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Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

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Electrical Steel Non Oriented Fully Processed ASTM grades
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Page 1: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

Electrical SteelNon OrientedFully ProcessedASTM grades

Page 2: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

2

Registered trademarks

SURALAC® is a trademark used to describe the insulation applied toCogent fully processed non-oriented electrical steels.

Introduction

The range of non-oriented fully processed electrical steels is producedby Cogent Power Ltd at Surahammars Bruks AB in Sweden andOrb Electrical Steels Ltd in the UK. This publication describes that rangewith data relating mainly to products manufactured at SurahammarsBruks AB. These products comply with the latest specifications of theAmerican Society for Testing and Materials, the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission and the European Committee forStandardization.

ContentsPage

Introduction 2Quality assurance 3Environmental management system 3Research and development 3Customer service 3Quality logging system 4Guaranteed magnetic properties at 60 Hz 5Typical magnetic properties at 60 Hz 6Typical core loss at 50 Hz 7Typical physical and mechanical properties 8Conventional density 8Dimensions, ranges and tolerances 9Coatings 10SURALAC® Coatings 11National and international standards 12Comparison of grades and standards 13Conversion factors 13Stress relief annealing 14Applications 14Typical data tables 15-24Thin NO for medium to high frequencies 25Coil weight and outside diameter 26

Page 3: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

Research and development

The Technical, Research and DevelopmentGroup of Cogent, (TR&D) will providetechnical leadership with expertise andinnovation skills. TR&D will design anddevelop improved products, processes andengineering applications, working withcustomers in developing optimum technicalsolutions. TR&D specialises in thedevelopment of enhanced and new non-oriented fully processed grades, for examplehigher frequency grades and improvedcoatings.

Customer service

The Technical, Research and DevelopmentGroup of Cogent Power Ltd is pleased to offera full consultancy service which is available tocustomers who require specialist technical datathat may not be included in this brochure.

3

Environmental managementsystemSurahammars Bruks AB and Orb ElectricalSteels Ltd both recognise that the protectionof the environment is a key priority of thecompany and this ideal is fully integrated intoall aspects of the electrical steel business.Management Systems of SurahammarsBruks AB and Orb Electrical Steels Ltd havebeen approved by Lloyd’s Register QualityAssurance to the Environmental ManagementSystem Standard EN ISO 14001 applicable tothe manufacture of electrical steels.

Quality assurance

The products described in this brochurerepresent the latest stage in the developmentof non-oriented fully processed electrical steels.They are subjected to rigorous quality controlprocedures throughout the processing routes.The quality management systems of OrbElectrical Steels Ltd and SurahammarsBruks AB are approved by Lloyd’s RegisterQuality Assurance Limited to the QualityManagement System StandardsEN ISO 9001/9002 (respectively) applicableto the manufacture of electrical steels.

Page 4: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

Quality logging system

Cogent Power Ltd is continuously developingprocessing systems to provide customers withproducts of enhanced quality. A part of thisdevelopment is the unique, computerized,quality logging system at SurahammarsBruks AB, based on continuous monitoring ofthe processing variables. Large quantities ofmeasured data for each coil are stored in adatabase and are available on demand ingraphical or numerical form.

A computer on each production line collectsand displays process information to the lineoperators. Parameters such as line speed,furnace temperatures and continuous stripthickness are continuously logged. Included inthe system is a continuous measurement ofloss along the length of the annealed strip.Although this is not an absolute andstandardised method, it provides valuableinformation on the quality of the material.

The logged data is instantly available for usersin, for example, Production, Maintenance,Quality and TR&D departments so that lineperformance and product quality can beanalysed in order to improve the processesand products. The general structure of thesystem also makes it possible to collate datasuch as hot rolling parameters from feedstocksuppliers. The flexibility of the system enablesthe user to perform anything from an instantcheck on the quality of a particular coil to adetailed analysis over a large number of coilsand their processing parameters.

Annealing and coating line

Cold rolling mill

Office and plant PC network

Server

Annealing and pickling line

4

Page 5: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

GradeASTMA677

36F135* M235-35A 0.0140 1.3536F145 M-15 M250-35A 0.0140 1.4536F155 M-191) M270-35A 0.0140 1.5536F175 M-271) M300-35A 0.0140 1.7536F185 M-361) M330-35A 0.0140 1.85

47F145* M250-50A 0.0185 1.4547F155* M270-50A 0.0185 1.5547F165 M-151) M290-50A 0.0185 1.6547F180 M-221) M310-50A 0.0185 1.8047F190 M-27 M330-50A 0.0185 1.9047F200 M-361) M350-50A 0.0185 2.0047F240 M-431) M400-50A 0.0185 2.4047F280 M-45 M470-50A 0.0185 2.8047F340* M600-50A 0.0185 3.40

64F190* M330-65A 0.0250 1.9064F200 M-191) M350-65A 0.0250 2.0064F235 M-361) M400-65A 0.0250 2.3564F275 M-431) M470-65A 0.0250 2.7564F320 M-45 M530-65A 0.0250 3.2064F400* M700-65A 0.0250 4.00

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.1) The guaranteed loss of the grade differs from the old AISI standard.

Guaranteed magnetic properties at 60 Hz

Cogent non-oriented fully processed electricalsteels are graded according to ASTM A677.A comparison with previous designations andother international standards is included onpage 15.

The measurement of specific core loss is

performed according to the 25 cm Epsteinframe method described in ASTM A343.Half of the sample strips are taken in therolling direction and half in the transversedirection. Samples are not stress relief annea-led after shearing.

5

GradeASTMA677

OldAISI

grade

ClosestEN 10106

grade

Nominalthickness

inch

Core loss at 60 Hz

1.5 T MaximumW/lb

Page 6: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

36F135* 1.26 0.51 610 10 1.53 1.64 1.76 3536F145 M-15 1.32 0.55 660 10 1.53 1.64 1.76 4036F155 M-191) 1.39 0.56 700 10 1.54 1.65 1.77 4036F175 M-271) 1.48 0.62 830 10 1.55 1.65 1.78 4536F185 M-361) 1.66 0.68 860 10 1.56 1.66 1.78 45

47F145* 1.37 0.59 740 10 1.55 1.64 1.77 3047F155* 1.45 0.62 770 10 1.55 1.64 1.77 3047F165 M-151) 1.51 0.66 800 10 1.56 1.65 1.78 3547F180 M-221) 1.63 0.71 970 10 1.57 1.66 1.79 4047F190 M-27 1.75 0.74 1000 10 1.58 1.67 1.79 4047F200 M-361) 1.81 0.76 1020 9 1.58 1.67 1.79 4547F240 M-431) 1.97 0.84 1070 9 1.58 1.67 1.79 5047F280 M-45 2.32 1.02 1070 6 1.58 1.67 1.79 6047F340* 2.96 1.33 1660 6 1.63 1.72 1.83 85

64F190* 1.80 0.76 850 8 1.56 1.66 1.78 4064F200 M-191) 1.91 0.82 990 8 1.58 1.67 1.79 4064F235 M-361) 2.15 0.92 1050 7 1.58 1.68 1.79 4564F275 M-431) 2.40 1.05 1130 6 1.59 1.68 1.80 5064F320 M-45 2.55 1.10 1150 4 1.59 1.68 1.80 6064F400* 3.44 1.52 1740 3 1.64 1.73 1.84 85

AgeingMagnetic test samples are given a rapid

ageing treatment by heating at 437°F ±9°F fora duration of 24 hours and cooling to ambienttemperature before testing, according toEuropean and International standards.

