NONO33--

nitrate ionnitrate ion

NONO22--

nitrite ionnitrite ion

Polyatomic Polyatomic IonsIons

Polyatomic Polyatomic IonsIons

You can make additional polyatomic ions You can make additional polyatomic ions by adding a Hby adding a H++ to the ion! to the ion!

COCO33 -2-2 is carbonate is carbonate

HCOHCO33–– is hydrogen carbonate is hydrogen carbonate

HH22POPO44–– is dihydrogen phosphate is dihydrogen phosphate

HSOHSO44–– is hydrogen sulfate is hydrogen sulfate

Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions

Ternary Ionic NomenclatureTernary Ionic Nomenclature

Writing Formulas

• Write each ion, cation first. Don’t show charges in the final formula.

• Overall charge must equal zero.• If charges cancel, just write symbols.• If not, use subscripts to balance charges.

• Use parentheses to show more than one of a particular polyatomic ion.

• Use Roman numerals indicate the ion’s charge when needed (stock system)

Ternary Ionic NomenclatureTernary Ionic Nomenclature

Sodium SulfateNa+ and SO4 -2

Na2SO4

Iron (III) hydroxideFe+3 and OH-

Fe(OH)3

Ammonium carbonateNH4

+ and CO3 –2

(NH4)2CO3

Learning Check Learning Check

1. aluminum nitrate

a) AlNO3 b) Al(NO)3 c) Al(NO3)3

2. copper(II) nitrate

a) CuNO3 b) Cu(NO3)2 c) Cu2(NO3)

3. Iron (III) hydroxide

a) FeOH b) Fe3OH c) Fe(OH)3

4. Tin(IV) hydroxide

a) Sn(OH)4 b) Sn(OH)2 c) Sn4(OH)

Naming Ternary CompoundsNaming Ternary Compounds

Contains at least 3 elementsThere MUST be at least one polyatomic ion

(it helps to circle the ions)Examples:

NaNO3 Sodium nitrate

K2SO4 Potassium sulfate

Al(HCO3)3 Aluminum bicarbonate

or

Aluminum hydrogen carbonate

Learning Check Learning Check

Match each set with the correct name:

1. Na2CO3 a) magnesium sulfite

MgSO3 b) magnesium sulfate

MgSO4 c) sodium carbonate

2 . Ca(HCO3)2 a) calcium carbonate

CaCO3 b) calcium phosphate

Ca3(PO4)2 c) calcium bicarbonate

Mixed Practice!Mixed Practice!

Name the following:

1. Na2O

2. CaCO3

3. PbS2

4. Sn3N2

5. Cu3PO4

6. HgF2

Mixed Up… The Other WayMixed Up… The Other Way

Write the formula:

1. Copper (II) chlorate

2. Calcium nitride

3. Aluminum carbonate

4. Potassium bromide

5. Barium fluoride

6. Cesium hydroxide

Naming Molecular Naming Molecular CompoundsCompounds

CH4 methaneBCl3 boron trichloride

CO2 Carbon dioxide

All are formed from two or more nonmetals.

Ionic compounds generally involve a metal and nonmetal (NaCl)

Molecular (Covalent) NomenclatureMolecular (Covalent) Nomenclaturefor two for two nonnonmetalsmetals

• Prefix System (binary compounds)

1. Less electronegative atom comes first.

2. Add prefixes to indicate # of atoms. Omit mono- prefix on the FIRST element. Mono- is OPTIONAL on the SECOND element (in this class, it’s NOT optional!).

3. Change the ending of the second element to -ide.

PREFIXmono-di-tri-tetra-penta-hexa-hepta-octa-nona-deca-

NUMBER123456789

10

Molecular Nomenclature PrefixesMolecular Nomenclature Prefixes

• CCl4

• N2O

• SF6

• carbon tetrachloride

• dinitrogen monoxide

• sulfur hexafluoride

Molecular Nomenclature: ExamplesMolecular Nomenclature: Examples

• arsenic trichloride

• dinitrogen pentoxide

• tetraphosphorus decoxide

• AsCl3

• N2O5

• P4O10

More Molecular ExamplesMore Molecular Examples

Learning Check Learning Check

Fill in the blanks to complete the following names of covalent compounds.

CO carbon ______oxide

CO2 carbon _______________

PCl3 phosphorus _______chloride

CCl4 carbon ________chloride

N2O _____nitrogen _____oxide

Learning Check Learning Check

1. P2O5 a) phosphorus oxide

b) phosphorus pentoxide

c) diphosphorus pentoxide

2. Cl2O7 a) dichlorine heptoxide

b) dichlorine oxide

c) chlorine heptoxide

3. Cl2 a) chlorine

b) dichlorine

c) dichloride

Overall strategy for naming chemical Overall strategy for naming chemical compounds.compounds.

