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Nomenclature
Chapter 5
Good News and Bad News
Good News: No calculations!
Bad News: Memorization!
Common Names
Sugar of lead Lead acetate
Blue vitriol copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO4·5 H2O.
Quicklime CaO
Epsom salts MgSO4·7H2O
Milk of magnesia Mg(OH)2
Gypsum CaSO4
Laughing gas N2O
Naming Compounds
Binary Compounds
Metal with a nonmetal
Two nonmetals
Binary Ionic Compounds
Contains a metal ion and a nonmetal ionCations are positive (metals) and written 1stAnions are negative (usually nonmetals) and written 2nd Table 5.1 (need to know) Notice that Hydrogen can be a cation or an
anion!
Anions change ending to ide
Type I Compounds
Metal can form only one ionMetals are from groups 1 and 2 onlyEasiest to nameThree simple rules
Rules for Type I Compounds
1. The cation is always names first and the anion is named second.
2. To name the cation, use the element name.
3. Anions have the ending changed to ide.
Examples
NaCl Sodium Chloride
KI Potassium Iodide
CaS Calcium Sulfide
CsBr Cesium Bromide
MgO Magnesium Oxide
Your Turn
Cs2O
BeFAl2O3
AgCl
Type II Ionic Compounds
Contains a cation that can have more than one charge Almost always a transition metal
Examples: Copper can be 2+ or 1+ Iron can be 2+ or 3+ Tin can be 2+ or 4+
See table 5.2 P133
Rules for naming type II
1. Name the metal as an element followed by the charge in Roman Numerals in parenthesis.
2. Name the anion as usual.
How do you find the charge? MnO2
Examples
Fe2O3 Iron (III) oxide
HgO Mercury (II) oxide
PbCl2 Lead (II) chloride
CuCl2 Copper (II) chloride
Your Turn
SnCl2PbF2
Co2O3
CuO
Type III Binary Compounds
1. The first element is named using the full element name
2. The second element is named as an anion
3. Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms of each type present. See table 5.3 on P 137
4. The prefix mono is never used for naming the first element.
Examples
BF3 Boron Trifluoride
N2O3 Dinitrogen trioxide
NO Nitrogen monoxide
CO Carbon monoxide
CO2 Carbon dioxide
Your Turn
NO2
P4O6
SF6
N2O3
Naming Binary Compounds
Binary Compound?
Metal Present?
Does the Metal form more than one cation?
Type IType II
Roman Numerals
Yes
Type IIIPrefixes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Polyatomic Ions
Ions with more than one atom typeCan be cations or anoinsSee table 5.4 p 142
Oxyanions
Contain an element combined with oxygen in different proportionsExample: NO2 and NO3
Use ite and ate respectively
Worst Case Scenario
ClO-
ClO2-
ClO3-
ClO4-
HypochloriteChloriteChloratePerchlorate
Examples
Na2CO3
CsClO3
CuNO3
FePO4
Your Turn
BaSO3
NaClO4
KMnO4
Na3PO4
Naming Acids
When dissolved in water produce a H+Common acids: Citric Acid Vinegar contains acetic acid
Rules for Naming
Does it contain oxygen?1. If it does not contain oxygen, add
the prefix hydro and the suffix acid to the element.
2. If it contains oxygen,you add the suffix ic or ous and acid.
Ate goes to icIte goes to ous
Examples
HClHCNH2S
H2SO4
H2SO3
Your Turn
HClO4
H3PO4
HNO3
HNO2
Last Slide!
You need to know tables 5.5 and 5.6All the variations of halogen acids (not just chlorine (F, Br and I)Key terms