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Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF...

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NON RENEWABLE ENERGY
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Page 1: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

Page 2: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S.

• Wood was predominant,

next coal, oil, and natural

gas

• Now there are 3 resources

that supply the majority of

energy

1. Oil

2. Natural Gas 3. Coal

Page 3: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

• Natural gas has increased due

to recent increase in fracking

• Natural gas is more efficient

than coal

• Example: Home water heaters

• Fueled by Natural gas= 80 %

efficient

• Fueled by coal = 35 % efficient

Page 4: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

• Electricity accounts for 40 % of our energy use

• Electricity is generated from many different sources

Primary sources Secondary Sources

Fossil Fuels, wind, water electricity

And sun

HOW IS ELECTRICITY GENERATED?

1. FOSSIL FUEL (COAL) IS DELIVERED TO A BOILER AND GETS BURNED

2. ITS ENERGY CHANGES WATER TO STEAM

3. STEAM OF WATER(KINETIC ENERGY) SPIN A TURBINE

4. TURBINE ALLOWS A GENERATOR TO MAKE ELECTRICITY

Page 5: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

5. ELECTRICAL GRID SUPPLIES ELECTRICITY TO HOMES

Page 6: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

3 TYPES OF FOSSIL FUELS

Page 7: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

COAL

• Coal is the most abundant and dirtiest fossil fuels

• Coal comes from remains of tree ferns, plant material

• Very abundant and easy to extract, handle, and process

• Largest Reserves: United States, Russia, China

• Largest Production: China, United States, Indonesia

• Coal is retrieved and burned to generate 62 % of the world’s electricity & ¾

of the world’s steel

Page 8: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

ADVANTAGES

• Easier to extract, exploit by

surface mining and steel

manufacturing

• Lack of efficiency

• Highest to release carbon dioxide

• Releases impurities: sulfur (leads to

acid rain)

• Mercury, lead, arsenic,

• Creates coal ash= waste material

• Washing coal uses organic

compounds and have not been

tested for toxicity

DISADVANTAGES

COAL

Page 9: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

3 TYPES OF COAL

• Anthracite= most desirable but takes longer to form, more

expensive and low sulfur content (high heat content)

• Lignite= Low heat content and in limited supply

• Bituminous= Large supply, has high sulfur content (high

heat content)

Page 10: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

PETROLEUM OIL AKA “CRUDE OIL”

• Formed from the remains of ocean dwelling phytoplankton that died 50 million to 150 million

years ago

• PROCESS OF EXTRACTION

1. Oil is found by use of seismic waves

2. A well is drilled to pump oil out and transported to refinery

3. Refinery: crude oil is refined by fractional distillation

Page 11: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas
Page 12: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

ADVANTAGES

• More uses

• More efficient

• Less carbon dioxide emissions

• Also contains sulfur, mercury, lead arsenic

• Potential for oil spills

• Examples Exxon Valdez spill of 1989

• BP oil spill Deep Water Horizon of 2012 spilled 206 million gallons of oil

DISADVANTAGES

PETROLEUM OIL

Page 13: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

NATURAL GAS

• 80-95 % methane (CH4)

• Half of the homes in the United States rely on natural gas

• Contains fewer impurities, cleanest of fossil fuels

• Natural gas provides 29 % of U.S. energy

• Methane can escape into the atmosphere and is more potent than carbon dioxide

• Natural Gas power plants are less expensive and take much less time to build than coal power

plants

• Can be obtained through horizontal fracking

Page 14: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

NATURAL GAS

In order to transport natural gas it must be converted into liquefied natural gas (LNG)

Highly flammable liquid in refrigerated tanker ships then its reheated back and then distributed

by pipeline

Largest natural gas production: U.S., Russia, China

Consumption: U.S. , Russia, China

Currently the U.S does not need to rely on other countries for natural gas. This is due to

horizontal drilling and fracking

Extraction of natural gas:

Once a hole is punctured from a well it is moved through long connections of pipelines

Since natural gas is odorless, odorant is added to help detect leaks

Page 15: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

ADVANTAGES

• Ample supplies

• Versatile fuel

• Emits less carbon dioxide and

other air pollutants than other

fossil fuels

• Fracking uses large amounts of

chemicals and water leading to

contamination

• Potential groundwater

pollution from fracking

• Production and delivery may

emit more carbon dioxide and

methane than coal

DISADVANTAGES

NATURAL GAS

Page 16: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

QUESTION

• Can natural gas help slow climate change?

