful attention to all the tedious processe of terili ation, and dis infection, which a I under tand it were l1eld up to ridicule in the SOUTH PLACE MAGAZINE. Such operations never were and neyer could be carried out before tbe days of antiseptic.
As to diphtheria anti-toxin, J should not advocate its use if J thought it involved cruelty in any ordinary ense of the word, but, unle I am mi informed , th e amount of suffering involved in producing the uppl)" required by the whole world would not compare for a moment with that inflicted in the game preserves of a s ingle Engli sh Slate, with all it horrible and unnece sary hooting and trapping.
The actual serum that is injected for diphtheria does not contain bacteria, and I therefore hold that it is as incorrect to peak of its use a an inoculation of disease, a it would be to call an injection of alcohol an inoculation of the yea t plant because the alcohol had been produced through it agency.
Certainly 1 do not contend that its use i universally apprO\'ed of; if it were so it would probably be a unique event in the history of the world, as there are alway some, even among those who hould be be t qualified to judge, who cannot receive new idea Tycho Brahe was a most em inent a tronomer, but he never accepted the di coveries of Copernicu .
La tly, as you do not accept my statement that the contamination -of some serum in the U.S.A. wa clue to gross carelessne s, may I add that the court of inquiry appointed found that " the poisonous character of the serum was known to Dr. Ravoid ," but he failed to cau e it to
157
be destroyed; and "that owing to this inexcusable negligence the· poisonou serum wa.s in part bottled and is ued." Al 0 .c the recommendation is that Dr. Ravoid be discharged from the servIce of the Health Department. "-Lancet, April 5th, 1902, p. 996.-Yours faIth-fully, C. E . S.
If our correspondent means by c'modern methods of preventing. disease" the whole body of sanitary sc ience in its broad sense of including better methods of life, then we defy him to pick out a word from these pages that throws ridicule upon perhaps the most serviceable gift of sCIence to humanity. But what has that to do with the letter scare? If" C. E. S." means seriously to defend that, he has got to do something more than enunciate general tlleories that .• dirt may convey disease by means of the bacteria in it." To jump down from that to the proposition that we may be disea ed by our cOlTespondence, without any of .the minor propositions necessary to connect the two being establi hed, or apparently even thought of, is certainly a method of reasoning that will not commend itself to the logician. The following are ~ few of tbe que tions that seem to require working out;- .
I. Are letters transmitted through the post" dirty" in either the popular or the scientific sense?
2. If we assume them to be so, in what way is it supposed that the contamination comes about?
3· Assuming that to be accepted and satisfactorily accounted for, what bacteria does the dirt contain, are they pathogenic, and when, where, and by whom were these discovered?
4· Has any per on at any time actually suffered damage from the incautiou reception of letters, and If not, how are such univeral e~capes to be explained?
On this last point a clear case or two would supply the much needed verification. It is, perhap , not worth while to labour this matter any further, or it might be a ked in continuation, what is the remedy for the" appalling" state of things? ?lIust we in titute a sulphurous letterbox, a sort of vitriol chamber on a mall cale, out of which we can extract our missives safe and malodorous? And, fin'ally, if we are asked to be appalled at something, and are appalled, is it quite fair to tigmatise as cowardice the very feel ing that was expected of us?
But turning the thoughts into a more serious channel, if a hygienic crusade i to be attempted, there are one or two directions in which it might profitably turn before meddling with our letters. Putting aside the condition of the slum as hopele for the present con ider the state of some of the railway stations' or, to focus ideas, con ider the state of Fnrringdon treet Station in particular. \Vater never seems to be used for detergent purposes. In the exit passage, a channel i scuffled bare in the centre, but at the ides a hipwright' adze would now be required to hack off the black accumulations of years. Or, to take another aspect of railway t!'aveJling: doe the practice of thrusting ,e\enteen persons into a compartment appear more or le~s likely to injure the health of those per ons than handling letters incautiously? In short, can we not when eeking excellent end u h as sanitary reform, do a little les of the straining at gnats and wallowing camels?
Referring to the anti-toxin ancl the treatment of the horse its preparation involves, it does not seem that the reference to blood sports at all helps the matter. The_e are lIrvival of the primitil'e age when men hunted from necessity, and a lthough they will probably la tome time, the moral sense and humanity of our race will, it is to be hoped,
I58
eventually extingui h them. But the poor horse has a very seriou and just complaint against us. 'liTe make him bear the burdens OUI
feeble frames find too hard. He doe it so willingly that we could almost credit him with a sense of duty. 'liTe then, with base ingratitude, thrust him into the devilment of battle, where l1e is starved, maimed, torn, and driven to death, because we again want his help and have not the wit and gentleness to settle our quarrels in other than wild bea t fashion. And as if thi - were not injustice enough, we have in these latter clays turned his body into a drug factory, and teal his life blood to heal the di eases our clumsy overcrowding 15rings
about_ 'Tis well our equine slave is dumb, or we might hear something not much to our advantage. - ED.