All typical data refer to aged samples.

Typical magnetic properties at 60 Hz

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.1) The guaranteed loss of the grade differs from the old AISI standard.

6

Cogent non-oriented fully processed electricalsteels are free from magnetic ageing.

Ageing, or the increase of power loss withtime, is caused by an excessive carbon contentin the steel. The carbon content is continuouslymonitored by state-of-the-art analyticalequipment to ensure freedom from ageing.

GradeASTMA677

OldAISI

grade

Relativepermeability

at 60 Hz

Core loss at 60 Hz

1.5 TW/lb

1.0 TW/lb

Anisotropyof loss

Magnetic polarization at 60 Hz

2500T

5000T

10 000 A/mT%

H=

Coercivity(DC)

A/m

Page 7: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

36F135* 1.09 2.40 1.02 2.2536F145 M-15 1.17 2.58 1.07 2.3536F155 M-191) 1.25 2.76 1.12 2.4736F175 M-271) 1.41 3.10 1.19 2.6236F185 M-361) 1.48 3.26 1.33 2.93

47F145* 1.14 2.52 1.08 2.3847F155* 1.22 2.69 1.14 2.5247F165 M-151) 1.30 2.86 1.19 2.6247F180 M-221) 1.42 3.12 1.28 2.8347F190 M-27 1.50 3.30 1.37 3.0347F200 M-361) 1.57 3.47 1.42 3.1447F240 M-431) 1.89 4.17 1.55 3.4247F280 M-45 2.22 4.89 1.84 4.0547F340* 2.69 5.94 2.35 5.17

64F190* 1.46 3.21 1.38 3.0464F200 M-191) 1.53 3.38 1.47 3.2364F235 M-361) 1.81 3.98 1.65 3.6364F275 M-431) 2.11 4.65 1.84 4.0664F320 M-45 2.48 5.46 1.97 4.3564F400* 3.10 6.83 2.67 5.88

7

Grade Old AISI Core loss at 1.5 T and 50 HzASTM grade Maximum2) TypicalA677 W/lb W/kg W/lb W/kg

Typical core loss at 50 HzW/lb and W/kg at J = 1.5 T^

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.1) The guaranteed loss of the grade differs from the old AISI standard.2) The maximum loss values are given as indicative.

Page 8: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

For test purposes, conventional densities inthe table above are used. These are accordingto European and International standards.

Typical physical and mechanical properties

8

36F135* 7.60 59 66700 84100 2.68·107 2.90·107 220 7336F145 M-15 7.60 55 65900 83300 2.68·107 2.90·107 215 7236F155 M-191) 7.65 52 65200 81900 2.68·107 2.90·107 215 7236F175 M-271) 7.65 50 53600 71000 2.68·107 2.90·107 185 6836F185 M-361) 7.65 44 43500 62300 2.90·107 3.19·107 150 62

47F145* 7.60 59 68800 85500 2.54·107 2.75·107 220 7347F155* 7.60 55 68100 84800 2.54·107 2.75·107 220 7347F165 M-151) 7.60 55 67400 84100 2.68·107 2.90·107 220 7347F180 M-221) 7.65 52 55800 72500 2.68·107 2.90·107 190 6947F190 M-27 7.65 50 54300 71700 2.68·107 2.90·107 185 6847F200 M-361) 7.65 44 44200 65200 2.90·107 3.04·107 165 6547F240 M-431) 7.70 42 44200 64500 2.90·107 3.04·107 160 6447F280 M-45 7.70 39 43500 63000 2.90·107 3.04·107 155 6347F340* 7.75 30 41300 58700 3.04·107 3.19·107 125 55

64F190* 7.60 55 66700 84800 2.68·107 2.97·107 220 7364F200 M-191) 7.60 52 54300 71000 2.68·107 2.97·107 185 6864F235 M-361) 7.65 44 44900 65200 2.68·107 2.97·107 165 6564F275 M-431) 7.65 42 44200 64500 2.68·107 2.97·107 160 6464F320 M-45 7.70 39 43500 61600 2.75·107 3.04·107 145 6164F400* 7.75 30 42000 57200 3.04·107 3.19·107 125 55

GradeASTMA677

OldAISI

grade

Yieldstrength

Conventionaldensity

Resistivity Tensilestrength

Young’s modulus

RDpsi

TDpsi

HV5

Hardness

HR30TpsipsiµΩ·cmg/cm3

Conventional density

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.1) The guaranteed loss of the grade differs from the old AISI standard.

RDRDRDRDRD represents the rolling direction.TD TD TD TD TD represents the transverse direction.

Values for Yield strength Yield strength Yield strength Yield strength Yield strength (0,2% proof strength)and Tensile strengthTensile strengthTensile strengthTensile strengthTensile strength are given for the rolling direction.Values for the transverse direction are approximately 5% higher.

Page 9: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

Dimensions, ranges and tolerances

Maximum coil weight and OD

Maximum coil weight is 44000 lbor 1121 lb per inch coil width 2).Maximum coil outside diameter is 72.8 inch 2).

Dimensions

Cogent non-oriented fully processed electricalsteels are supplied as slit coils or cut sheet inthe following thicknesses and widths:

Nominal Max. width Maximumthickness for slit coils sheet

and sheets length inch inch inch

0.0140 46.1 137.80.0185 49.2 137.80.0250 49.2 137.8

Internal coil diameter

Internal coil diameter is nominally 20 inch.

0.0140 +/-0.0015 0.0138 +/-0.0011 +0.0003/-0.00070.0185 +/-0.0015 0.0197 +/-0.0016 +0.0004/-0.00100.0250 +/-0.0020 0.0256 +/-0.0015 +0.0005/-0.0012

Over Up to and Widthincluding tolerance

inch inch inch0.4 5.9 0/+0.0085.9 11.8 0/+0.012

11.8 23.6 0/+0.02023.6 39.3 0/+0.03939.3 49.2 0/+0.059

Coil width special tolerances

Over Up to and Widthincluding tolerance

inch inch inch0.4 11.8 ±0.003

11.8 23.6 ±0.00823.6 49.2 ±0,012

Cut length tolerances3)

Alternative tolerancesThese may be possible for specific orders.

Minimum sheet length 15.7 inch

Coil width standard tolerances1)

9

Typical thickness variation 4)

1) Tolerances according to European Standard, which also fulfils requirementsaccording to ASTM A677.

2) A nomogram on page 25 shows the coil weight as a function of outsidediameter and strip width.

3) Tolerances according to European Standard, which also fulfils requirementsaccording to ASTM A677 (except for cut lengths between 25.2 inch and30.0 inch as can be seen from the table).

