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Nomeclature
One name for each substance, one substance for each (valid)
name
If it is a…
• The nomenclature rules depend on what type of substance. There are several systems.
1. Ionic compounds2. Covalent compounds3. Acids
If it is a…
• The nomenclature rules depend on what type of substance. There are several systems.
1. Ionic compounds—begins with a metal2. Covalent compounds—no metals3. Acids—begins with H
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• MgO• BaCl2• Na2SO3
• NiBr3
• Fe2(CrO4)3
Name the ions
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• MgO magnesium oxide• BaCl2• Na2SO3
• NiBr3
• Fe2(CrO4)3
Name the ions
Not “oxygen”
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• MgO magnesium oxide• BaCl2 barium chloride
• Na2SO3
• NiBr3
• Fe2(CrO4)3
Name the ions
Not “dichloride”
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• MgO magnesium oxide• BaCl2 barium chloride
• Na2SO3 sodium sulfite
• NiBr3
• Fe2(CrO4)3
Name the ions
Look it up!
Now, wait a minute
• Two comounds of bromine and nickel are possible.
NiBr3 and NiBr2
• You can’t call them both nickel bromide
• Transition element ions are written with a Roman numeral to show the charge.
Now, wait a minute
NiBr3 and NiBr2
• The (-) ion tells you the charge on the metal.
• 3 x -1=-3Nickel has a +3 charge
• 2 x -1=-2Nickel has a +2 charge
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• MgO magnesium oxide• BaCl2 barium chloride
• Na2SO3 sodium sulfite
• NiBr3 nickel (III) bromide
• Fe2(CrO4)3
Name the ions
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• MgO magnesium oxide• BaCl2 barium chloride
• Na2SO3 sodium sulfite
• NiBr3 nickel (III) bromide
• Fe2(CrO4)3 iron (III) chromateName the ions
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• NaBr• K2O
• (NH4)2CO3
• FeS• CrI3
Ionic compounds: Formula to name
• Name (don’t count) the ions.
• NaBr sodium bromide• K2O potassium oxide
• (NH4)2CO3 ammonium carbonate• FeS iron (II) sulfide• CrI3 chromium (III) iodide
Warnings
• Group metals (group 1 and 2 and aluminum) do not get a Roman numeral
• Count your charges to get the transition element charge. The Roman numeral is part of an ion’s name
• Watch out for Hg+2 vs Hg2+2, O-2 vs O2
-2
Ionic compounds: Name to formula
• Balance your charges
• Lithium chloride • calcium bromide • Aluminum sulfate• cobalt (II) oxide • nickel (III) nitrite
Ionic compounds: Name to formula
• Balance your charges
• Lithium chloride LiCl• calcium bromide CaBr2
• Aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3
• cobalt (II) oxide CoO• nickel (III) nitrite Ni(NO2)3
Warnings
• Use () when you double or triple a polyatomic ion
• Balance your charges
Prefixes (Back of your chart)
1. Mono-2. Di-3. Tri-4. Tetra-5. Penta-6. Hexa-7. Hepta-
8. Octo-9. Nona-10. Deca-11. Undeca-12. Dodeca-13. Trisdeca-…20. Icosa-
PS—Hydrated salts
• Hydrated salts are written with • x H20• They are named with (prefix)hydrate
• For example: Cobalt (II) chloride dihydrate = CoCl2• 2H20
Covalent compounds: Formula to name
• Name the atoms, in order, with prefixes (ends in –ide)
• N2S5
• CCl4• P2O5
• BF3
Covalent compounds: Formula to name
• Name the atoms, in order, with prefixes (ends in –ide)
• N2S5 dinitrogen pentasulfide
• CCl4 carbon tetrachloride
• P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide
• BF3 boron trifluoride
Warnings
• First element is named, second one ends in “–ide”
• An “a” or “o” is dropped from the prefix before “–oxide”
• The “mono-” prefix is omitted on the first atom
Covalent compounds: Name to formula
• Write the atoms, prefixes become subscripts
• nitrogen trichloride • Arsenic trioxide• Bromine monochloride• Xenon tetrafluoride
Covalent compounds: Name to formula
• Write the atoms, prefixes become subscripts
• nitrogen trichloride NCl3• Arsenic trioxide AsO3
• Bromine monochloride BrCl• Xenon tetrafluoride XeF4
Acids
• If the anion name then the acid name• ends in…. is…
Acids
• If the anion name then the acid name• ends in…. is…• --ide Hydro___ic acid• (hypo--) --ite Hypo___ous acid• --ite ___ous acid• --ate ___ic acid• (per--) –ate Per ___ic acid
AcidsFormula to name• HI is _________acid
• HBrO4 is _________acid
• H2CO3 is _________acid
• H2SO3 is ________acid
• HClO is ___________acid
AcidsFormula to name• HI is hydroiodic acid
• HBrO4 is perbromic acid
• H2CO3 is carbonic acid
• H2SO3 is sulfurous acid
• HClO is hypochlorous acid
Acids Name to formula
• ____is hydrocyanic acid• ____ is periodic acid
• _____ is phosphoric acid
• _____ is nitrous acid
• ____ is hypoiodous acid
Acids Name to formula
• HCN is hydrocyanic acid• HIO4 is periodic acid
• H3PO4 is phosphoric acid
• HNO2 is nitrous acid
• HIO is hypoiodous acid
What is the name?
