No.3 Health Promotion

8/13/2019 No.3 Health Promotion

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HEALTH PROMOTION-

AN OVERVIEWNatasha Sobers-Grannum, MBBS, Dip(EPI), MPH

Lecturer, Public Health and Epidemiology



Situational Analysis – regionSource: PAHO Basic Indicators 2012 (2010 data)



Biological causation

Adapted from Hanson D et al. The injury iceberg: An ecological approach to planning and sustainable community safetyinterventions





Course overview

EpidemiologicalFoundation

• Lectures 1&2

• Lectures 4&6

Introduction to socialdeterminants and

sociological concepts

• Lectures 3,5,7,8,9

Life cycle

Introduction toPsychiatry

• Lectures by Dr. Mary Campbell

• Lectures by Dr. J. Brathwaite



YOUR JOB AS PHYSICIANS

DOES NOT ONLY INVOLVETREATING THE SICK BUT

ALSO MAINTAINING HEALTH



Learning objectives

• Define health education and health promotion.• Explain the role of health education and health

promotion in influencing health and wellness

• List the major principles upon which healtheducation and health promotion are based.

• Describe two models commonly used in planning

health education/promotion activities



Definition of health

• The condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit

• A flourishing condition or well-being—not just the absence

of disease• Or

• A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

WHO (1948).



What is health

•a state of complete physical, mental and

social well-being, an individual or group

•a resource for everyday life, not theobjective of living.

•a positive concept emphasizing social

and personal resources, as well asphysical capacities



Promotion

Going up higher Promotion/offer/marketing



Promotion

• It is the communication link between

sellers and buyers for the purpose of

influencing, informing, or persuading a

potential buyer's purchasing decision. (Wikipedia)



What is health promotion

•Health promotion is the process of

enabling people to increase control

over, and to improve, their health. It

moves beyond a focus on individual

behaviour towards a wide range of social

and environmental interventions. (WHO

Definition) Ottawa, 1986



Caribbean Charter for Health Promotion

• 1993 – First Caribbean conference for Health Promotion

(Port of Spain, Trinidad)

• Health promotion is that new approach in the Caribbean

context that will strengthen the capacity of individuals

and communities to control, improve and maintain

physical, social, mental and spiritual well-being





Health Care

•―Health ..(can) not be improved

simply by provision of health

services focusing on particular

diseases or organs. (Lee et al,

2007)



Health promotion

•Focuses not only on disease prevention

and control, but on health and wellness

and advocates that people’s health is a

positive resource for life

•Demands close collaboration among

health and other sectors since thedeterminants of health status are varied

and diverse



ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES



Strategies/Organizing principles

Formulatinghealthy publicpolicy

Building allianceswith special

emphasis on themedia

Empowering

communities toachieve well-being

Developing/Increasing personal

health skills

Creating

supportiveenvironments

Reorientinghealth services



Build Healthy Public Policy

• Puts health on the agenda of policy makers in all

sectors and at all levels,

• Directing them to be aware of the health

consequences of their decisions and to accepttheir responsibilities for health.



Reorient Health Services

•The role of the health sector must move

increasingly in a health promotion

direction, beyond its responsibility for

providing clinical and curative services.

•Health services need to embrace an

expanded mandate which is sensitive

and respects cultural needs.



Strengthen Community Actions

• Community development draws on existing human and

material resources in the community to enhance self-help

and social support, and to develop flexible systems for

strengthening public participation in and direction of

health matters.



The Washington Post

Friday, November 16, 2007

Clipping Away at IllnessBarbers and Salons Catering to Blacks

Add Health Checks to List of Services



Create Supportive Environments

• Changing patterns of life, work and leisure have a

significant impact on health.

• Work and leisure should be a source of health for people.

The way society organizes work should help create a

healthy society.

• Health promotion generates living and working conditions

that are safe, stimulating, satisfying and enjoyable.



Develop Personal Skills

• Health promotion supports personal and social

development through providing information, education for

health, and enhancing life skills

• Enabling people to learn, throughout life, to prepare

themselves for all of its stages and to cope with chronic

illness and injuries is essential.



Building alliances with special emphasis

on the media• Alliances should be formed and sought among traditional

and non-traditional sectors

• The media in all their diversity must be key players in this

partnership

• Brining their considerable power and influence to bear on

the formulation of policies and programmes



HOW MIGHT WE ENGAGE INHEALTH PROMOTION TO

PREVENT

OBESITY/PROMOTE

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY?



HEALTH PROMOTION ACTIVITIES



IMPLEMENTATION OF

HEALTH PROMOTION

STRATEGIES



Models of health promotion

• Personal/Individual

• Transtheoretical change

• Social cognitive theory

• Health belief model

• Community or societal models



Transtheoretical change: Stages of

change

Precontemplation

Contemplation

Preparation Action

Maintenance





Social marketing

• Product: ensuring a product or service suits the target

market

• Price: understanding what people feel they have to give

up to benefit

• Place: ensuring the product is accessible and usable by

the target audience

• Promotion: letting people know that what is on offer is

worth having



Social marketing

Product: ensuring a product orservice suits the target market

Physical activity

Price: understanding what people

feel they have to give up to

benefit

Time, Energy, Perseverance

Place: ensuring the product is

accessible and usable by the

target audience

Boardwalk, Sidewalks along

highways, Gymnasium, park,

play area, bicycle path

Promotion: letting people know

that what is on offer is worth

having

Promotion: Good for your health,

You will have a great body



Summary-expectations

• Define health education and health promotion.

• Explain the role of health education and health promotion

in influencing health and wellness

• List the major principles upon which health education and

health promotion are based.

• Describe two models commonly used in planning health

education/promotion activities



Summary (Lee et al, 2007)

• ―Health ..(can) not be improved simply

by provision of health services focusing

on particular diseases or organs.• If individuals are only working on their

own they will face many barriers, as

many factors are beyond the control ofan individual and even the health care

sector.



References

• Caribbean Charter for Health Promotion

• Coreil J, Social and Behavioral Foundations of Public Health, 2nd edition,

2008

• Lee A, Kiyu A, Milman HM, Jimenez J, Improving Health and Building Human

Capital Through an Effective Primary care System. Journal of Urban Health:

Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, Vol 84, No. 1• Social and Behavioral Public Health Lectures, John Hopkins Bloomberg

School of Public Health, 2006. Available at

http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/SocialBehavioralFoundations/lectureNotes.cfm

• Unwin Nigel et al, Introduction to Public Health and Epidemiology



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