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Nicole CarlozoNOAA Social Coast Forum
Charleston, SCFebruary 18, 2014
Oyster Aquaculture Expansion in Maryland’s Chesapeake Bay: Informing industry opportunities and conflicts through GIS and participatory mapping processes
Saving Maryland’s Oyster
Data Portals (DNR Aquaculture Division)
Suitability Modeling (NOAA Fellow/MD DNR)
Addressing user-conflicts and needs through stakeholder participation (NOAA Fellow/ MD DNR)
State Actions
Why do we care?
Oyster Aquaculture Planning
The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica)…
A Heritage in Oysters: Crisfield, Cambridge, Oxford, St. Michaels, Galesville, Solomons, Smith Island…
Oyster Police cannon
Photos courtesy of MD Historical Society, MD DNR, National Archives
The Declining Fishery
“In ten or fifteen years the oyster men of Chesapeake Bay will be extinct, and their unique maritime culture and independent way of living will pass into folklore and history…” (Wennersten, 1981)
Dermo
MSX
1949. Dermo 1959. MSX
Source: NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office
Taking Action
• Habitat protection/sanctuaries• Artificial reefs• Large-scale restoration
– 20 tributaries by 2025• Enforcement• Promote Aquaculture
(1820, 1965, 1906…2010)– Oyster Restoration and
Aquaculture Development Plan– Data collection and transparency
Marine Spatial Planning*
* Data sharing, transparency, data collection, tool development, stakeholder participation, use-conflicts, coastal planning
Data Portals (Online Aquaculture Siting Tool)Suitability Modeling (GIS Model)Addressing user-conflicts and needs through stakeholder participation (Participatory GIS)
Oyster Aquaculture Planning
Online Aquaculture Siting Tool
Aquaculture Policy: Exclusion areas
• SAV zone (5 years)• Oyster Planting Areas (6 years)• Closed Harvest Areas• Public Shellfish Fishery Area (150 ft buffer)• Harvest Reserve Area (150 ft buffer)• Pound net sites (150 ft buffer)• Yates bars within sanctuaries (150 ft buffer)• Federal navigation channels (150 ft buffer)• Navigation buoys (250 ft buffer) – requires Army Corps of Engineers / Coast
Guard Review• Shoreline (50 ft buffer, unless landowner permission)• Blind spots (500 yard buffer) – locations change annually• MD artificial reef initiative sites• Current shellfish leases• Potomac River main stem• No more than 10% of any sanctuary can be leased (leases must be compatible
with restoration).
1) Identify high priority aquaculture areas that align with TMDL water quality goals.
2) Investigate oyster aquaculture as a BMP to meet Chesapeake TMDL water quality goals.
3) Develop recommendations about the best ways to balance competing coastal uses.
1) Identify high priority aquaculture areas that align with TMDL water quality goals.
Develop Suitability Parameters Bottom, Caged, and Floating Aquaculture
Interviews
Literature Research
Expert facilitation
Develop GIS ModelEnvironmental Parameters: DO, Salinity, Temp, Bottom Substrate, Bacteria
Policy Parameters: Online Aquaculture Siting Tool, Cultural/Historic Sites
Additional Parameters: Bathymetry
Oyster Aquaculture Suitability ModelModels: • Bottom, Caged, Floating• Raster Calculator:
– Suitable = 1– Unsuitable = 0
DOTemperatureSalinityBottomPolicyBacteriaBathymetry
Priority AreasParameter - Priority Suitability
Dissolved Oxygen (Data: CBP Interpolator)
> 4 mg/L summer average
Salinity (Data: CBP Interpolator)
8 – 12 ppt (bottom/caged)8 – 25 ppt (float/triploid)
Bacteria (Data: MDE)
MDE approved non-conditional areas
Substrate (Data: NOAA OysterDecision Support Tool)
Hard/shell > mixed > gravelNo priority for floating cultures.
• Long-term survival, optimal filtration• Reduced disease risk• Ability to harvest• Suitable substrate for reduced maintenance
NOTE: Fetch, wave action, chlorophyll, and flow were not incorporated into this initial model.
2) Investigate oyster aquaculture as a BMP to meet Chesapeake TMDL water quality goals.
Average N content: 8.2% of tissue dry weight (DW) and 0.21% of shell DW.
Average P content: 1.07% of tissue DW and 0.06% of shell DW.
(2013 STAC Report)Source: NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office/EcoCheck
Oysters and Water Quality
3) Develop recommendations about the best ways to balance competing coastal uses.
Participatory Mapping (pGIS) “Gathering and mapping spatial information to help communities learn, discuss, build consensus, and make decisions about their communities and associated resources.” (NOAA Coastal Services Center 2009)
Recreational Use Data
Area of Focus for Mapping Choptank River Recreational Uses
Participatory Mapping Pilot
Participatory Mapping
• Inform land acquisition / recreation planning, public access needs, and future oyster aquaculture expansion.
• Identify current use patterns to determine future needs or potential conflicts.
• Reduce information gap
• Integrate CMSP into management efforts.
• 24 recreational use categories– Charter/Guided– Fishing/Hunting– General– Cultural/Historic Uses
• 3 Breakout rooms
• +40 participants
• 8 to 10 staff
• E-beam (electronic pen)
PurposeWorkshop
Stakeholder ParticipationDraw on local experts to obtain knowledge about recreational uses:
• location (spatial range)• intensity (general vs. dominant)• other use characteristics (seasonality)
Workshop facilitators & mapping specialists help convert local knowledge into readable maps
Use interactive mapping software to explain…“What happens where?”
“To what extent?”
Data CollectionGeneral Use Footprint : Areas in which the use is known to occur with some regularity (over the past 3 5 years), ‐regardless of its frequency or intensity.
Dominant Use Areas: Areas routinely used by most users most of the time (within the seasonal patterns for that use).
Putting the Pieces Together…
Next Steps
– Suitability Model: HAB risk areas; Climate risk areas; refine as needed.– Develop workshop materials for Chesapeake-wide PGIS workshops.– Engage state/local resource and recreation planners.– Data sharing (Coastal Atlas).