• Identify the benefits of using natural gas

• Identify the drawbacks of harvesting and using natural gas

Page 17: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

NUCLEAR ENERGY

• Cleanest of all non-renewables

• Why? Does not use fossil fuels but instead a metal

called Uranium-235

• The only issue is the Uranium-235 must be mined

• U-235 is enriched into Uranium dioxide

• One pellet contains the energy equivalent of about

a tone of coal

Page 18: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

NUCLEAR FISSION

• Is the source of energy for producing electricity

Energy is released due to collisions of

nucleases in atoms

Everytime fragmentation occurs energy is

released

The energy is retrieved and used to

produce steam in a power plant

Page 19: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

A coolant usually water circulates

through the reactors core to

remove heat and keep fuel rods

from melting and releasing

radioactivity

Cotnrol rods are used to absorb

neutrons in case

By products are radioactive waste

which can remain hazardous for

many years

Page 20: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

ADVANTAGES

• Clean energy

• Low carbon dioxide emissions

• Large fuel supply

• Possibility of accidents

• Radioactive waste= Nuclear fuel that can no longer produce enough heat to be useful

• Can be stolen to make weapons

• Disposing of radioactive waste is a challenge

DISADVANTAGES

NUCLEAR ENERGY

Page 21: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

CONSERVATION & RENEWABLE ENERGY

• A sustainable approach to energy use must incorporate both energy conservation and efficiency

• Energy conservation means finding and implementing ways to use less energy

• Smaller scale can include turning off appliances when not in use and lowering household thermostat in

winter

• Larger scale the government can improve public transportation

• Taxing electricity, oil, natural gas since higher taxes discourage use.

• Using a tiered system so if you use more tier increases so pay more

• Retrofit a home or business so it will operate less on energy gives people rebates or tax credits

• Respect peak demand

Page 22: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

Insulation of walls and basement

Relying on Passive Solar Design

Design of a house that relies more on solar

radiation than active technology

Building is positioned to maximize its

utilization

Building material absorb and repel heat

Page 23: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

ACTIVE SOLAR DESIGN

Having an efficient radiant heating system

Using photovoltaic cells (Solar Panels)

Page 24: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

POTENTIALLY RENEWABLE OR NONDEPLETABLE

Potentially Renewable= energy source

that can be regenerated as long as it is

not overharvested

Nondepletable= An energy source

that cannot be used up

Together they are renewable energy

resources

Page 25: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

SOLAR ENERGY

• Photovoltaic Systems

• Capture energy from the sun as light and convert it

directly into electricity

• Semiconductors generate a low voltage current and

converts into high voltage (homes)

• Sunlight hits cells, they emit electrons, a current is

generated

Page 26: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

SOLAR PANELS

• Concentrating Solar Thermal Energy

• Large scale application of solar energy

• Mirrors or lenses are used for sunlight to be focused in one area

• Heat collected is used to steam water and turn a turbine

Page 27: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

ADVANTAGES

• No production of carbon

dioxide

• Produces electricity when it is

needed the most

• Economically feasible

• Cells are too expensive to

manufacture and install

• Payback period takes too long

• Manufacturing the cells requires a

great deal of water and energy

• Releases toxic metals and industrial

chemicals into the environment

• Solar cells overtime must be

discarded

DISADVANTAGES

SOLAR PANELS

Page 28: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

WIND ENERGY

• Energy generated from the

kinetic energy of moving air

• Due to warm air rising and cool

air sinking, creates circulation

patterns

• Wind turns blade of turbine,

blades transfer energy to gear

box, energy is transferred to a

generator, electricity is generated

Page 29: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

WHO IS USING WIND ENERGY?

• Wind farms are placed on

land in places where wind

blows up to 25 % of time

• Nearby off shore coastal

locations are more

desirable

• Examples, Denmark,

Netherlands, Sweden,

Page 30: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

ADVANTAGES

• Produces no pollution and

green house gases

• Very low environmental impact

• Free energy and non

depletable

• If you live off the grid it requires you

to have a battery which are

expensive and hard to dispose of

• Migratory birds and bats may be

killed due to collisions

• Can fragment the land as well

• Too noisy

DISADVANTAGES

WIND ENERGY

Page 31: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

HYDROELECTRICITY

• Electricity generated by the kinetic energy of moving water

• This is the 2nd most commonly used form of renewable energy in the U.S.

