Non-Ferrous AlloysME-02 – Material Science & Metallurgy

150010119075 – Pinkal Patel

150010119078 – Ronak Patel

150010119081 – Yash Patel

Guided by: Prof. D. J. Darji

Non-Ferrous Alloys• As the name suggests, the material which do not contain

iron as major element are known as Non - Ferrous materials.

1.Aluminium

2.Copper

3.Tin

4.Lead

5.Magnesium

6.Zinc

7.Titanium• And alloys of these metals.

Aluminium & aluminium alloys Pure Al Al-alloys Powder aluminium

Deformable Cast alloys alloys

Heat- Non heat- Heat- Non heat- treatable treatable treatable treatable

Partial solubility

Nosolubility

Partial solubility

Nosolubility

Aluminium alloys Solubility1) Al-Cu-Mg-alloys (duraluminium) Cu → 5,7%

2) Al-Cu-Mg-Si-alloys (forgable) Mg → 14,9%

3) Al-Mg-Si-alloys (corrosion resistance)

4) Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-alloys (high strength)

5) Al-Cu-Mg-Ni-Fe-alloys (heat resistance)

Rm → 500 N/mm2; Rp0,2 → 390 N/mm2; A → 25%

Copper and copper alloys

Pure Cu Cu-alloys

Brasses Bronzes Cupronickels

Deformable Cast Deformable Cast

alloys alloys alloys alloys

• Moderate strength in the pure state

• Malleable and ductile• Very good electrical and thermal

conductor

• Good corrosion resistance• Alloys with Zinc to give brass• Alloys with Tin and others to

make bronze

Copper alloys

Cu-Ni alloys (→ 50% Ni)- permanent CTE

(constantan) – 45% Ni- corrosion resistant

(Ni+Fe+Mn) – 30% Ni

Cu with other elements - bronzes - Cu-Sn (tin bronzes) - Cu-Sn-P (phosphor bronzes) - Cu-Pb (lead bronzes) - Cu-Al (aluminium bronzes)

Cu - 25% Ni (coin melhior, cupronickel)Cu - 10-20% Ni + 20-35% Zn (new silver, alpaca)

-Cu-Si (silicon bronzes)-Cu-Be (beryllium bronzes)

Lead and lead alloys

• High Density• Corrosion Resistant• Malleable, but not ductile• Very soft and weak

Magnesium and magnesium alloys

Pure Mg Tm – 649 °C

Density – 1740 kg/m3 (lightest among the engineering materials)

Mg-alloys - Mg – Mn (up to 2,5 %)- Mg – Al – Zn (up to 10 % Al, 5 % Zn)

Heat treatment of Mg-alloysSimilar to Al-alloys

Quenching + age hardening (NA, AA → MgZn2, Mg4Al3 jt) → Rm ↑ 20 … 30 %

Magnesium alloysDesignation• deformable (ex MgMn2)• cast alloys (ex designation MCMgAl8 / material No. MC21110)

Deformable Mg-alloys

Mg cast alloys (EN173)

Designation Rm Rp0,2

N/mm2

A%

Applications

MgMn2MgAl8Zn

200 145310 215

156

Corrosion resistant, weldable cold formable; conteiners, car , aircraft and machine manufacturing

MCMgAl8Zn1MCMgAl6MCMgAl4Si

240 90190-250 120-150200-250 120-150

84-143-12

Good castability. Dynamically loadable. Car and aircraft manufacturing.

Zinc and zinc alloysPure Zn Tm – 419 °CDensity – 7140 kg/m3Good corrosion resistance

Zn- alloys ____________________________________Zn – Al Precision casting materialZn – Al – Cu Bearing alloy material

Designation Material No.ex ZnAl8Cu1 ZP0810

Z – Zn-alloy P – casting first two numbers – Al%, 3. ─ Cu%, 4.–T- rest

• No structural engineering uses in pure state• Used as sacrificial anodes to protect steel.• Used as an alloy with copper to produce brass• Used to corrosion coat steel by:

• Galvanising or• Plating

Zinc cast alloys

Designation Rm

N/mm2

Rpo,2

N/mm2

A%

HB Application

ZnAl4(ZP3)

280 200 10 83 Excellent castability,

ZnAl4Cu1(ZP5)

330 250 5 92 machinability;

ZnAl8Cu1(ZP8)

370 220 8 100 Universal applications:

ZnAl11Cu1(ZP12)

400 300 5 100 deep-draw and blow molds for plastics

ZnAl27Cu2(ZP27)

425 300 2,5 120

Titanium and titanium alloysPure Ti Tm – 1660 °C

Density – 4540 kg/m3

Very active to O, C, N → 2x hardnes increaseTi-alloys, classification Ti – Al – alloys (4…6 % Al) – α-alloys Ti – Al – Cr, V, Cu, Mo - alloys – α + β-alloys Ti – Al – Mo, Cr, Zr - alloys – β-alloysHeat treatment of TialloysHeating up to β-area (850…950 °C) and cooling → martensitictransformation.Ageing (450…600 °C) – max effect by β-stabilisators (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Si)Additional heat treatment – nitriding (750…900 HV)

Titanium alloys

Designation HB Rm

N/mm2

Rpo,2

N/mm2

A%

Applications

Ti 1…3 120-170

290-590

180-320

30-18

Weldable, machinable and cold formable.

Ti1Pd, Ti2 Pd

120-150

290-540

180-250

30-22

Corrosion resistant light constructions.

TiAl6V4 310 900-920

830-870

8 Machine elements in medicine, food,

ZnAL11Cu1(ZP12)

350 ≥ 1050 1050 9 chemical and aircraft industry.

Advantages:• highest specific strength • good formabilityDisadvantages:• need for a protective atmosphere at HT (Ar)• problematically casted (reacting with ladle material, ZrO2 must be used)

References

• www.wikipedia.org• www.altonmaterials.com• Material Science and Engineering by Callister