Transcoder function in GERAN3GPP TS 08 series of Technical Specifications defines the A-interface between the BSS and Mobile Services switching Centre MSCA transcoder or rate adapter function is needed, because A-interface channel bit rate is 64 kbit/s, but the net radio path traffic channel is at a rate of less than 16 kbit/sTranscoding or rate adaptation function may be geographically situated at either the MSC site or the BSS site, however the transcoder is considered to be part of the BSSSubmultiplexing can be utilized between BSC and transcoder for maximum transmission efficiency i.e. allocating as many as four 16 kbit/s channels to a single 64 kbit/s timeslot in the Ater PCM

Evolution path of Nokia TCSM ProductsTCSM2E/AUp to 960 ETSI / 768 ANSI ChExtension Step 120 ETSI / 95 ANSIAdded unique features for superior voice quality such as Acoustic Echo Canceller and Noise Suppression

TCSM3iUp to 11520 ETSI / 9120 ANSI ChExtension Step 960 ETSI / 760 ANSIAll TCSM2 features availableAdded enhanced pool options TCSMEUp to 450 ETSI ChExtension Step 15 ETSI

from 1995from 2007from 1992

Nokia TCSM3i High Capacity Transcoder SubmultiplexerCapacity exceeding 11 000 traffic channels in compact one cabinet designHigh operational efficiency with minimal number of cabinets and low power consumption New configuration option as combined BSC3i 1000/2000 and TCSM3i site installation offer further benefits:SDH/Sonet optical transmission connections towards A interface and remote BSCsSharing of TCSM3i resources between several BSCs (co-located or remote)All-in-one pool concept making reconfiguration work needless

Nokia TransCoder SubMultiplexer productsTCSM3i & TCSM2 Main featuresAll-in-one triple codec: Full Rate; Half Rate, Enhanced Full Rate codec, TFO mode and AMR codecsUnique features for superior voice quality such as Acoustic Echo Canceller and Nokia Noise SuppressionCentral supervision and configuration management via the BSC to Nokia NetActTMEasy to operate remotely or locally on-line Software is downloadable via BSCTerrestrial transmission cost minimised by 4:1 submultiplexed traffic channels

Nokia High Capacity TransCoder SubMultiplexer TCSM3i

Dynamic all-in-one pool support in new TCSM3iCapability to support features flexible in the same poolFuture proof solutionSmooth evolution capability for forthcoming functionalities according to BSS Release RoadmapEasy upgrading for future transcoding improvements software changes are included in BSC software packageIn addition to TCSM2 features

TCSM3i 11520/9120 channel configuration

TCSM2 11520/9120 channel configuration

Less floor space with TCSM3iIn this example TCSM2 occupies 13 or 15 times the floor space compared with TCSM3i (depending whether the raised floor option is used or not)Even more when TCSM2s are installed with cabling racks

New pools introduced in TCSM3i onlyPool 28 (EFR&DR&AMR&Data 14.4)Pool 32 (EFR&DR&AMR&HS4&Data 14.4)Support for new enhanced A-Interface poolsAll supported codecs and features in the same pool

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TCSM3i installation options

Nokia TCSM3i Installation OptionsSimilar implementation as with TCSM2E1/T1 connections towards A- and Ater interfaces (480 E1/T1 lines)Up to 11 520 ch capacity in ETSI, 9120 ch in ANSICabling CabinetTypical location at core site, can serve up to 12 remote BSCsNew installation option Provides STM-1/OC-3 connections towards A interface (6 STM-1/OC-3 lines)Up to 11 358 ch capacity in ETSI, 11424 ch in ANSINo cabling cabinetTypical location at core site, can serve 96 BSCs in ETSI or 24 in ANSI

Combined BSC3i/TCSM3i cabinet configurationsTCSM3i cabinet can be flexibly configured on either side of BSC3i 1000 (one cabinet) or BSC3i 2000 (two cabinets)

STM-1/OC-3 in Nokia TCSM3i with combined BSC3i/TCSM3i Installation OptionCombined BSC3i/TCSM3i installation provides optical STM-1/OC-3 interface towards CS coreSimplified cabling with integrated STM-1/OC-3 interfacesNo need for transmission plug-in units for Ater connectionsFast A-interface installation with optical connectionsClear savings in transmission and site costsNo need for Cabling Cabinets in either BSC3i or TCSM3iNo need for external transmission elements (E1/T1 SDH/SONET converters or DDFs)Reduced power consumption per traffic channel

Combined BSC3i/TCSM3i Installation Internal cablingNote: All interconnection wiring is shielded twisted pair copper cables