4) The European nominal thicknesses are conversions from metric: 0.0138 inch = 0.35 mm, 0.0197 inch = 0.50 mm, 0.0256 inch = 0.65 mm

where the strip is rolled to European standards. Sura’s control of thicknesstolerances is more stringent than ASTM A677 resulting in final products forthicknesses 0.0140 inch and 0.0250 inch remaining within specification. Thenominal metric version of the 0.0185 inch thickness however, can be at aminimal variance. Sura's control of this variance gives a likelihood of less than5% in terms of number of coils outside the ASTM + tolerance and no coilsoutside +0.0020 inch of the ASTM nominal thickness.

Geometric characteristicsCogent non-oriented, fully processed electricalsteels meet all the requirements on taper,camber and flatness specified in ASTM A677.

Over

inch

Up to andincluding

inch

15.7 30 +0.125/-0 -0/+0.530 60 +0.250/-0 -0/+0.5 (or max 6 mm)60 96 +0.500/-0 -0/+0.5 (or max 6 mm)96 120 +0.750/-0 -0/+0.5 (or max 6 mm)

120 144 +1.000/-0 -0/+0.5 (or max 6 mm)

ASTM A677length tolerance

inch

European tolerance

inch

ASTM A677nominalthickness

inch

ASTM A677tolerance

inch

Europeannominalthickness

inch

European length tolerance

%

Cogent Sura typical variation

inch

Page 10: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

Coatings

The surface of Cogent non-oriented fullyprocessed electrical steel is clean, smooth and hasa very thin layer of oxide. To improve surfaceinsulation resistance, grades are normally suppliedwith insulating coatings. Coatings have differingproperties and the thickness can be varied,normally ranging from 40 to 120 µinch.

All coatings have excellent adherence and

will withstand normal punching operations.Cogent coatings provide some corrosionresistance and have only a marginal effect onstacking factor.

The schematic diagrams below provide anindication of how coating properties are relatedand how they depend upon thickness and typeof coating.

Principles of roll coating. Coating thickness dependson pressure between two rolls.

Coating properties

10

Insulationresistance

Coating thickness

Weldability

Coating thickness

Punchability

Organic

Semi-organic

Inorganic

WeldabilityNumber of stamped laminations

Organic

Semi-organic

Inorganic

Burr heightUncoated

Increasedinorganiccontent

Increasedorganiccontent

Page 11: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

SURALAC® Coatings

Designation SURALAC 1000 SURALAC 3000 SURALAC 5000 SURALAC 7000 Type Organic Organic with Semi-organic Inorganic

fillersDescription Organic Organic synthetic Organic resin with Inorganic phosphate

synthetic resin resin with phosphates and based coating withinorganic fillers sulphates inorganic fillers and

some organic resinPrevious designation C-3 C-6 S-3 C-4 / C-5

Class acc ASTM A976 C-3 C-6 - C-4 / C-5 1)

Thickness range per side 25-235 µinch 135 - 235 µinch 25 - 45 µinch 25 - 135 µinch

Standard thickness 100 µinch 235 µinch 45 µinch 60 µinch

Colour Clear to brown Grey Brown to grey Grey

Temperature capability 355 °F 355 °F 390 °F 445 °Fin air (continuous)

Temperature capability 840 °F 930 °F 930°F 1560 °Fin inert gas (intermittent)

Withstands:Stress relief annealing2) – – – YESBurn-out repair – YES – YESAluminium casting YES YES YES YES

Chemical resistance:Stamping lubricants 3) YES YES YES YESTransformer oils YES YES YES YESFreon YES YES YES YES

Typical pencil hardness 8 - 9 H 8 - 9 H 8 - 9 H 9 H

Please note that all data are typical, not guaranteed.1) SURALAC 7000 is classified as a C-5 coating

however it can be used as a C-4 coating.2) Stress relief annealing in inert or preferably in slightly

oxidising atmosphere.3) Testing includes all lubricants notified to Cogent.

New lubricants may need special consideration.4) exc= excellent, good= good, mod= moderate, spec=

special precautions/techniques needed.

Typical thickness,µinch per side 25 100 235 135 235 25 45 25 60 135

Typical welding 4) good spec spec spec spec exc exc exc good mod

Typical punching 4) exc exc good good mod good exc good good mod

Surface insulationresistance(Franklin ASTM A 717):Typical value,Ω·cm2 per lamination 5 100 >200 >200 >200 5 20 5 50 >200

Typical value,Amperes per side 0.55 0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.55 0.25 0.55 0.11 <0.03

11

Page 12: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

12

National and international standards

ASTM American Society for Testing and MaterialsAISI American Iron and Steel InstituteEN European StandardIEC International Electrotechnical CommissionJIS Japanese Industrial StandardGOST National Standard of the USSR

Electrical steels are designated according tothe guaranteed maximum core loss at a peakmagnetization of 1.5 T and 60 Hz.

In the table on page 13, Cogents’ presentgrades are compared with previousdesignations and International standards.

Standards usually include other magneticrequirements (eg for minimum magneticpolarization). Such requirements are excludedin this comparison.

AISI standards for electrical steels expiredmany years ago, but the designations of theold AISI standard are still frequently used andtherefore included in the comparison onpage 13.

The European standard EN 10106 hasbeen implemented as National Standard in allcountries of the European Union, as well as inIceland, Norway and Switzerland.

Many national and international standardsare based on metric units and a test frequencyof 50 Hz. There is no exact conversion of lossdata from 60 Hz to 50 Hz, but the followingapproximate relationships may be used forlosses at 1.5 T:

European and other metric standardthicknesses differ from the American standard,particularly at 0.0185 inch (please refer topage 9 for further information):

AmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmerican0.0140 inch (0.36 mm)0.0185 inch (0.47 mm)0.0250 inch (0.64 inch)

= 0.56 (for 0.0140 inch grades)= 0.57 (for 0.0185 inch grades)= 0.59 (for 0.0250 inch grades)

MetricMetricMetricMetricMetric0.0138 inch (0.35 mm)0.0197 inch (0.50 mm)0.0256 inch (0.65 mm)

(W/lb at 60 Hz)

(W/kg at 50 Hz)

Page 13: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

13

Core loss Old AISI standard1.5 T Cogent grade EN 10106 Core loss IEC JIS GOST Previous60 Hz ASTM A677 grade core loss 1.5 T. 60 Hz 60404-8-4 C2552 21427.2 Cogent gradeW/lb (1999) W/lb (1995) W/lb (1998) (2000) (1983) (1987)

1.35 36F135* M235-35A 1.35 M235-35A5 (35A230) (CK-27)

1.45 36F145 M-15 1.45 (M250-35A) 1.42 (M250-35A5) (35A250) (2413) (CK-30)

1.55 36F155 (M-19) 1.58 (M270-35A) 1.52 (M270-35A5) (35A270) (2412) (CK-33)

1.75 36F175 (M-27) 1.80 (M300-35A) 1.70 (M300-35A5) (35A300) (2411) (CK-37)