NOTES AND COMMENT
ow that pro-Beers and their opponents in lhi counlry are [or once- in accord in welcoming the term.ination of a war strangely obscure in its origins and terribly protracted in its conduct, it seems likely that the average Briton-politically shortsighted and regardless of any but gross and obvious issues as he i by nature-will lose all interest in the South African question, if indeed be recognise its continued existence. Yet it is difficult to avoid asking: What of the harvest of this war? Will the immediate heritage of these long month of violence and pillage be, indeed, as the optimist of the Press wOUlld have u believe, an era of smiling peace and content? It is as hard to belie\-e as that thistles hould put forth figs . There is a ense in which it may be srud tbat the real problem of South Africa, needing all the statecraft and wi dom the nation posse es, is but now beginning.
Incidentally, it is curious to note the illogical credulity of some of the Beer leaclers in matters religious. Their uccesses in the earlier phases of the war they interpreted, evidently with profound conviction, as conclusiYe proof tnat the God of battles espoused th ir cau e. Jow that, in the long event, Providence ha shown i1.. elf once more (in Napoleon's ynical phrase), on the !>icle of the biggest battalions, th y as earnestly proclaim that It is God's will tbat the Boer armies should suffer ultimate defeaL, ;me1 that lheir national exi tence should cease_ Yet the logical lilemma involved is surely of the simplesL Either tlle deepest "spiritual cOl1virLion "-those unanswerable argUll'l1enLs for the discomfiture of the Freethinker-are who,lIy unreliable and objectively valueless, or th J mmutable has suffered change_
The fixed belief of many Iri . h peasants that Charles Slewarl Pamell will yet return to give their land its independence is a curious modern. instance 0'£ lbe reluctance of a race to acquiesce in the final disappearance of it. national hero_ One of the London newspapers lately compiled an interesting list of more or less . imilar traditions. In the West Country the belief still lingers that Arthur will one day awake from his enchanted sleep in AvaJon,
159
to deliver England from her foe . Germany has a. like legend re pecting Charles V, rustic France await the return of Tapol eOl1 , . ervia still looks for alvation to King Lager, and Swi s folklore proclaims that at the advent of a tyrant the three Tells who sleep a.t Rutili will rise from their lumber to overthrow him, Moslems Jirmly believe in the ultimate a.wakening of Mohammed Mohadi j
a Moorish legend promises the return of that Bobadil el Chico whom Ferdinand drove from Spain [our centuries ago j and among Hindus it i widely accepted that at the tenth avatar or reincarnation of Kri hna-an event which by the calendar is almost dUlethe independence of India will be re! tored . Strangely enough, no mention was made in this li t of the most striking of all such traditions-that j , the second coming of Jesus .and his reign amid his . ain! . .
We learn that Mes rs .. onnen chein are is uing a pocket edition of Dr. tan ton Coil's anthology of ethical scriptures, published .ome years ago under the 'title, IT The Mes age of Man". In this work Dr. Coit has brought together a number of what he regards as U the best utteraJ1CeS concerning the moral life of man ".
l\r 0 TIC E S,
Ramblers' N ot es.- CHEL. EA Ho. PITAL.-Chelsea Hospital and grounds have an air of spaciou ne s which is in itselJl a charm, but, when to this we add the rich red brickwork of the buildings, the green of the foliage, the Thames as a foreground, and an expanse of evening sky, we have one of the finest town capes in the Metropolis. Perhaps .' uch another view is to be obtained on a spring morning from tlle centre upper window of Ken ington Palace looking E. acro s the Round Pond down the radiating avenues of limes, elms, and chestnuts towards the great but invisible town. Particulars as to the comparatively recent foundation of Chelsea Hospital are obscure. It is not possible to definitely apportion the credit between Nell Gwynne, King Charles n, and Sir Stephen Fox. Nel!' claims rest upon tradition and the existence of a neighbouring tavern sign. The King certainly laid the foundation ston and contributed fund, at the same time pocketing the endowment of the COllegiate establishment which previously occupied the ite. Sir Stephen Fox seems to have purchased the ground for its pre ent purpose, and (( had the whole managing" (E\'elyn's Diary). '''ren's buildings cost £150,000, and are dignified, well-proportioned, but plain. The Hall and Chapel. are omewhat elaborated, and are enriched with colours captured dunng the Napoleonic wars. It was in the Hall that the remains of 'Vellington lay in state amidst a galaxy of lighted wax tapers, silver candelabra, and other funeral trappings ' uch as have not been seen in Engl<lncl ince. In the state rooms <Ire several royal portraits, and in the grC!unds various monuments, including one of Charles II by Grinling GIbbons. .