Combined BSC3i/TCSM3i InstallationExternal Interfaces exampleETS2 plug-in units in the BSC3i provide connection to radio- and packet core networkMaximum of 16 STM-1/OC-3 interfaces is available4 ETS2 plug-in units in TCSM3i provide connection to core networkMaximum of 6 STM-1/OC-3 interfaces is availableBSC3i 2000TCSM3i A-interfaceAbis-, Ater-, Gb-interfaceSGSNMSC/ MGWBSCSGSN

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TCSM3i hardware

TCSM3i CabinetFast installation time on site and very easy expansionSimplified cabling with cabling cabinet for E1/T1 connectionsBoth overhead cable as well as raised-floor options supportedDimensioned according to international standardsEnhanced earthquake and fire resistance

TCSM TransCoder SubMultiplexer (6 TC2C cartridges)ET Exchange Terminal (3 ETC cartridges)CLS Clock & Synchronization Unit (CLOC cartridge)PDFU Power Distribution Fuse UnitTCSM3i Cabinet configuration

TCSM3i hardware 16 Transcoding plug-in unitsTR3E for ETSI 120 chTR3A for ANSI 95 ch1 or 2 Ater interface ET16 plug-in units8 Exchange Terminal (ET16) plug-in units for A-interface Same unit for ETSI/ANSI16 back-mounted E1/T1 connectionsExternal connections by RJ45 plugs2 Clock and Tone Generator (CL3TG) plug-in unitsETC cartridgeTC2C cartridge

TCSM3i for combined BSC3i/TCSM3iCabinet configuration TCSM TransCoder SubMultiplexer (6 TC2C cartridges)SET SDH/SONET Exchange Terminal (2 GTIC cartridges)CLAB Clock and Alarm Buffer Unit (CLAC cartridge)PDFU Power Distribution Fuse Unit

TCSM3i for combined BSC3i/TCSM3i installation Hardware 16 Transcoding plug-in unitsTR3E for both ETSI and ANSI2 A-interface SDH/SONET Exchange Terminal (ETS2) plug-in unitsSame unit for ETSI/ANSI2 STM-1/OC-3 connections per unitOptical LC-connectors at front plate2 Serial Broadband Multiplexer (SBMUX) for internal Ater connections2 Clock and Alarm Buffer (CLAB) plug-in unitsGTIC cartridgesTC2C cartridges

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TCSM3i hardware configurations

11520 / 9120 Ch per cabinet In steps of 960 / 760 ChTCSM3i hardware configurationsCapacity steps*) Second ET16 required in transcoding cartridges

Distributing the capacityfor different BSCs*) Second ET16 required in transcoding cartridges

TCSM3i for combined BSC3i/TCSM3i installation Capacity steps11358 / 11424 Ch per cabinet In steps of 960,933 / 952 Ch

Distributing the capacityfor different BSCs4a4b5a5bTC2C 6TC2C 5TC2C 0TC2C 1CLSGTIC 3GTIC 2TC2C 3TC2C 2

Nokia TCSM3i technical specifications*) TCSM3i for combined BSC3i/TCSM3i installation

Maximum capacityof TCSM3i3ANSI ETSI9120 ch11520 ch ( 11424 ch ) * ( 11358 ch )Maximum number of BSCs connectedANSI ETSI12 pcs 12 pcs( 24 pcs ) ( 96 pcs )Maximum number of ext. interfacesA Ater384 T1/E1 96 T1/E1 ( 6 OC-3/STM-1 ) ( internal wiring) WeightMaximum weight 320 kg, cabling cabinet 75 kg floor loading below 500 kg/m2, no need for raised floorDimensions (H x W x D) Footprint cm2/channel2000x1200x600 mm 6 7 x 3 11 x 2 0.72 m2 0.63 cm2/ch 0.79 ANSI ( 2000x900x600 mm ) ( 6 7 x 2 11 x 2 ) ( 0.54 m2 ) ( 0.53 cm2/ch )Power supplyInputs 48 or 60 V dc (ETS 300 132-2) Direct floating batteries can be usedPower consumption for dimensioning site power supplymaximum operating 0.14 W/ch 3.0 kW 1.6 kW 1.3 kW ANSI ( 0.13 W/ch ) ( 2.8 kW ) ( 1.5 kW )EnvironmentSafety: EN 60950 and UL 60950 Fire resistance: GR63CORE & TP76200MPEarthquake resistance: ETS300019 & GR63COREEnvironmental requirements: ETS 300 019-1-3EMC specifications: EN 300386-2 & FCC part 15Acoustic noise: ETS 300 753 & GR63CORERestriction of Hazardous Substances: EU 2002/95/EC (RoHS)Product collection and disposal: EU 2002/96/EC (WEEE)

