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Non-Coelomate Animals
Porifera
• Simplest metazoan
• Cell level of organization– Few cell types– No true tissues
• Feed on material suspended in water
• Motile as larva - sessile as adult
Pores• Ostia– Small pores– Water inlets– Multiple ostia lead to canal system
• Osculum– Large pores– Water outlets– Certain forms have more than one
Canal Structure
Four Types of Sponge Cells
Spicules
Hexactinellida – Glass Sponge
DemospongiaeLeuconoid
Forms
DemospongiaeLeuconoid Forms
Radiates
• Radial symmetry
• Tissue level organization
• Two germ layers– Ectoderm and endoderm
• Nerve net (simple nervous system)
• Extracellular digestion
Radiate Phyla
• Cnidaria • Ctenophore
Phylum Cnidaria
• Two forms– Polyp– Medusa
• Tentacles
• Nematocyst
Polyp and Medusa Forms
Hydra Tissue Structure
Obelia Life Cycle
Zoantharian Coral
• Calcium carbonate exoskeleton secreted externally from base
• Contain mutualistic zooxanthallae algae
• Live in colonies• Hexamerous symmetry
Medusa
Hydra
Sea Anemone
Soft Corals
Coral Polyps
Phylum Ctenophora
• Comb Jellies
• Move using cilia– Comb plates
• Do not have nematocysts– Colloblasts capture food
Predatory Comb Jellies Approaching Prey
Predatory Comb Jelly Engulfing a Comb Jelly
Comb Jelly After a Meal
Acoelomate Phyla
• Platyhelminthes– Flat worms
• Nemertea– Ribbon worms
• Gnathostomulida– Jaw worms
Why bilateral symmetry?
Movement toward prey or host– Cephalization– Directional sense organs
• Chemoreceptors
• Ocelli (light sensing eyespots)
• Rheoreceptors (sense water currents)
Acoelomates Key Features• Three germ layers
– Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm– Mesoderm forms muscle and mesenchyme
• Organ-system level of organization– Cephalization– Excretory system– Some have circulatory and one-way alimentary
canal
Acoelomates Body Plan
Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Examples– Planaria – freeliving– Liver Flukes – endoparasite– Tape Worms - endoparasite
Planaria• Eye spots (Ocelli)
• Auricles - chemoreceptors
Liver Fluke – Digenetic Life Cycle
Liver Damage Caused By Flukes
• Scar tissue• Blocked bile ducts
Tape Worm – Digenetic Life Cycle
Tapeworm
• New proglottids are added just behind the scolex
Pseudocoelomates
• Pseudocoel– Mesoderm muscle lined ectoderm
• Complete digestive tract
• Organs are within pseudocoel
Coelom
Phylum Nematoda
• Found everywhere
• Use pseudocoel as a hydrostatic skeleton– Collagen cuticle– Longitudinal muscles
• Free living and parasites
• Dioecious
Nematode Body Plan
Nematode Parasites• Ascaris (roundworms)
– Found in intestine and lung.
• Hookworms– Attach to intestine and suck blood.
• Trichina worm– Forms cysts in muscle
– Causes trichinosis
• Pinworms– Males are haploid, females diploid
– Live in large intestine
• Filarial worms– Live in lymphatic system
Caenorhabditis elegans
• Extensively using in genetic and animal development research
• Lineage of each cells is know and documented
• Whole genome is cloned and sequenced
Dirofilaria immitis• Dog and cat heart worm
• Transmitted through mosquitoes
• Most common in dogs
• Infects heart and lungs
Brugia malayi
• Causes Elephantitis
• Swelling and blockage of lymph ducts cause massive swelling in late stages