A Ra.mble in Holla.nd.-J\lembers and frIends of the South Place Ethical Society who wish to join this ramble, which will take place in the beginning of August, should kindly commynicate with m,e. 'J?he r:1mble will last eight days, and the expenses wIll be £5 each, mcludlDg travel , second class on board and by rail, lodging, board, and fees,
r60
The following places will be visited: Amsterdam (the capital), Haarlem and environs, Zaandam, Leyden. the Hague, Scheveningen (a watering place), and Rotterdam.-J. \ \T. WEGKAMP, 45 Gibson Square, .
Lendilg Library. - The Librarians have pleasure in ack nowledging the following additions:-
Mr. E. T . Cook has kindly presented a copy of hi s work on the " Rights and Wrong-s of the Tran~vaal \Var» (G 10). 1\1r. eil Munro five works of fiction: ., The Lo t Pibroch " (K I I) j " The Shoe of Fortune " (K 11); "Gil ian the Dreamer" (K 1I ); " Doom Castle" (K ll) ; "John Splendid" (K 11).
The following gifts have been received from members a nd friends: From Miss :\1. Betham-Edward , "Elements d'une Psychologie Politique du Peuple Americain" (C I), by Emile Boutmy, and' Chine Ancienne et Nouvelle» (C I), by G. vVeuler e. From Mrs. C. Fletcher Smith, ., Facts and Comment "(D 9), by Herbert Spencer j "To-morrow" (G 9), by E. Howard, and "La Belle France" (H 1\), by Bessie Belloc-Parkcs. From Miss Brisled, "Napoleon's Expedition to Russ ia " (H 3), 2 vols., by Count Philip de Segur, and the " Life of Ciccro" (J 10), by Conyers Middleton. From 1\Ir. John Aldred, " Constructive Ethics" (D 3), by W. L. Courtney. From P. H. Hood, "The Weavers: A Drama of the Forties» (F 6), by Gerhart Hauptmann. From Mr. T . Errington, a copy of " The Pathfinder", vol iv., (B 3). From Mr . Skellorn, " Dreamer - of the Ghetto ., (K (1 ), by r. Zangwill, and "Thirteen Storie ., (K r I), by Cunninghame-Graham. From Mrs. J. Nelson, "The New Party " (G 10), by H. !'If. Hyndman; and received anonymously, "Some Problem of Religion and .\10rals" (D 3) by Arthur Collis; and Profe sor Leonard H uxley has kindly promised to present a copy of the new edition of hi work on the Life and L tters of hi father, when published.
The Committee gladly acknowledge the receipt of £15 6s. lid., being the proceed handed over by the organi ers of the 1902 Art and Book Sale, together with the following work - : " Resc ued Es ays of Thomas Carlyle" (L 2), edited by Percy Newbery; " Mansfield Park " (K 11), by Jane Austen; "Steven on' Samoa" (H 8), by Marie Fraser' "And the World Saith " (K 11), by Leda Law.
The Committee have allotted a portion of the proceeds of the Book Sale for the purchase of further works, which will be announced in ordinary course.
Many of the books are in need of repai r, and the Librarians will gladly welcome any voluntaIY a si stance in thi connection.
New Members -lHr. Eugen Gollner, London and Hanseatic Bank Ltd., 38 LombarJ Street, E. C.
'\1r. W. H. Lucas, 40 Richmond Garden, Shepherd' Bu h, ~r. New Associate.-:\1iss Anne G . .\fatthews, 2 Southwood Lane , High
gate, N. Removals.- :'Iiss M. F. Cole~, to ISO Brooke Road, Clapton, N.E. :\11'. H . E. Dob on, to SA Kel on's Road, High Street, Clapham,
S.W. 1r. E. S. Kemshead, to 26 Palace Garden, Ro ebery Road, Mus
well Hill, N. Miss A. Reynolds, to Station Hotel. Craigendoran, Dumbarton
hire. Corrections of Addresses in Report.-:\[r. G. N. Farmer, 98 Cannon
Street, E.C.
