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Non-Photorealistic Rendering
RENDERING + COMPOSITION
Interactive Image-based Interactive Image-based Exploded View DiagramsExploded View Diagrams
Graphics Interface 2004
Wilmot Li Maneesh Agrawala
David Salesin
Interactive Exploded Views
Technical illustrators often create exploded views to expose the structure of complicated 3D objects.
Interactive Exploded Views
Paper presents an image-based framework for creating interactive exploded views that allow the user to see how parts interact with and constrain one another by directly expanding and collapsing portions of the diagram.
Although static exploded views can Although static exploded views can help convey the structure of 3D help convey the structure of 3D objects, the viewer must mentally objects, the viewer must mentally determine how parts fit together, determine how parts fit together, which can be difficult for objects which can be difficult for objects with many parts.with many parts.
IntroductionIntroduction
To create interactive exploded views To create interactive exploded views that allow the user to see how parts fit that allow the user to see how parts fit together by directly expanding and together by directly expanding and collapsing parts.collapsing parts.
GoalGoal
ApproachApproach
An image-based framework for An image-based framework for Interactive exploded views that consists of:Interactive exploded views that consists of:
1) an 1) an authoring interface authoring interface that facilitates creation ofthat facilitates creation ofinteractive exploded viewsinteractive exploded views
2) a 2) a viewing system viewing system that supports useful interactionsthat supports useful interactions
Authoring Authoring SegmentationSegmentation
User first segments image into parts with User first segments image into parts with intelligent scissors (shown in red on left).intelligent scissors (shown in red on left).
Authoring Authoring StackingStacking
User draws free-form strokes to organize User draws free-form strokes to organize parts into stacks that expand and collapseparts into stacks that expand and collapsealong the same explosion axis.along the same explosion axis.
Authoring Authoring FragmentationFragmentation
Some parts must be partitioned into fragments Some parts must be partitioned into fragments before they can be layered correctly. before they can be layered correctly.
Authoring Authoring FragmentationFragmentation
To do this, user indicates the enclosing cavity To do this, user indicates the enclosing cavity (shown in red), and the system automatically (shown in red), and the system automatically fragments part appropriately.fragments part appropriately.
Authoring Authoring FragmentationFragmentation
Authoring Authoring LayeringLayering
Finally, the system assigns correct depth to Finally, the system assigns correct depth to each part or fragment.each part or fragment.
AuthoringAuthoring
SegmentationSegmentation
StackingStacking FragmentationFragmentation
LayeringLayering
Viewing Viewing AnimationAnimation
User can see object User can see object dynamically expand dynamically expand and collapse.and collapse.
Viewing Viewing SearchSearch
Instead of visually Instead of visually searching for a part searching for a part (e.g., speaker circled (e.g., speaker circled on left), user can on left), user can perform text search perform text search as shown on right.as shown on right.
Viewing Viewing Direct ManipulationDirect Manipulation
User can directly User can directly expand and expand and collapse individual collapse individual stacks by dragging stacks by dragging selected parts. selected parts.
Future WorkFuture Work
Arbitrary explosion paths
• To achieve a more compact exploded view layout, illustrators sometimes arrange parts using non-linear explosion paths that are often indicated with guidelines.
Future WorkFuture Work
Dynamic annotations
• System currently lays out labels and guidelines as constant offsets from specific parts
• How to arrange this meta-information dynamically to take into account the changing layout of an interactive diagram?
Future WorkFuture Work
Emphasis
• Intelligent filters that take into account the perceptual effect of performing particular image transformations.
• Could also be used at display time to highlight important parts.
Future WorkFuture Work
Semantic Zooming
• Introduce multiple levels of detail that would allow the viewer to interactively control how much information is presented for particular portions of the subject matter.
Future WorkFuture Work
Depth Cues
• Interactive diagrams created from 2D images can sometimes have a “flattened” appearance where layers overlap.
• Automatically render simple depth cues (e.g., drop shadows) when viewing the diagram to clarify the spatial relationships between these layers.