NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

Actions speaks more than words!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

• DEFINITION

• includes all nonverbal stimuli in a communicative setting generated by an individual and the individual's use of environment. • includes intentional and unintentional nonverbal messages.

Functions

• REPEATS what was said verbally • COMPLEMENTS what was said verbally • CONTRADICTS what was said verbally • SUBSTITUTES for what would be said verbally • REGULATES and MANAGES the communication event

CHARACTERISTICS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION • Often culturally derived--can vary in meaning by culture. • Often the opposite to the verbal message.• Almost impossible not to use NVC.• Up to 70 or 80% of communication, between native speakers, is NVC.

II. Specific Nonverbal ComponentsProxemicsHaptics KinesicsChronomics

Proxemics

• The use of space in communication. There are 4 kinds of space:• intimate, • personal, • social, • public.

Hall’s Personal Space Categories (U.S)

>3 metre ’Public distance

Social distance 120 cm - 3 m

Personal distance 45 -120 cm

Intimate distance 45 cm

Haptics

The use of touch in communications.

• Haptics or touch refers to communicating through the use of bodily contact .• Some cultures are very comfortable with

bodily contact; others avoid it.

In gestures (1991), Roger Axtell has classified the following cultures as “touch” and “don’t touch.

A different approach fromWatson, O. Michael,he has classified the following cultures as “contact groups” and “non contact groups”

• Contact groups: Arabs: Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Republic; Latin Americans: Bolivia, Cuba, Equador, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Venezuela; Southern Europeans: French, Italian, Turkish.

• Non Contact Groups: Asian: China, Indonesia, Japan, Phillipines, Thailand; Northern Europeans: Austrailia, England, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Scotland; Americans are also similar to this group; Indians and Pakistans

Kinesics

The use of your body in communication, or body movements. • Kinesics, or body language, is one of the most powerful ways that humans

can communicate nonverbally. It is used to portray moods and emotions and to emphasize or contradict what is being said. • 1. body gestures

• 2. facial expression

• 3. eye contact

• 4. posture

A. body gestures

• HAND GESTURES• Hands and arms are used by most of us to communicate our thoughts, people

rubbing arms together, keeping their arms closed, clinching the fists all these tell what the person has on his mind.

•The open palm has been associated with truth, honesty, allegiance and submission.

Do’s:

Hand Gestures Don'ts:

•gesture to reinforce your content

•gesture naturally

describing size or shape

emphasizing an important point enumerating a list

pointing to a specific item in your visual aid

•gesture nervously

tugging your ear

scratching your arm

licking your lips •keep your hands in any one position for too long

pocket change jingle"

use stylized, constantly repeating gestures

'Dominant Palm Gesture'

'Submissive Palm Gesture'

'Authoritative Palm Gesture'

Positive Attitude Negative Attitude

B. Facial Expressions

• The face and eyes convey the most expressive types of body language. Research conducted by Leathers (1976) determined these ten types of meaning can be communicated by facial expressions;

• Happiness• Fear• Sadness• Anger• Surprise• Disgust

C.Eye Contact The business gaze

The social gaze

The intimate gaze

The Shut Others Gestures

D. Posture

• Posture the way someone stands, sits or walks, can send positive or negative nonverbal messages • Posture can convey self- confidence, status and interest • Confident people generally have a relaxed posture, yet stand errect

and walk with assuarance. • Walking with stopped shoulders and slow, hesitating gait projects

such negative messages as lack of assurance and confidence

Chronemics

• The use of time in communication.

• Hall (1983) distinguished 2 patterns of time that govern different cultures: Monochronic Time Schedule and Polychronic Time Schedule

Monochronic and Polychronic

Monochronic

· Does one thing at a time.

· Time is very serious!

· Job tends to be more important than family even.

· Privacy is extremely important.

Polychronic

· Does several things at a time.

· Time is important but not sacred.

· Family and interpersonal relationships are more important than work.

(United States, Germany, Scandinavia and Switzerland. )

(Latin Americans, Mediterranean people, Arabians)