NoSQL

DATABASE

By:

Vishal Kumar Gupta

Roll No. 1003310078

Computer Science & Engg (3rd year)

1. NoSQL stands for Not Only SQL.

2. A class of non-relational data-storage system.

3. Useful when working with a huge quantity of data when the data's

nature does not require a relational model.

4. Does not require a fixed table schema.

5. Does not require SQL languane for data manipulation.

AN INTRODUCTION :WHAT and WHY ?

HOW IT WORKS?

An Example of Amazon’s Service Oriented Architecture

Incoming

Request

Page Rendoring

Components

Aggregtor Services

Services

Dynamo InstancesOther Storage

1. NoSQL does not use SQL as its Query Language.

2. Data is partitioned among different machines so that traditional

JOIN operations can not be used.

3. NoSQL can not necessarily give full ACID guarantees. Usually

only eventual consistency is guaranteed or transactions limited to

single data items.

4. NoSQL has a distributed, fault-tolerant architecture.

5. NoSQL follow the CAP (Consistency, Availability, Partition

Tolerence) theorem.

CHARACTERISTICS

WHAT IS CAP THEOREM

??

?

CAP THEOREM: We do not

crop ACID properity

The CAP theorem states that it is impossible

for a distributed computer system to

simultaneously provide all three of the

following guarantees:

1. Consistency: All nodes see the same data at

the same time

2. Availability: A guarantee that every request

receives a response about whether it was

successful or failed.

3. Partition Tolerance: The system continues

to operate despite arbitrary message loss or

failure of part of the system.

According to the theorem, a distributed

system can satisfy any two of these guarantees

at the same time, but not all three.

Z

SQL-NoSQL ??

COMPARISON OF SQL and NoSQL

SQL

SQL database is relational

database that matches data by

using common characteristics

found in the dataset.

Users have to scale relational

database on powerful servers

that are expensive and difficult

to handle.

There must be a schema for

relational database.

NoSQL

NoSQL database is non-relation

-al database. Usually avoid join

operations, and typically scale h

-orizontally.

The scalability is handle through

Sharding and Replication. It au

-tomatically spreads your data o

-nto multiple servers without re

-quiring application assistance.

No schema is required.

Sharding:

DB Sharding is nothing but horizontal partitioning of data. In a

traditional database, you would do the partitioning such as in Oracle

database. A table with billions of rows can be partitioned using “Range

Partitioning”.

Replication:

To ensure high availability and performance of a service, resources for

data and query processing must be distributed to and stored in two or

more locations. This is what we call 'replication.'

WHAT IS SHARDING AND REPLICATION?

1. Key–value stores

2. Big-Table implementations

3. Document store databases

4. Graph Databases

CLASSIFICATIONNoSQL databases are categorized according to the

way they store the data.

It allow the application developer to store schema-less data. This data

is usually consisting of a string which represents the key and the actual

data which is considered to be the value in the "key - value"

relationship.

The way it works is demonstrated in this little sample chart:

Color Red

Age 18

Size Large

Name Smith

Title The Brown Dog

KEY-VALUE STORES

Hoffman code strategy to store

key values.

Big-Table is a compressed, high performance, and proprietary data

storage system built on Google File System, Chubby Lock Service,

SSTable (log-structured storage like LevelDB) and a few other

Google technologies.

It is not distributed outside Google.

BIG-TABLE IMPLEMENTATION

Big Data Storage System in Big Table implementation.

The concept of a document store is the notion of a "document".

While each document-oriented database implementation differs on

the details of this definition, in general, they all assume that

documents encapsulate and encode data (or information) in some

standard formats or encodings.

DOCUMENT STORE DATABASE

Relational Storage Database Document Store Database

This kind of database is designed for data whose relations are well rep

-resented as a graph (elements interconnected with an undetermined

number of relations between them).

The kind of data could be in social relations, public trans -port

links, road maps or network topologies.

GRAPH DATABASE

Graph Storage Database

1. Dynamo:

Dynamo is a distributed key-value storage system that is used internally by Amazon for its own services.

2. Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service):

S3 is a distributed and scalable key-value stor -age system comparable to Dynamo.

3.SimpleDB:

SimpleDB is a schema free and distributed database provi-ded by Amazon as a web service. Its main feature is its ease of use: SimpleDB does not need a schema, decides automatically which indexes are needed and provides a simple SQL like query interface.

NoSQL PRODUCTS/PROJECTS

4. Big Table:

Big-Table is one of Google's solutions to deal with its vast amount of

data. It is build on top of Google's distributed file system GFS and is

used by Google for several applications with different demands on the

latency of the database.

5. Google App Engine:

The Google App En -gine datastore provides applications that a -re

running inside Google's App Engine with a query able and schema free

data store.

6. MongoDB:

MongoDB is a schema less document oriented database developed by

10gen and an open source community. The database is intended to be

scalable and fast and is written in C++. In addition to its document

oriented databases features, MongoDB can be used to store and distri

-bute large binary files like images and videos.

…continue

7. CouchDB:

CouchDB is a schema free document oriented database with an optimistic replication mechanism.

CouchDB itself is currently not a distributed database by itself, but it can be used as such in combination with a proxy layer, which handles the sharding and server management.

8. Apache Cassandra:

Apache Cassandra is a highly scalable and high-performance distrib-uted database management system. Cassandra is able to manage the distribution of data across multiple data centers and offers incremental scalability with no single point of failure.

Cassandra is a logical choice for enterprises that need constant optim -e, reliability, and very fast performance. Many leading companies, including Cisco, HP, Motorola, Netflix, Ooyala, Openwave, Rackspa- ce, and Twitter rely upon Cassandra to manage the data needs of their critical production applications.

…continue

NoSQL databases generally process data faster than

relational databases.

NoSQL databases are also often faster because their data

models are simpler.

Major NoSQL systems are flexible enough to better

enable developers to use the applications in ways that

meet their needs.

ADVANTAGES OF NoSQL

1. Businesses that have outgrown legacy relational systems are now

turning to NoSQL solutions to manage their critical data needs.

NoSQL databases have shown they’re capable of handling both

real-time / system of record applications as well as analytic and

business intelligence systems. This is why many enterprises have

already elevated NoSQL as a primary data provider along with

traditional RDBMSs. However, not all NoSQL databases are

created alike – and some are more enterprise-ready than others.

2. For example, a recent Evans Data survey revealed that corporate

enterprise developers in North America and UK are rapidly

accepting NoSQL. The study also showed that NoSQL databases

already are being used in 56 percent of organization -s

surveyed, and 63 percents of respondents said they plan to use

NoSQL in the next two years.

MOMENTUM Of NoSQL In The ENTERPRISE

Percent of Planned Enterprise NoSQL Usage

North

America EMEA

APAC

0

50

100

CAREER??

This work has shown that there are a lot of differences between

current NoSQL implementations. This is not a surprising

result, because none of the examined databases aim to be the perfect

solution for every problem. Instead each database has its own

properties and features, so that developers have to choose the right

database depended on the requirements of their project. Therefore

this work compared the trade-offs of the examined database

implementations and explained why these are necessary.

CONCLUION

QUESTION

???

?

THANK YOU

1. Wikipedia.org/wiki/NoSQL

2. Ieee.org/NoSQL/ WG2_N1537_SQL_Standard_and_NoSQL_Databases 2011-05 by Keith W. Hare

3 Ieee.org/NoSQL/ WP-DataStax-NoSQL by DataStax Corporation

4. Ieee.org/NoSQLDatabases by Prof. Walter Kriha

5. thewindowsclub.com/difference-sql-nosql-comparision

REFERENCES