Printed by A BO"'''R, 1 & 2 Took's Court. rurnival Street. London. 1.::.('.
SAT URDAY AFTERN OO N RAMBLES .
The following conducted visits l1ave been arranged for this monthCbelsea Hospital. S .. Olove's Grammar School, Tower Bridge. Conducted by W. G. Rushbrooke. Hackney ~lunicipal Ligbting Works. Conducted by L. L. Robinson.
COUNTRY WALKS. (No Special tickets required.)
SATURDAY AFTERXOONS IN JULY.
July T..Coulsdon (Surrey) ,"isit to Chaldon Cburch, Frescoes, etc. CondL1cted by T. H- Gilbert. Meet at C:mnon Street for 2 16 p.m. train. Tickets of Conductor.
July .6.-Ramble to Chislehm St and Sl. Paul's Cray COrT,mon, including part of tbe district of the Crays. Conducted by !\lr .• r,d Mrs. Tate S. Mansford. Meet 'gO;dl~;t~~. Street Station for '·44 train for New Eltham. Rail'ray ticllets of
SUNDAYS I;.t AUGUST .
Aug. Io.-ShOlcham (Kent). Conducted by ~lr. and ~Irs. E. J. llarrington. ;"\Ieet at Holborn \'iaduct for TI..15 a.rn. train. Day ticket IS. gd.
11 T7·-Wes terham. Rcndinl,.! by the Sunday Shal<espeare Society, 11 Comedy of Errors." :\lcct at Cantlon Street Station for rr.15 a.m. train.
" .+ Henley. Conducted by Miss Lewis. ;"\iect a(Paddington Station for 10.45a.m. train, fare 35. 6d.
" 3I.-Eciward H. Taylor's Hee Hives and Appliances, \Velwyn . Conducted by T. B. Blow. Mect at Fin:-.blJry Park Station, G.N .R., forg.l1 a.m. [rain. Tickets of Conductor. Ramblers are requested to be at the station at least 10 minutes before the departuT(' of train #-
St\TURDAY AI-TERNOONS I~ SKI'TEMIIEI{.
Particulars will be announced in September monthly list.
The SECOND RA;"\IBLERS' SOIREE will take place on Tbursday, September 18th. Subscription 2S. Gd. HOII. Sec., W. SHWWRINC, 2~ Bethune Road, Stamford Hill, N.
TUESDAY EVENING FREE LECTURES .
Arrangements have been made for the delivery of a Course of iIIustraled lectures on the .. Cities of Itn ly," to commence in October.
H01l.Scc.,J. IlALLAM.
SUNDAY AFTERNOON FREE LECTURES.
A cou,"e of lectures will be comnwnced on October 5 011 ,. The Politica l Systems of the World."
[-{oa. Scc., \V. SUEOWRING.
SUNDAY POPULAR CONCERTS.
The SEV1,r\TE1· NTH SEASON will begin on Sunday, Octoh"r 5. Further particulars, with Report of Tbe ~ixtcenth Season, will be issued in September.
IloII. 11·cas., H. G. l\IORluS, 5 Eliot Park, Lewisham, S.E. i -folt. Sa., AJ.FIU:!) J. CU';:\Il'::':-''l"S, Z5 Camdcn Rond, N.\V.
ORCHESTRAL SOCIETY.
The SIXTH SEASON will begin in September. Further particulars may be had front the Hon. Conductor, T. EUSTi\Cg BAHRALET, "Dunkerry," Sidney Road, ~Il1swell Hill, N.; the Hon. Treasurer, F. \V. CANNING, 4 'Z\lorland Road, Penge, S.E.: or the
J{OIl. Su., A. T. CLE:'\TENTS, 25 Carnden Road, N.W.
PHYSICAL DRILL.
Meetings for practice in Physical Dril1 \ Ground Gymnastics, and Fencing will be resumed in October.
Those desirous of ioinin~ arc Invilcd to send in their names to onc of the undersigned :-
HAROLD SEYJ .. EH, 61-(i~ Chancery Lane, \V.C. \VALI#IS MANSl-OIU), Ch{;rry Tree Court, 53 A)ders~ate Street, E.C .
LENDING LIBRARY.
The Lending: Library is opt::n free to ~re01bers of the Society and Sea~on Ticket Holdl!TS n Sunday mornings before and afu:f the Services. Associates and !':on-Membcrs of
the Society may undt·r certain conditions be ~ranted the use of the Library upon payment of a subscription of 25. 6d. per annuJII. The new catalogue is now rcadl', price ()d., inlt'f· leaved co pi cS Od. ~Ilbscripllons towards the purchase and repair of books aro invited.