1.85 36F185 (M-36) 1.90 M330-35A 1.87 M330-35A5 CK-40

1.45 47F145* M250-50A 1.46 M250-50A5 50A250

1.55 47F155* M270-50A 1.57 M270-50A5 50A270 2414 CK-26

1.65 47F165 (M-15) 1.68 (M290-50A) 1.68 (M290-50A5) (50A290) (2413) (CK-27)

1.80 47F180 (M-22) 1.85 M310-50A 1.79 M310-50A5 50A310 2412 CK-30

1.90 47F190 M-27 1.90 M330-50A 1.91 M330-50A5 CK-33

2.00 47F200 (M-36) 2.05 M350-50A 2.02 M350-50A5 50A350 (2411) CK-37

2.40 47F240 (M-43) 2.30 (M400-50A) 2.31 (M400-50A5) (50A400) (2216) (CK-40)

2.80 47F280 M-45 2.80 (M470-50A) 2.68 (M470-50A5) (50A470) (2214) (CK-44)

3.40 47F340* M600-50A 3.42 M600-50A5 50A600 2112 DK-66

1.90 64F190* (M330-65A) 1.95 (M330-65A5)

2.00 64F200 (M-19) 2.08 (M350-65A) 2.07 (M350-65A5)

2.35 64F235 (M-36) 2.40 M400-65A 2.36 M400-65A5 CK-37

2.75 64F275 (M-43) 2.70 (M470-65A) 2.78 (M470-65A5) (CK-40)

3.20 64F320 M-45 3.20 (M530-65A) 3.10 (M530-65A5) (CK-44)

4.00 64F400* (M700-65A) 4.07 (M700-65A5) (DK-66)

Comparison of grades and standards

* These grades do not appear in the standard ASTM A677.Note: A designation within brackets, eg (M19) indicates approximate equivalence.

Conversion factors1 Tesla (T) = 1 Weber/m2 (Wb/m2) = 10000 Gauss = 64.5 kilolines/sq.in.

1 A/m = 0.01 A/cm = 0.0254 A/in = 0.01257 Oersted

1 W/lb = 2.205 W/kg (at the same frequency)

1 VA/lb = 2.205 VA/kg (at the same frequency)

1 N/mm2 (MPa) = 145.0 psi (lbs/sq.in.)

1 inch = 25.4 mm

1 kg = 2.20 lbs

Page 14: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

14

Stress zones at the cut edge (section).

Stress zoneDeformation zone

Stress relief annealing

Cogent non-oriented fully processed electricalsteels are supplied finally annealed with fullydeveloped magnetic properties and arenormally used without stress relief annealing.

Applications

Cogent grades cover a wide range ofproperties. Since the materials are fullyprocessed the properties are fully developedin the ‘as supplied’ condition. From themagnetic viewpoint, different grades arecharacterised, primarily, by values of powerloss and permeability. An increasing alloycontent (mainly silicon and aluminium)increases electrical resistivity of the steel andthus reduces power loss. On the other hand,an increased alloy content results in reducedmagnetic saturation and reduced permeabilityat medium and high field strengths(H >1000 A/m).

Generally, higher permeability is moreimportant for smaller machines whereaspower losses are of greater importance forlarge machines. Grades of lower alloy contentwith higher losses, higher permeability andlower cost, are therefore mainly used for smallmachines. Grades of high alloy content withlow losses, lower permeability and higher costare used for large machines. There are,however, many exceptions to this.

The table lists examples of suitable Cogent grades for various applications.

Large size rotating machinesMedium size rotating machinesSmall size rotating machinesHermetic motorsSmall power transformersWelding transformersFluorescent lamp ballastsMeters

47F340

64F400

47F240 –47F340

64F235 –64F400

Inner cover

Oil seal

Furnace bell

Sand seal

Laminations

Batch annealing

Heating zone

Cooling zone

Laminations

Conveyer rollers

Roller hearth annealing

To make best use of low core loss of thesteel, edge deformation zones and burrsshould be minimised during the laminatingprocess by using sharp tools, preferably thosewhich are highly wear-resistant such astungsten carbide. The additional cost ofannealing for improvement of magneticproperties can normally only be justified forvery narrow laminations.

Some aspects of stress relief annealingprocedures are given in the Cogent GrainOriented electrical steels brochure. For stressrelief annealing, uncoated or SURALAC 7000coated steel should be used. 36F135 –

36F185

47F145 –47F200

64F190 –64F200

Page 15: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

15

Grade ASTM A677

36F135*36F145

36F155

36F17536F185

47F145*47F155*

47F165

47F18047F190

47F200

47F24047F280

47F340*

64F190*

64F20064F235

64F275

64F32064F400*

Typical data tables

The following pages contain data to showtypical magnetic characteristics of Cogentgrades from Surahammars Bruks AB.

Grade ASTM A677

36F135*36F14536F15536F17536F185

47F145*47F155*47F16547F18047F19047F200

Core loss dataCore loss dataCore loss dataCore loss dataCore loss datapages 16-17pages 16-17pages 16-17pages 16-17pages 16-17

A.C. MagnetisationA.C. MagnetisationA.C. MagnetisationA.C. MagnetisationA.C. Magnetisationpages 20-21pages 20-21pages 20-21pages 20-21pages 20-21

Specific exciting powerSpecific exciting powerSpecific exciting powerSpecific exciting powerSpecific exciting powerpages 18-19pages 18-19pages 18-19pages 18-19pages 18-19

High frequency core loss dataHigh frequency core loss dataHigh frequency core loss dataHigh frequency core loss dataHigh frequency core loss datapages 22-24pages 22-24pages 22-24pages 22-24pages 22-24

Page 16: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

16

Typical core loss data, W/lb at 60 Hz

ThicknessThicknessThicknessThicknessThicknessmmmmmmmmmm

Specific total loss, W/kg at 50 Hz and a magnetic polarization J(T) oSpecific total loss, W/kg at 50 Hz and a magnetic polarization J(T) oSpecific total loss, W/kg at 50 Hz and a magnetic polarization J(T) oSpecific total loss, W/kg at 50 Hz and a magnetic polarization J(T) oSpecific total loss, W/kg at 50 Hz and a magnetic polarization J(T) oOldAISI

grade

36F135*

36F145

36F155

36F175

36F185

47F145*

47F155*

47F165

47F180

47F190

47F200

47F240

47F280

47F340*

64F190*

64F200

64F235

64F275

64F320

64F400*

GradeASTMA677 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90

0.0140 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.16 0.21 0.28 0.34 0.43

M-15 0.0140 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.17 0.23 0.29 0.37 0.45

M-191) 0.0140 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.17 0.24 0.30 0.38 0.46

M-271) 0.0140 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.27 0.34 0.43 0.52

M-361) 0.0140 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.15 0.22 0.29 0.37 0.46 0.57

0.0185 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.17 0.24 0.31 0.40 0.49

0.0185 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.13 0.19 0.26 0.33 0.42 0.52

M-151) 0.0185 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.14 0.21 0.28 0.36 0.45 0.55

M-221) 0.0185 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.15 0.23 0.30 0.39 0.49 0.59

