Title: Power Quality of Emergency Stand-by Systems
Presenter: David Vennie and Ed MoseleyCompany: Caterpillar Inc. and Holt CATDate: October 25th, 2009
2009 North American Power Quality Interest Group Workshop
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Agenda
• Understanding your Stand-By Power Needs
• Sizing the Appropriate Stand-By Power System
• Developing a complete Systems Solution
• Appropriate Maintenance of the Equipment
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Basic Power Quality Problems
Power failure
Voltage sag
Voltage surge
Undervoltage
Overvoltage
Line noise
Frequency variation
Switching transients
Harmonic distortion
4 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009
Understanding Your Stand-By Power Needs
• Is Power Quality an Issue? • Can you afford to lose ALL Power for 10 seconds?• Do you need to back up the entire system?• Do you have Critical Loads?• Are you looking into Load Management or Peak Shaving?• Do you need to parallel to utility?• Do you need Multiple Units?
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• Load Profile • Necessary Loads• Load Steps • Load Types on the System
– Does the facility have equipment requiring specific voltage and frequency limitations?
• Sizing Software
Sizing the Appropriate Back Up System
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Load Profile
• What does your Load Profile look like?
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Necessary Loads
• Is it necessary to back up the entire facility? • Can you split your loads up? • Do you have critical loads vs. non-critical loads?
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Load Steps
• Load Stepping – Prioritization – Reduces Transients – Load Shedding Scheme
• Multi-Unit Timing – First to Rated
• First Load Step• Parallel • Second Load Step
– First to Rated • Parallel • One Large Load Step
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Load Types
• Motors – DC motors, VFD’s, AC Motors, etc
• Lighting• UPS• Office Equipment• Machining Equipment
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Sizing Software – load types and steps
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Sizing Software - Generator Selection
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Complete Systems Solution
• Generator Set • Automatic Transfer Switch • Switchgear• Uninterruptable Power Supply
(UPS) • Communications• Multi-Generator Solutions
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Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)
• Open / Closed Transition • Delayed Transition • Bypass Isolation • Service Entrance Rated • Low & Medium Voltage
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Switchgear – Reliability
Redundant Ethernet
Remote Communications
ModBus
Generator 1 Generator 2 Generator 3
EMCP 3.S/3.SGGenerator Dead Bus
Load Shed/Load Add
Generator Demand Priority
Generator Setpoint Management
System Setpoint Management
System Measurements and Alarms
EMCP 3.S/3.SGEngine Control
Breaker ControlGen Power Measurement
Synchronization
Engine Protection
Generator ProtectionVoltage Control
Frequency Control
kW and kVAR Sharing Power Factor Control
EGP MASTER 3.S (EGP)Single or
Redundant Ethernet I/O
BECAUSE ANY CONTROLLER CAN BE THEMASTER, THE CONTROL SYSTEM WILL ALWAYS HAVE A MASTER CONTROLLER
EMCP 3.S (EGP)Breaker Control
Gen Power MeasurementSynchronization
Engine ProtectionGenerator Protection
Voltage ControlFrequency Control
kW and kVAR Sharing
Power Factor Control
EMCP 3.S/3.SGGenerator Dead Bus
Load Shed/Load Add
Generator Demand Priority
Generator Setpoint Management
System Setpoint Management
EMCP 3.S/3.SGEngine Control
Breaker ControlGen Power Measurement
Synchronization
Engine Protection
Generator ProtectionVoltage Control
Frequency Control
kW and kVAR Sharing Power Factor Control
EGP MASTER 3.S (EGP)
System Measurements and Alarms
EMCP 3.S (EGP)Breaker Control
Gen Power MeasurementSynchronization
Engine ProtectionGenerator Protection
Voltage ControlFrequency Control
kW and kVAR Sharing
Power Factor Control
Touch screen
ATS
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Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)
Flywheel UPSBattery UPS
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Multi-Generator Solutions
• When to Use Multiple Generators– Redundancy – Significant Load Variation
• Synchronization– Frequency– Voltage – Phase
• Load Control – Acceptance/Shedding Order– Unit Starting Stopping Order– Unit Synchronization Order
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Completely Integrated Communications System
Redundant Ethernet
Single or Redundant Ethernet I/O
ModBus
Remote Monitoring Software
EMCP 3.S Utility / Tie
Breaker Control
ATS UPS
ModBus
EMCP 3.S Generator Paralleling
Control
Switchgear Touchscreen
Switchgear Touchscreen
Processor
Annunciator Genset Temperature Monitoring
Voltage Regulator
ADEM IV Engine Controller
EMCP 3
Generator Set Controller
Discrete I/O Module
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Appropriate Maintenance of Equipment
• Guarantee Reliable Power/ Quality is always there– Generator is the only line of defense when your facility loses
power– A Scheduled Maintenance Program will ensure reliability
• Checking/ Changing Filters– Fuel/ Air/ Oil – Scheduled Fluid Change
• Load Capability – Exercise 30% Nameplate Rating monthly
• ATS Maintenance – Clean and test functionality of components