• K2S
• CrO3
• CaSO4•2H2O
• Pb(C2H3O2)2
• CuI2
What is the name?
• K2S Potassium sulfide
• CrO3 Chromium (VI) oxide
• CaSO4•2H2O Calcium sulfate dihydrate
• Pb(C2H3O2)2 Lead (II) acetate
• CuI2 Copper (II) iodide
• Gold (I) chloride • Lithium oxide • Iron (II) cyanide • Potassium chlorate • Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate
What is the formula?
• Gold (I) chloride AuCl• Lithium oxide Li2O
• Iron (II) cyanide Fe(CN)2
• Potassium chlorate KClO3
• Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate Ni(NO3)2•6H2O
What is the formula?
• N2O3
• P4O6
• Cl2O
• XeF2
• BrF5
What is the name?
• N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
• P4O6 tetraphosphorus hexoxide
• Cl2O dichlorine monoxide
• XeF2 xenon difluoride
• BrF5 bromine pentafluoride
What is the name?
• Phosphorus trihydride• Dinitrogen monoxide • Bromine monochloride• Xenon trioxide • Iodine heptafluoride
What is the formula?
• Phosphorus trihydride PH3
• Dinitrogen monoxide N2O• Bromine monochloride BrCl• Xenon trioxide XeO3
• Iodine heptafluoride IF7
What is the formula?
• H3PO4
• H2SO3
• HClO3
• H2CrO4
• HCN
What is the name?
• H3PO4 phosphoric acid
• H2SO3 sulfurous acid
• HClO3 chloric acid
• H2CrO4 chromic acid
• HCN hydrocyanic acid
What is the name?
• Hypochlorous acid • Hydrobromic acid• Oxalic acid• Nitrous acid• Perchloric acid
What is the formula?
• Hypochlorous acid HClO• Hydrobromic acid HBr• Oxalic acid H2C2O4
• Nitrous acid HNO2
• Perchloric acid HClO4
What is the formula?
It’s a puzzlement
• What is the name?
Cu2S
CuS
It’s a puzzlement
• What is the name?
Cu2S
CuS
Do you get it?
It’s a puzzlement
• What is the name?
Cu2S
CuSCopper (I) sulfide
Copper (II) sulfide
Do you get it?
It’s a puzzlement
• What is the name?
Cu2S
CuSCopper (I) sulfide
Copper (II) sulfide
Do you get it?
• Oxygen gas • Calcium metal• Solid phosphorus• Fluorine gas• Argon gas
What is the formula?
• Oxygen gas O2
• Calcium metal Ca(s)• Solid phosphorus P4
• Fluorine gas F2
• Argon gas Ar
What is the formula?
• Mn(s) • H2
• I2
• S8
• Br2
What is the name?
• Mn(s) manganese metal• H2 hydrogen gas
• I2 solid iodine
• S8 solid sulfur
• Br2 liquid bromine
What is the name?
Name these compounds
• Common Name Chemical Formula• a. Sugar of lead Pb(C2H3O2) 2
• b. Blue vitrol CuSO4
• c. Epsom salts MgSO4•7H2O
• d. Milk of magnesia Mg(OH) 2
• e. Gypsum CaSO4
• f. Laughing gas N2O
Write the formula
• Sulfur difluoride • Sulfur hexafluoride • Sodium dihydrogen
phosphate • Lithium nitride • Chromium (III)
carbonate • Tin (II) fluoride
• Ammonium acetate • Ammonium hydrogen
sulfate • Cobalt (III) nitrate • Mercury (I) chloride • Potassium chlorate • Sodium hydride
What is the name?
NaCl RbBr CsF AlI3 HI NO
NF3 N2F4 N2Cl2 SiF4
H2Se HNO3 HNO2
H3PO4 H3PO3 NaHSO4 Ca(HSO3)2 Ru(NO3)3 V2O5