M-27 0.0185 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.16 0.23 0.31 0.40 0.51 0.62

M-361) 0.0185 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.16 0.24 0.32 0.42 0.52 0.64

M-431) 0.0185 0.02 0.05 0.11 0.18 0.26 0.35 0.46 0.57 0.70

M-45 0.0185 0.02 0.05 0.13 0.21 0.31 0.43 0.55 0.68 0.85

0.0185 0.02 0.09 0.18 0.30 0.44 0.58 0.74 0.92 1.11

0.0250 0.01 0.04 0.09 0.15 0.22 0.31 0.41 0.51 0.63

M-191) 0.0250 0.01 0.04 0.10 0.17 0.24 0.34 0.44 0.55 0.68

M-361) 0.0250 0.02 0.06 0.11 0.19 0.28 0.38 0.49 0.62 0.76

M-431) 0.0250 0.02 0.06 0.12 0.21 0.30 0.43 0.56 0.70 0.87

M-45 0.0250 0.03 0.06 0.13 0.22 0.33 0.45 0.58 0.74 0.91

0.0250 0.03 0.10 0.20 0.33 0.48 0.64 0.82 1.02 1.26

Thickness

inch

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.1) The guaranteed loss of the grade differs from the old AISI standard.

Core loss, W/lb at 60 Hz and magnetic polarization J (T) of^

Page 17: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

17

ofofofofofCore loss, W/lb at 60 Hz and magnetic polarization J (T) of

36F135*

36F145

36F155

36F175

36F185

47F145*

47F155*

47F165

47F180

47F190

47F200

47F240

47F280

47F340*

64F190*

64F200

64F235

64F275

64F320

64F400*

GradeASTMA6771.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80

0.51 0.61 0.73 0.87 1.08 1.26 1.42 1.54 1.65

0.55 0.64 0.77 0.92 1.12 1.32 1.49 1.61 1.72

0.56 0.67 0.80 0.95 1.19 1.39 1.57 1.71 1.83

0.62 0.73 0.87 1.03 1.24 1.48 1.68 1.84 1.93

0.68 0.81 0.95 1.13 1.38 1.66 1.97 2.21 2.40

0.59 0.70 0.82 0.96 1.16 1.37 1.56 1.71 1.84

0.62 0.73 0.86 1.01 1.23 1.45 1.66 1.81 1.95

0.66 0.78 0.91 1.05 1.30 1.51 1.70 1.85 2.00

0.71 0.84 0.99 1.15 1.38 1.63 1.87 2.06 2.24

0.74 0.88 1.04 1.22 1.47 1.75 2.01 2.22 2.40

0.76 0.91 1.07 1.26 1.51 1.81 2.11 2.35 2.55

0.84 1.00 1.18 1.39 1.66 1.97 2.28 2.53 2.75

1.02 1.20 1.42 1.68 1.98 2.32 2.67 2.97 3.20

1.33 1.57 1.84 2.16 2.54 2.96 3.40 3.78 4.05

0.76 0.91 1.08 1.27 1.52 1.80 2.06 2.28 2.50

0.82 0.98 1.16 1.36 1.63 1.91 2.18 2.41 2.63

0.92 1.10 1.30 1.52 1.81 2.15 2.49 2.78 3.04

1.05 1.25 1.48 1.73 2.04 2.40 2.77 3.09 3.38

1.10 1.32 1.56 1.83 2.17 2.55 2.93 3.26 3.54

1.52 1.81 2.14 2.52 2.96 3.44 3.96 4.45 4.84

OldAISI

grade

M-15

M-191)

M-221)

M-361)

M-151)

M-191)

M-27

M-361)

M-431)

M-45

M-191)

M-361)

M-431)

M-45

^

Typical core loss data, W/lb at 60 Hz

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.1) The guaranteed loss of the grade differs from the old AISI standard.

Page 18: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

18

Typical specific exciting power, VA/lb at 60 Hz

Specific exciting power, VA/lb at 60 Hz and magnetic polarization J (T) ofOldAISI

grade

GradeASTMA677

Thickness

inch

36F135*

36F145

36F155

36F175

36F185

47F145*

47F155*

47F165

47F180

47F190

47F200

47F240

47F280

47F340*

64F190*

64F200

64F235

64F275

64F320

64F400*

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90

0.0140 0.02 0.07 0.13 0.20 0.28 0.37 0.48 0.60 0.75

M-15 0.0140 0.03 0.08 0.14 0.22 0.30 0.40 0.52 0.66 0.83

M-191) 0.0140 0.03 0.09 0.15 0.24 0.33 0.44 0.57 0.72 0.89

M-271) 0.0140 0.03 0.09 0.16 0.24 0.34 0.45 0.58 0.72 0.90

M-361) 0.0140 0.04 0.10 0.17 0.25 0.35 0.47 0.59 0.74 0.93

0.0185 0.03 0.09 0.17 0.25 0.36 0.47 0.62 0.78 0.98

0.0185 0.04 0.10 0.17 0.26 0.37 0.49 0.63 0.80 0.99

M-151) 0.0185 0.04 0.10 0.17 0.26 0.37 0.49 0.63 0.80 0.99

M-221) 0.0185 0.04 0.10 0.18 0.27 0.38 0.50 0.64 0.80 0.99

M-27 0.0185 0.04 0.10 0.18 0.28 0.39 0.51 0.66 0.83 1.03

M-361) 0.0185 0.04 0.10 0.18 0.28 0.40 0.53 0.67 0.84 1.05

M-431) 0.0185 0.04 0.12 0.21 0.32 0.44 0.58 0.74 0.92 1.12

M-45 0.0185 0.05 0.14 0.25 0.38 0.53 0.69 0.87 1.07 1.31

0.0185 0.07 0.19 0.32 0.48 0.65 0.83 1.04 1.26 1.52

0.0250 0.03 0.09 0.15 0.24 0.35 0.47 0.61 0.77 0.98

M-191) 0.0250 0.03 0.09 0.16 0.25 0.36 0.48 0.63 0.80 0.97

M-361) 0.0250 0.03 0.09 0.18 0.27 0.39 0.53 0.70 0.90 1.14

M-431) 0.0250 0.04 0.10 0.18 0.28 0.40 0.53 0.69 0.88 1.10

M-45 0.0250 0.05 0.13 0.25 0.37 0.52 0.68 0.87 1.08 1.33

0.0250 0.06 0.17 0.31 0.47 0.64 0.84 1.07 1.32 1.62

^

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.1) The guaranteed loss of the grade differs from the old AISI standard.