A flow chart for naming binary compounds.A flow chart for naming binary compounds.

Mixed Review Mixed Review

Name the following compounds:

1. CaOa) calcium oxide b) calcium(I) oxidec) calcium (II) oxide

2. SnCl4

a) tin tetrachloride b) tin(II) chloride

c) tin(IV) chloride

3. N2O3

a) nitrogen oxide b) dinitrogen trioxidec) nitrogen trioxide

Solution Solution

Name the following compounds:

1. CaO

2. SnCl4

3. N2O3

a) calcium oxide

c) tin(IV) chloride

b) Dinitrogen trioxide

Mixed PracticeMixed Practice

1. Dinitrogen monoxide

2. Potassium sulfide

3. Copper (II) nitrate

4. Dichlorine heptoxide

5. Chromium (III) sulfate

6. Iron (III) sulfite

7. Calcium oxide

8. Barium carbonate

9. Iodine monochloride

Mixed PracticeMixed Practice

1.1. BaIBaI22

2.2. PP44SS33

3.3. Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22

4.4. FeCOFeCO33

5.5. NaNa22CrCr22OO77

6.6. II22OO55

7.7. Cu(ClOCu(ClO44))22

8.8. CSCS22

9.9. BB22ClCl44

Acid NomenclatureAcid Nomenclature

• AcidsAcids

• Compounds that form HCompounds that form H++ in water. in water.

• Formulas usually begin with ‘H’.Formulas usually begin with ‘H’.

• In order to be an acid instead of a gas, binary In order to be an acid instead of a gas, binary

acids must be aqueous (dissolved in water)acids must be aqueous (dissolved in water)

• Ternary acids are ALL aqueousTernary acids are ALL aqueous

• Examples:Examples:

• HCl HCl (aq)(aq) – hydrochloric acid – hydrochloric acid

• HNOHNO33 – nitric acid – nitric acid

• HH22SOSO44 – sulfuric acid – sulfuric acid

Anion Ending Acid Name

-ide hydro-(stem)-ic acid

-ate (stem)-ic acid

-ite (stem)-ous acid

Acid Nomenclature ReviewAcid Nomenclature Review

No OxygenNo Oxygen

w/Oxygen w/Oxygen

An easy way to remember which goes with which…An easy way to remember which goes with which…

““In the cafeteria, you In the cafeteria, you ATEATE something something ICICky”ky”

Acid Nomenclature FlowchartAcid Nomenclature Flowchart

h yd ro - p re fix-ic en d in g

2 e lem en ts

-a te en d in gb ecom es-ic en d in g

-ite en d in gb ecom es

-o u s en d in g

n o h yd ro - p re fix

3 e lem en ts

AC ID Ss ta rt w ith 'H '

• HBr HBr (aq)(aq)

• HH22COCO33

• HH22SOSO33

• No oxygen, No oxygen, --ideide

• Has oxygen, Has oxygen, -ate-ate

• Has oxygen, Has oxygen, -ite-ite

hydrohydrobromic bromic

acidacid

carboncarbonicic

acidacid

sulfursulfurousous

acidacid

Acid NomenclatureAcid Nomenclature

• hydrofluoric acidhydrofluoric acid

• sulfuric acidsulfuric acid

• nitrous acidnitrous acid

• 2 elements2 elements

• 3 elements, 3 elements, -ic-ic

• 3 elements, 3 elements, -ous-ous

HF HF (aq)(aq)

HH22SOSO44

HNOHNO22

Acid NomenclatureAcid Nomenclature

HH++ F- F-

HH++ SO SO442-2-

HH++ NO NO22--

Name ‘Em!Name ‘Em!

• HI HI (aq)(aq)

• HClHCl

• HH22SOSO33

• HNOHNO33

• HIOHIO44

Write the Formula!Write the Formula!

• Hydrobromic acidHydrobromic acid

• Nitrous acidNitrous acid

• Carbonic acidCarbonic acid

• Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid

• Hydrotelluric acidHydrotelluric acid

Nomenclature Summary Flowchart

Now it’s Study TimeNow it’s Study Time

DONEDONE

Rainbow Matrix GameRainbow Matrix Game

• Link on Chemistry Geek.com on Chemistry I page

• http://chemistrygeek.com/rainbow

Use [ ] to represent subscripts since you can’t enter subscripts into the computer

So H2O would be H[2]OAnd Al2(SO4)3 would be Al[2](SO[4])[3]

Additional Polyatomic Ions (you do not have to memorize these, but they are in the game!)

Borate = BO3 -3 ; Silicate = SiO4 -4 ;Manganate = MnO4 -2 (permanganate is -1)