If 11 1 'ua'n I ~Iiss ~l 'R" R\\'·I.I~GS. ·loG ~lare Street, Hack""y, N .E. o . "'" 1 n tU f \VA1.1 . 1.'i ;\l.-\:,-/SFOIUJ, Cherry Tree Coun, 53 Aldcrsgate Street, E.C.
PUBLICATIONS.
The followillg amollgst other publicatiolls ale 011 sale ill Ihe Libral):
" Farewell Discourses," by Dr. CONWAY; IS.
H Centenary History of South Place." by Dr. COSWAV i IS. 6d. (reduced price). "The Sacred Anthology," by Dr. CONII'AV; 35. " Thoughts and Aspirations of the Ages," ediwd by Dr. W. C. COl'I'LAND; 45 . .. Workers on their Industries"; 1'. lal . U Religious Systems of the World"; 4S.
"National Life and Thought"; 2s.6d. " British Empire'" (Sunday Afternoon Free Lectures). 6 vols. Crown 8vo, with Map.,
Charts, t!tc. 45. 6d. each volume.
"CENTENARY HISTORY OF SOUTH PLACE."
The Committee, having made an advantageous contract with the Pub ·
l;ehers for a large quantity, arc now enabled to place this volume within the
reach of all members and friends by selling at the reduced price of is. 6d. each .
The GeNeRAL COMMITTM; will lIleet 011 Thursday, July 3rd. Correspondence dealing with matters for consideration sllould be forwarded to tile Secretary at the earliest possible moment. All mallers relating to finance should be addressed to the Treasurer.
HONORARY OFFICERS.
TrttISfll'U: JOHN ALDREI>, 88 Chancery Lane, W.C. S,cl'etar),: Mrs. C. FLETcHER S"'TH, 38 ~Ianor Hoad, Stamford HIli, N. Rrgistrar of .Uembus aud Associates,' HAltOLI) S~\·r.l::R, 61-62 Chancery Lane, w.e. Editor of M aga:i1le: \V. J. HEYNol.lls, "arna, Fox Lane, Palmers Green, N.
. . • {MiSS MARV RAWLI'SGS, 406 Mare Street, Hackney, l\.E. L,b,.nnata \VALLIS MANbFORD, Cherry Tree Court, 53 Aldersgate Street, E.e.
R b ./ /. F / T t I W. RAWLINGS, 406 ~Iarc Street, Hackney, N.E. I· Ill' mg ,Itl. rus ees J. R. CARTER, Courtfield, Ross Road, Wallington, Surrey.
Building
Concert
Decoration ... Discussion Society
House
Secrelanes of Sub·Committees.
F. nEI,""RT MANSFORO, 53 Aldersgate Street, E.C.
ALFRT<D J. CL""ENTS, 25 Caroden Road, N.W. Mrs. 11. ST';VLER, 61·62 Chancery Lane, W.C. H. CROSSFIELD, 133 111gb Road, Lee, S.E. Mrs. LIDSTONJ(, 96 Blacl(stock Road, Finsbury Park, N.
I \V. SIIEOWRING, 24 Bethune Road, Stamford Hill, N. Institute [. HAl.LAM, 18 SI. Mark's Crescent, Regent's Park, N.W.
Library C. R. BRACE, 42 Manor Road, Stamford Hill, N.
Magazine ERN>'ST A. CARR, 9' Thuri.stone Road, \Vest Norwood, S .E.
Music E. M. REISS, 27 Gresham Road, Brixton, S.W.
Season Ticket W ALLIS MANSl'ORI>, Cherry Tree Court, 53 Aldersgate Street, E.C Soiree Mrs. W. J. REYNOI.DS, Varna, Fox Lane, Palmcrs Green, N.
Sunday Morning t \V. RAWLINGS, 406 Marc Street, Hackney, N.E. Lecture ,.. ~
------- ------- -----Sunday School Superintendent ... MIss F. A. LAW, 39 Clayton Road, Pcckham, S.E.
Organist H. SMIT1l \VEDSTER, 2 TufnelI Park Road, N.
The Buildinll: is to be let for Meetings, etc. Forms of application may be had ~f the Ct1~etake~, II South Place, E.C.; and when filled up should be sent to Mr. N. Lidstone, 96 Blackstock Road, Finsbury Park, N.