Page 19: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

19

GradeASTMA677

OldAISI

grade

M-15

M-191)

M-221)

M-361)

M-151)

M-191)

M-27

M-361)

M-431)

M-45

M-191)

M-361)

M-431)

M-45

36F135*

36F145

36F155

36F175

36F185

47F145*

47F155*

47F165

47F180

47F190

47F200

47F240

47F280

47F340*

64F190*

64F200

64F235

64F275

64F320

64F400*

1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80

0.94 1.19 1.58 2.43 5.60 17.6 46.0 88.1 149

1.05 1.35 1.80 2.71 5.60 16.3 41.1 83.2 145

1.12 1.41 1.85 2.67 5.24 15.2 39.3 81.1 144

1.12 1.40 1.82 2.58 4.69 12.9 34.9 75.1 139

1.15 1.44 1.87 2.66 4.75 12.4 33.7 73.4 137

1.22 1.54 2.00 2.83 5.29 14.5 37.3 77.8 143

1.24 1.56 2.00 2.81 5.10 13.8 35.9 75.7 140

1.24 1.54 1.99 2.79 5.04 13.6 35.5 75.1 140

1.23 1.52 1.93 2.64 4.46 11.1 30.3 68.0 130

1.28 1.59 2.02 2.75 4.53 10.8 29.8 67.5 130

1.29 1.59 2.02 2.71 4.40 10.6 29.6 67.5 130

1.37 1.68 2.09 2.77 4.35 10.1 28.2 65.9 129

1.59 1.94 2.41 3.15 4.77 10.2 27.6 64.8 126

1.81 2.15 2.58 3.17 4.19 7.03 17.3 45.0 95.9

1.22 1.54 1.99 2.79 4.98 12.9 33.6 72.5 137

1.17 1.41 1.79 2.50 4.25 10.9 29.9 67.0 128

1.43 1.80 2.31 3.12 4.92 10.7 27.9 63.8 124

1.36 1.69 2.13 2.81 4.35 9.81 26.5 61.6 122

1.62 1.98 2.46 3.19 4.74 9.73 25.5 60.6 120

1.96 2.35 2.84 3.52 4.60 7.21 15.8 40.3 88.4

Typical specific exciting power, VA/lb at 60 Hz

Specific exciting power, VA/lb at 60 Hz and magnetic polarization J (T) of^

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.1) The guaranteed loss of the grade differs from the old AISI standard.

Page 20: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

20

Typical peak magnetic field strength, A/m at 60 Hz

Peak magnetic field strength, A/m at 60 Hz and magnetic polarization J (T) ofOldAISI

grade

GradeASTMA677

Thickness

inch

36F135*

36F145

36F155

36F175

36F185

47F145*

47F155*

47F165

47F180

47F190

47F200

47F240

47F280

47F340*

64F190*

64F200

64F235

64F275

64F320

64F400*

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90

0.0140 27.4 34.6 39.6 44.1 48.9 54.6 61.2 69.3 79.9

M-15 0.0140 29.7 37.9 43.4 48.6 54.2 60.7 68.4 78.0 90.7

M-191) 0.0140 33.3 42.1 47.8 53.2 59.0 66.0 73.9 83.7 96.3

M-271) 0.0140 32.9 42.6 48.0 53.1 58.5 64.8 72.4 81.3 92.8

M-361) 0.0140 34.6 43.7 49.6 55.1 60.9 67.4 75.1 84.5 96.5

0.0185 32.7 42.0 48.5 54.7 60.1 66.3 75.5 86.9 102

0.0185 33.7 43.3 50.0 56.3 61.9 68.0 77.2 88.3 103

M-151) 0.0185 34.4 44.2 50.9 57.3 62.6 68.7 77.6 88.1 103

M-221) 0.0185 35.6 45.3 51.7 57.6 63.8 70.6 78.5 88.0 99.8

M-27 0.0185 35.5 45.7 52.5 58.8 65.4 72.7 81.3 91.7 105

M-361) 0.0185 37.1 47.4 54.4 60.6 66.9 73.8 81.6 90.8 102

M-431) 0.0185 42.7 54.1 61.5 68.1 74.7 81.6 89.3 98.2 109

M-45 0.0185 51.9 66.5 75.1 82.6 89.9 97.6 106.3 116 128

0.0185 67.2 84.2 93.9 102.5 109.1 116.9 125.6 134 145

0.0250 26.3 36.3 44.0 51.1 58.2 65.5 73.4 82.2 93.1

M-191) 0.0250 27.1 37.8 46.2 53.6 60.5 67.5 74.9 82.9 89.9

M-361) 0.0250 30.9 40.5 48.0 55.1 62.5 70.3 79.1 89.9 105

M-431) 0.0250 32.6 42.5 49.8 56.7 63.8 71.2 79.3 88.6 100

M-45 0.0250 45.7 60.3 69.5 77.4 85.2 93.0 101.4 110 121

0.0250 58.8 76.0 86.8 96.6 106 115.3 125.7 136 148

^

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.1) The guaranteed loss of the grade differs from the old AISI standard.

Page 21: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

21

GradeASTMA677

OldAISI

grade

M-15

M-191)

M-221)

M-361)

M-151)

M-191)

M-27

M-361)

M-431)

M-45

M-191)

M-361)

M-431)

M-45

36F135*

36F145

36F155

36F175

36F185

47F145*

47F155*

47F165

47F180

47F190

47F200

47F240

47F280

47F340*

64F190*

64F200

64F235

64F275

64F320

64F400*

1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80

94.5 116 157 262 694 1960 4430 7660 12000

108 134 180 286 646 1820 4050 7320 11700

113 137 179 274 600 1710 3900 7190 11600

108 130 168 251 511 1440 3500 6710 11300

113 137 179 267 522 1380 3410 6620 11100

120 145 186 278 585 1600 3690 6900 11600

121 145 185 273 558 1520 3570 6740 11400

119 144 184 271 550 1500 3530 6710 11400

116 139 175 251 470 1230 3080 6160 10700

122 145 183 259 470 1190 3040 6130 10700

119 141 178 250 455 1180 3020 6110 10700

125 146 181 251 443 1110 2900 6030 10600

146 170 209 284 475 1100 2850 5990 10500

157 176 205 255 370 720 1840 4370 8340

108 132 174 261 529 1410 3350 6500 11200

100 121 155 230 441 1210 3020 6040 10600

125 154 196 277 484 1140 2820 5830 10300

116 139 174 242 426 1060 2700 5670 10100

135 158 196 270 454 1040 2630 5620 10100

162 180 208 264 378 687 1630 3920 7760

Typical peak magnetic field strength, A/m at 60 Hz

Peak magnetic field strength, A/m at 60 Hz and magnetic polarization J (T) of^

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.1) The guaranteed loss of the grade differs from the old AISI standard.

Page 22: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

22

Core loss, W/lb at 200 Hz and peak magnetic polarization J (T) of

Measurements are carried out in the 25 cm Epstein frame according to ASTM A343 at 100 Hz to 200 Hz andaccording to ASTM A348 at 400 Hz to 2500 Hz. Half of the sample strips are taken in the rolling direction and half inthe transverse direction. Samples are tested as sheared and are not aged or stress relief annealed.

