In Spain the industrialization was slower than in the rest of Europe and located in just few places. Reason
• No entrepreneurs. Most bourgeoisie used their money to buy land instead of creating enterprises
• No raw materials • Geographic conditons make transport quite
expensive • Slow demographic growth.
Spain developed during the 19th century, but very slowly compared to other European countries
The population grew moderately from 11,5 to 18,6 million people between 1797 and 1900. High mortality
Rural, from countryside to the cities. Increased of cities Important to South America, from 1890 massive.
DESAMORTIZACIÓN: Expropiation of land “de manos muertas” (= can´t be sold) from the Church and municipalities to be sold for profit. Objectives: - To cultivate land that was underused -To encourage the enterprises of small-land owning middle class -Get money for the “Guerras Carlistas”.
The two most important ones were: - Mendizabal
confiscation (1837 Church)
- Madoz (1855 Municipalities)
CONSEQUENCES OF MENDIZABAL’S CONFISCATIONS:
There were not many new landowners. Finally, wealthy noble and other families took advantage of the legislation to increase their holdings. Latifundios in Andalucía, Castilla-La Mancha and Andalucía
The new landowners imposed harder working conditions on the peasants
Improvements: -Cultivated areas increased - Some innovations were introduced: new machinery, fertilizers,
and new irrigation systems - Money for the State.
Prodution didn´t increase
Book page 87 act. 5 – 6
MAIN INDUSTRIAL SECTORS
MINING INDUSTRY Subsoil rich in minerals such as mercury, lead,
copper. Sold it to foreign companies to pay national
debt.
TEXTILE INDUSTRY First one. Developed mostly in
Catalonia around the port of Barcelona. It became the most important industrial region.
Read on your book 2.2, 2.3 and 3.1 Now design your own map with its key of the Industrial Revolution in Spain .
Homework. Read pg 91 and do activity 9 of your book.
Read your book pg 92 – 93 and do activities 7,8,9,12.
Giuseppe Fanelli was a nineteenth-century Italian revolutionary anarchist, best known for his tour of Spain 1868, introducing the anarchist ideas of Mikhail Bakunin.
THE BEGINNING OF THE LABOUR
MOVEMENT IN SPAIN. ANARCHISM
THE BEGINNING OF THE LABOUR
MOVEMENT IN SPAIN. MARXISM
Paul Lafargue was a French revolutionary Marxist socialist journalist, literary critic, political writer and activist; he was Karl Marx's son-in-law.
Lafargue settled in Madrid, where he contacted those local members of the International over whom his influence was going to be very important. Lafargue wanted ,mainly, gathering a Marxist leadership in Madrid, while exercising an ideological influence through unsigned articles in the newspaper La Emancipación (where he defended the need to create a political party of the working class, one of the main topics opposed by the anarchists).
The PSOE was founded with the purpose of representing and defending the interests of the working class formed . In its beginnings, the PSOE's main objective was the defense of worker’s rights and the achievement of the ideals of socialism, by securing political power for the working class.
Pablo Iglesias, was a Spanish socialist and labour leader. He is regarded as the father of Spanish socialism; having founded the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in 1879 and the Spanish General Workers' Union (UGT) in 1888.