• A high dam is built across a river to create a reservoir. The stored water flows through huge pipes, spinning turbines producing electricity

• The amount of electricity generated depends on flow rate and vertical flow

Page 32: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

2 LARGEST DAMS IN THE WORLD

Page 33: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

ADVANTAGES

• Brings renewable energy to people

• Generates great amounts of energy with out carbon

dioxide emissions

• Reservoir can serve as recreational purposes

• Generates revenue

Page 34: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

DISADVANTAGES

• Reservoir may have potential for flooding nearby areas

• Standing water retains more heat and less oxygen so it affects which species

can live there

• Affects the life cycle of various organisms by controlling the flow of water

Page 35: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

CHECK POINT FOR UNDERSTANDING

• Explain why it is advantageous to locate wind turbines over water rather than

on land?

• Identify the benefits and drawbacks of wind power

Page 36: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

TAPPING INTO THE EARTH’S INTERNAL HEAT

• Geothermal energy= heat stored in soil, underground rocks, and fluids in the

earth’s mantle

• Practically only in sites with high enough concentrations of underground heat

• Can be used to heat and cool houses by using a geothermal pump

• Hydrothermal reservoirs can be found and drilled to retrieve steam and can be

used to spin a turbine and generate electricity

• Geothermal energy is used in 24 countries including the U.S. (world’s largest

producer)

Page 37: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

Water can be injected underground where it is

hot enough to come back up and generate

electricity

Iceland gets almost 30 % electricity from

geothermal power plants

Page 38: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

ADVANTAGES

• Non depletable resource

• After initial investment no cost

to harvest energy

• Can be installed anywhere

• No emissions during operation

• Emits hazardous gases and

stream

• Geographically limited

DISADVANTAGES

GEOTHERMAL

Page 39: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

BIOMASS

• Biomass is energy from the sun

• Biomass includes wood, charcoal, animal products and manure, plant remains, as well as liquid fuels like

ethanol and biodiesel (bio fuel)

• Bio fuels consists for roughly ½ of the renewable energy and 3.5 % of all energy consumed in the U.S.

• Developing world a larger percentage of biomass energy comes from wood and animal manure

Page 40: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

MODERN CARBON VS FOSSIL CARBON

• Given the fact that both fossil fuels and biomass raise atmospheric carbon is it really better for the environment to replace fossil fuels with biomass?

• It depends on how long the carbon has been stored.

• The carbon found in plants like the corn used to make biofuel or the algae was in the atmosphere not too long ago = modern carbon

• Carbon from fossil fuels was not in the atmosphere recently, it has been buried for millions of years, it was out of circulation = fossil carbon

• Fossil carbon is adding to the atmosphere while modern is not because it has been part of the carbon cycle

Page 41: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

SOLID BIOMASS

• World wide 2-3 billion people rely on wood as a source of energy

• Some powerplants still use wood as a source of energy

• This net removal of forest together with the burning of wood results in a net increase in

atmospheric carbon dioxide

• Can also lead to soil being disturbed thus releasing for carbon

• Dried animal manure as fuel for heating and cooking

• Burning biomass in general produces a variety of air pollutants (particulate matter, nitrogen

oxides, carbon monoxide)

Page 42: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

BIOFUELS: ETHANOL & BIODIESEL

• Ethanol= alcohol made by using starches (corn) from plant material

• World leader in ethanol production

• It is mixed with gasoline =gasohol

• Produces less air pollutants when combusted by cars

• It has lower energy content so you need less efficient

• Can contribute to food shortages due to growing of corn for fuel production instead of feeding

humans

• https://www.autoblog.com/2009/08/13/greenlings-why-is-there-ethanol-in-gasoline/

Page 43: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

• Biodiesel = Produced by extracting and chemically altering oil from plants Some plants include algae, palm oil,

and soybean

• Diluted to B-20 (80 % petroleum diesel & 20 % biodiesel)

• SVO= Straight vegetable oil, used oil from restaurants is recycled and turned into biodiesel

• Some species of algae provide good source of energy

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_lT6mJM_fA

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWz-Zb1P0Zg

Page 44: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS

• Electrical chemical device that converts fuel,

such as hydrogen, into an electrical current

• Hydrogen molecules are split into a proton and

electron both take a different route

• The difference in charges allows for a current to

be generated

• Oxygen picks up what is not in use

• End product= energy and water

Page 45: Non renewable energy - Ms. Diaz website renewable energy.pdf · NON RENEWABLE ENERGY . PATTERNS OF ENERGY USE IN THE U.S. •Wood was predominant, next coal, oil, and natural gas

DISADVANTAGE

• Hydrogen is explosive in natur e


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