Typical core loss data, W/lb at 100 Hz - 2500 Hz

GradeASTM A677

100 Hz

200 Hz

Core loss, W/lb at 100 Hz and peak magnetic polarization J (T) of

GradeASTM A677

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.5036F135* 0.02 0.06 0.14 0.22 0.32 0.44 0.57 0.71 0.87 1.05 1.25 1.48 1.76 2.12 2.5136F145 0.01 0.06 0.14 0.23 0.34 0.46 0.59 0.74 0.91 1.09 1.30 1.54 1.83 2.19 2.5936F155 0.02 0.07 0.15 0.25 0.36 0.49 0.63 0.78 0.95 1.14 1.35 1.59 1.88 2.25 2.6936F175 0.02 0.08 0.16 0.26 0.38 0.52 0.66 0.83 1.01 1.21 1.43 1.69 1.99 2.37 2.8236F185 0.02 0.08 0.17 0.29 0.42 0.56 0.73 0.91 1.12 1.34 1.60 1.89 2.25 2.69 3.23

47F145* 0.02 0.07 0.15 0.26 0.38 0.51 0.67 0.84 1.03 1.25 1.49 1.76 2.09 2.50 2.9547F155* 0.02 0.08 0.16 0.26 0.39 0.53 0.68 0.86 1.06 1.27 1.52 1.81 2.14 2.55 3.0347F165 0.02 0.08 0.16 0.27 0.40 0.55 0.71 0.90 1.10 1.33 1.58 1.87 2.20 2.62 3.1047F180 0.02 0.09 0.18 0.30 0.44 0.60 0.78 0.98 1.20 1.45 1.71 2.01 2.37 2.80 3.3247F190 0.02 0.09 0.20 0.32 0.47 0.64 0.83 1.05 1.29 1.56 1.85 2.18 2.55 2.99 3.5047F200 0.03 0.10 0.20 0.33 0.48 0.66 0.86 1.08 1.34 1.62 1.95 2.30 2.72 3.23 3.8247F240 0.03 0.10 0.21 0.34 0.50 0.69 0.89 1.13 1.39 1.69 2.03 2.41 2.85 3.37 3.99

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.5036F135* 0.04 0.15 0.33 0.55 0.81 1.11 1.45 1.83 2.25 2.73 3.26 3.87 4.58 5.53 6.5336F145 0.04 0.15 0.33 0.56 0.83 1.13 1.48 1.87 2.30 2.79 3.32 3.94 4.67 5.62 6.6736F155 0.04 0.17 0.36 0.59 0.87 1.18 1.54 1.93 2.37 2.86 3.41 4.03 4.76 5.67 6.7636F175 0.04 0.18 0.39 0.64 0.93 1.27 1.66 2.09 2.56 3.08 3.67 4.33 5.08 6.08 7.1236F185 0.05 0.20 0.42 0.70 1.04 1.43 1.87 2.37 2.93 3.55 4.25 5.03 5.99 7.12 8.44

47F145* 0.05 0.19 0.40 0.67 0.98 1.36 1.79 2.29 2.86 3.51 4.25 5.08 6.08 7.21 8.5747F155* 0.05 0.20 0.41 0.68 1.02 1.40 1.85 2.35 2.93 3.60 4.36 5.22 6.17 7.39 8.7147F165 0.05 0.20 0.42 0.70 1.05 1.46 1.92 2.45 3.06 3.74 4.51 5.35 6.35 7.53 8.8547F180 0.05 0.23 0.47 0.78 1.16 1.61 2.12 2.70 3.37 4.11 4.94 5.90 6.94 8.16 9.5747F190 0.06 0.22 0.48 0.81 1.20 1.66 2.19 2.80 3.49 4.27 5.17 6.17 7.26 8.48 9.8947F200 0.06 0.24 0.51 0.85 1.27 1.76 2.33 3.00 3.76 4.63 5.67 6.80 8.07 9.57 11.247F240 0.07 0.25 0.53 0.88 1.30 1.79 2.37 3.04 3.81 4.72 5.76 6.94 8.26 9.80 11.5

^

^

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.

Page 23: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

23

400 Hz

1000 Hz

Core loss, W/lb at 1000 Hz and peak magnetic polarization J (T) of

GradeASTM A677

GradeASTM A677

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.5036F135* 0.09 0.39 0.85 1.44 2.15 2.98 3.93 4.99 6.26 7.67 9.2 11.0 13.1 15.8 18.736F145 0.10 0.41 0.88 1.47 2.18 3.03 4.00 5.08 6.35 7.76 9.3 11.2 13.2 15.9 18.936F155 0.09 0.42 0.90 1.51 2.24 3.10 4.08 5.17 6.44 7.85 9.5 11.3 13.4 16.1 19.036F175 0.10 0.45 0.98 1.64 2.43 3.37 4.42 5.62 6.99 8.53 10.2 12.1 14.3 17.1 20.136F185 0.12 0.52 1.11 1.87 2.79 3.89 5.17 6.58 8.26 10.1 12.2 14.7 17.6 21.0 24.8

47F145* 0.13 0.52 1.09 1.83 2.74 3.84 5.13 6.67 8.48 10.6 13.1 16.0 19.2 23.1 27.547F155* 0.13 0.52 1.12 1.89 2.83 3.97 5.31 6.89 8.75 10.9 13.5 16.3 19.6 23.5 28.147F165 0.14 0.54 1.14 1.93 2.90 4.09 5.49 7.12 9.07 11.3 13.9 16.8 20.2 24.0 28.447F180 0.15 0.62 1.28 2.15 3.24 4.54 6.12 7.94 10.0 12.4 15.2 18.5 22.0 26.3 31.147F190 0.15 0.62 1.29 2.16 3.26 4.58 6.17 8.03 10.2 12.7 15.7 19.1 22.8 26.9 31.647F200 0.18 0.68 1.41 2.37 3.56 5.03 6.76 8.80 11.3 14.2 17.6 21.5 26.2 31.5 37.747F240 0.18 0.70 1.45 2.44 3.67 5.17 6.94 9.07 11.7 14.6 18.1 22.1 26.8 32.2 38.4

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.1036F135* 0.42 1.61 3.38 5.58 8.39 11.7 15.7 20.4 25.9 32.4 40.136F145 0.44 1.66 3.44 5.76 8.53 11.9 16.0 20.7 26.4 32.9 40.636F155 0.45 1.66 3.46 5.76 8.57 12.0 16.1 20.9 26.5 33.1 40.936F175 0.49 1.85 3.85 6.35 9.48 13.2 17.7 23.0 29.1 36.2 44.536F185 0.59 2.20 4.54 7.58 11.3 15.8 21.3 27.8 35.5 44.6 55.3

47F145* 0.63 2.23 4.54 7.62 11.6 16.6 22.8 30.5 39.8 51.3 64.947F155* 0.64 2.27 4.63 7.80 11.8 17.0 23.3 31.2 40.6 52.2 65.847F165 0.64 2.31 4.72 8.03 12.0 17.2 23.6 31.5 41.2 52.6 66.747F180 0.73 2.55 5.22 8.85 13.5 19.3 26.5 35.3 45.8 59.0 73.947F190 0.74 2.59 5.31 8.94 13.7 19.6 26.9 35.5 46.7 59.9 75.347F200 0.80 2.81 5.72 9.62 14.7 21.2 29.5 39.9 52.6 68.5 87.147F240 0.83 2.88 5.85 9.80 15.0 21.6 29.9 40.4 53.1 68.9 88.0

^

^

Typical core loss data, W/lb at 100 Hz - 2500 Hz

Core loss, W/lb at 100 Hz and peak magnetic polarization J (T) of

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.