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***1992 and 1995 TCSM2 channel capacity in line with the erlang capacity of BSC1995-2006 Additional features introduced to TCSM22006 again in line with the erlang capacity of BSC - BSC3i 2000*12 times the capacity of TCSM2 in one cabinetAll TCSM2 advanced features supportedNEW all in one circuit pools introducedUp to date hardware platform

*

The Nokia TCSM2 is based on the DX 200 platform with a compact modular structure. It can be located either at MSC or BSC site. When located at the MSC site, transmission capacity between the BSC and the MSC is saved, because the signal is transmitted in transcoded form up to the MSC. The TCSM supports Full Rate (FR), Half Rate (HR) and Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) voice coding. Also unique Nokia features like the Acoustic Echo Canceller (AEC), Nokia Noise Suppression (NS) and Adaptive Gain Control can be used in TCSM2s to further improve network speech quality perceived by end-users. Also Tandem Free Operation (TFO) is available to remove double coding in MS to MS calls. To further enhance quality and capacity, Nokia introduces Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR). AMR codec consists of a family of codecs (source and channel codecs with different trade-off bit-rates) operating in the GSM FR and HR channels. The idea behind the ETSI AMR codec concept is that it is capable of adapting its operation optimally according to the prevailing channel conditions.

For further information see TCSM2 Functionalities document

*

The Nokia TCSM2 is based on the DX 200 platform with a compact modular structure. It can be located either at MSC or BSC site. When located at the MSC site, transmission capacity between the BSC and the MSC is saved, because the signal is transmitted in transcoded form up to the MSC. The TCSM supports Full Rate (FR), Half Rate (HR) and Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) voice coding. Also unique Nokia features like the Acoustic Echo Canceller (AEC), Nokia Noise Suppression (NS) and Adaptive Gain Control can be used in TCSM2s to further improve network speech quality perceived by end-users. Also Tandem Free Operation (TFO) is available to remove double coding in MS to MS calls. To further enhance quality and capacity, Nokia introduces Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR). AMR codec consists of a family of codecs (source and channel codecs with different trade-off bit-rates) operating in the GSM FR and HR channels. The idea behind the ETSI AMR codec concept is that it is capable of adapting its operation optimally according to the prevailing channel conditions.

For further information see TCSM2 Functionalities document

**New All-in-one pool concept simplifies TCSM3i configuration and makes reconfiguration unnecessary

Transcoder Circuit typeThe A interface speech circuits (CIC) are divided into pools (CIP) according to the transcoder/submultiplexer (TCSM2) capabilities. The main factors whendividing the circuits into pools is the channel rate and the speech codecs supported. The routing of signals between the BSC-side and MSC-side trunk interfaces through 2G-TC is controlled by the chosen timeslot allocation. The allocation type must also be supported by the BSC. Different 2G-TCs of the same BSS may use different allocations. It is possible to configure the TCSM2 equipment with O&M commands to be one of six circuit types (A to F). TRAU has the ability to handle traffic channels Below the maximum configured rate in real time, according to the control information received from the base station. Following circuit types are supported (each A PCM on the Ater PCM can be any of the following types but timeslots within each A PCM are of the same type):-A circuit type means that the Ater subchannel handled by the TRAU is a 16 kbit/s channel, containing FR or EFR speech or FR data traffic.-B circuit type means that the Ater subchannel handled by the TRAU is an 8 kbit/s channel, containing HR speech or HR data traffic. -C circuit type means that the Ater subchannel handled by the TRAU is an 8-16 kbit/s channel, containing FR or EFR speech, FR data, HR speech or HR data traffic.-D circuit type means that the Ater subchannel handled by the TRAU is an 8-32 kbit/s channel, containing FR or EFR speech, FR data, HR speech or HR data traffic or HSCSD max 2 FR data traffic.-E circuit type means that the Ater subchannel handled by the TRAU is an 8-64 kbit/s channel, containing FR or EFR speech, FR data, HR speech or HR data traffic or HSCSD max 4 FR data traffic.-F circuit type means that the Ater subchannel handled by the TRAU is a 8-16 kbit/s channel, containing AMR speech.

There are always two HR traffic channels or one FR traffic channel in one 16 kbit/s subchannel between the BSC (Base Station Controller) and the BTS (BaseTransceiver Station) i.e. in the Abis interface. In case of circuit types "C - E", however, the TRAU handles only one HR traffic channel or one FR trafficchannel in the highest 8 or 16 kbit/s subchannel respectively in the Ater-interface

Speech Codecs:Data rates:FR = Full RateD144 = 14.4 kbit/s data rateHR = Half RateHSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched DataDR = Dual RateHS2 = HSCSD max 2xFR dataEFR = Enhanced Full RateHS4 = HSCSD max 4xFR dataAMR = Adaptive Multirate

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