Measurements are carried out in the 25 cm Epstein frame according to ASTM A343 at 100 Hz to 200 Hz andaccording to ASTM A348 at 400 Hz to 2500 Hz. Half of the sample strips are taken in the rolling direction and half inthe transverse direction. Samples are tested as sheared and are not aged or stress relief annealed.

Page 24: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

24

2500 Hz

GradeASTM A677

Core loss, W/lb at 2500 Hz and peak magnetic polarization J (T) of

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.0036F135* 1.76 6.49 13.4 22.8 34.8 49.9 69.4 93.0 122 15836F145 1.86 6.71 13.9 23.5 35.7 51.3 70.3 94.3 124 16036F155 1.86 6.76 13.9 23.6 35.9 51.3 70.8 94.8 124 16036F175 2.02 7.30 15.2 25.8 39.3 56.2 77.1 103 135 17336F185 2.47 8.85 18.6 31.5 48.5 69.9 96.6 130 169 216

47F145* 2.59 8.98 18.8 32.6 51.3 76.7 110 153 209 28047F155* 2.61 9.12 19.2 33.4 52.6 78.5 112 156 212 28447F165 2.63 9.21 19.3 33.6 53.1 78.9 113 157 213 28547F180 2.86 9.89 20.8 36.4 58.1 87.5 127 177 239 31547F190 2.97 10.3 21.7 37.6 59.0 88.0 127 178 240 31647F200 3.34 11.5 24.2 42.2 67.1 102 147 206 276 36147F240 3.39 11.7 24.5 42.7 68.0 103 148 207 278 363

Typical core loss data, W/lb at 100 Hz - 2500 Hz

* These grades do not appear in ASTM A677.

Measurements are carried out in the 25 cm Epstein frame according to ASTM A343 at 100 Hz to 200 Hz andaccording to ASTM A348 at 400 Hz to 2500 Hz. Half of the sample strips are taken in the rolling direction and half inthe transverse direction. Samples are tested as sheared and are not aged or stress relief annealed.

Page 25: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

25

Grade Thickness Typical specific total loss W/lb atpeak magnetic polarization of

J = 1,0 Tinch 60 Hz 400 Hz 2500 Hz

NO 007 0.007 0.60 5.60 73.0

NO 005 0.005 0.61 5.05 60.0

The information and data in this brochure are accurate to the best of Cogent's knowledge, butare intended for general information only. Applications suggested for the materials are describedonly to help the reader make his or her own evaluation and decision, and are neither guaranteesnor to be construed as expressed or implied warranties of suitability for these and otherapplications. Cogent and its subsidiaries accept no liability in respect thereof.

Thin non-oriented electrical steels for medium to high frequencies

For applications at frequencies higher thanthat of the normal power frequency(50 or 60 Hz), it may be necessary to select athinner steel to maintain low losses. A rangeof thin non-oriented fully processed electricalsteels for application at medium to highfrequencies (200 -3000 Hz) has beendeveloped.

Thin gauge grades are available with aninsulating coating, SURALAC 7000 (see page11), or as uncoated strip. For more detaileddescriptions, please refer to separate Cogentbrochures.

^

Page 26: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

100

1000

600

10000

800 1000 16001200 1400 1800 200010

50 150 250 550350 450 650 750

mm

mm

Outside diameter

Wall height

50

200

500

2000

5000

20000

100

200

300

400

500600

800900

700

10001250 1100

Slit width, mmSlit width, mmSlit width, mmSlit width, mmSlit width, mm

Slit width, mmSlit width, mmSlit width, mmSlit width, mmSlit width, mm

50

Coil weight and outside diameter

Density: 7,7 g/cm3

Space factor: 98 %Inside diameter: 20 inch (508 mm)

26

1 inch = 25.4 mm 1 kg = 2.20 lbsConversion factors

Coil

wei

ght (

kg)

Outside diameter/Wall height

Page 27: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

0 0,5 1,0 1,5

0

25

50

75

0

0,5

1,0

1,5

0

5

10

15

0

20

Global Leader : Local Expert

Cogent Power Ltd has been a leading supplier to North American transformermanufacturers for over thirty years. The focus and expertise continues to be standardand speciality core components and electrical steels. Now with plants in Canada, USAand Mexico, Cogent is the largest independent supplier in North America and inconjunction with eight additional operations in Europe, Cogent forms the largest andmost diverse electrical steel and components supplier in the world.

A strong focus on service, technical leadership and exceptional product quality hasmade Cogent the exclusive supplier to many local and international transformer,motor and electrical steel clients.

cogenttm

27

Page 28: Non-Oriented Fully Process Electrical Steel - ASTM

www.cogent-power.com

Co

gen

t b

y S

IR-G

rup

pen

Sw

eden

20

03-0

1

Cogent Power Ltd.PO Box 30NewportSouth Wales NP19 0XTUnited Kingdom

T: +44 1633 290 033F: +44 1633 290 067E: [email protected]

Cogent Power Ltd is a joint venture companyowned 75% by Corus and 25% by SSAB.

Cogent Power Ltd

Cogent Power Ltd is a multinational group comprising electrical steels,laminations, transformer products, precision engineering and electricmotor design businesses which form a unique company that offers thecustomer complete solutions, from steel through to components,design to delivery.

Comprehensive Steel Product Range

The specialist product range of Cogent electrical steels extends fromthe high permeability grain oriented electrical steel for largetransformers to fully processed silicon steels for large rotating machinesand special non-alloyed semi-processed grades for smaller motors.Cogent is backed by internationally renowned steelmakers.

Product Information

This publication is part of a range of brochures that cover the followingproducts from Cogent, on electrical steel:• Grain Oriented electrical steels• Non-Oriented fully processed electrical steels• Non-Oriented semi-processed electrical steels• Thin Non-Oriented fully processed electrical steels• Magnetic Shielding

For all electrical steel enquiries please contact:

Cogent Power Inc. - Canada

279 Sumach Drive RR#2

Burlington

Ontario L7R 3X5

Canada

T: +1 905 637 3033

F: +1 905 637 7968

E: [email protected]

W: cogentpowerinc.com

Cogent Power SA de CV

Calle 1 era # 102-a

Parque Industrial Monterrey

Apodaca Nuevo Leon 66600

Mexico

T: +52 8 386 3731

F: +52 8 386 1949

E: [email protected]

W: cogentpowerinc.com

Corus America Inc.

475 North Martingale Road

Suite 400

Schaumburg, Illinois 60173

USA

T: +1 847 619 0400

F: +1 847 619 0480

E: [email protected]

W: corusnorthamerica.com

Cogent Power Inc. - USA

250 Bishop Avenue

Bridgeport

Connecticut 06610

USA

T: +1 203 335 9921

F: +1 203 367 9850

E: [email protected]

W: cogentpowerinc.com


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