Date post: | 04-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | lee-booker |
View: | 215 times |
Download: | 0 times |
North Turkey North Turkey Creek Creek
WatershedWatershed
Watershed (Drainage Watershed (Drainage Basin)Basin)
The area of land that is The area of land that is drained by a river and its drained by a river and its
tributaries.tributaries.
Surrounded by higher Surrounded by higher terrain referred to as terrain referred to as
““dividesdivides””..
Water BudgetWater Budget
The amount of water put into a The amount of water put into a watershed minus the amount watershed minus the amount
of water taken out.of water taken out.
Input – Outtakes = Water Input – Outtakes = Water BudgetBudget
Water Budget for N. Turkey Water Budget for N. Turkey CreekCreek
• InputInput
Water Budget for N. Turkey Water Budget for N. Turkey CreekCreek
• Input – PrecipitationInput – Precipitation
Water Budget for N. Turkey Water Budget for N. Turkey CreekCreek
• Input – PrecipitationInput – Precipitation
• Outtakes – Outtakes –
Water Budget for N. Turkey Water Budget for N. Turkey CreekCreek
• Input – PrecipitationInput – Precipitation
• Outtakes – Outtakes – 1.1. EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration
2.2. RunoffRunoff
3.3. GroundwaterGroundwater
Water Budget for N. Turkey Water Budget for N. Turkey CreekCreek
+ Precipitation = 24 inches per year (2 + Precipitation = 24 inches per year (2 ft)ft)
- Evaporation = 82%Evaporation = 82%
- Runoff = 8.1%Runoff = 8.1%
- Groundwater = 9.9%Groundwater = 9.9%
The North Turkey Creek The North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
• 5000 homes5000 homes
• 95% use wells95% use wells
• From 1998 – 2001, the USGS studied From 1998 – 2001, the USGS studied this watershed to try to determine this watershed to try to determine the impacts of people on surface and the impacts of people on surface and ground water through – ground water through – – Watershed mappingWatershed mapping– Determining a “Determining a “Water BudgetWater Budget””
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
Step 1Step 1
Calculate how big the Watershed Calculate how big the Watershed isis
• Outline the watershedOutline the watershed
• Count how many squares are insideCount how many squares are inside
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
• Find the map scaleFind the map scale
• Determine the number of square miles Determine the number of square miles within the watershed areawithin the watershed area
1,393,920,000 ft2
1.39 x 109 ft2
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
Step 2: Step 2:
Determine how much water we Determine how much water we receivereceive
1.39 x 101.39 x 1099 ft ft22 x 2 ft of precipitationx 2 ft of precipitation
1.39 x 101.39 x 1099 ft ft22 x 2 ft = x 2 ft =
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
1.39 x 101.39 x 1099 ft ft22 x 2 ft = x 2 ft =
2.788 x 102.788 x 1099 ftft33
of water each of water each yearyear
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
1.39 x 101.39 x 1099 ft ft22 x 2 ft = x 2 ft =
2.788 x 102.788 x 1099 ft ft33
of water each yearof water each year
How many gallons is this?How many gallons is this?
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
2.788 x 102.788 x 1099 ft ft33 x 7.5 gal/ft x 7.5 gal/ft33 = =
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
2.788 x 102.788 x 1099 ft ft33 x 7.5 gal/ft x 7.5 gal/ft33 = =
2.091x 102.091x 1010 10
gallonsgallons
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
Step 3: Step 3:
Determine how this water is usedDetermine how this water is used
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
Step 3: Step 3:
Determine how this water is usedDetermine how this water is used
EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration = =
2.091x 102.091x 1010 10 gallons of water x 82% = gallons of water x 82% =
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
Step 3: Step 3: Determine how this water is usedDetermine how this water is used
EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration = =
2.091x 102.091x 1010 10 gallons of water x 82% gallons of water x 82% ==1.7 x 101.7 x 1010 10 gallonsgallons
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
Step 3: Step 3:
Determine how this water is usedDetermine how this water is used
RunoffRunoff = =
2.091x 102.091x 1010 10 gallons of water x 8.1% = gallons of water x 8.1% =
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
Step 3: Step 3: Determine how this water is usedDetermine how this water is used
RunoffRunoff = =
2.091x 102.091x 1010 10 gallons of water x 8.1% = gallons of water x 8.1% =
1.69 x 101.69 x 1099 gallons gallons
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
Step 3: Step 3:
Determine how this water is usedDetermine how this water is used
GroundwaterGroundwater = =
2.091x 102.091x 1010 10 gallons of water x 9.9% = gallons of water x 9.9% =
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
Step 3: Step 3: Determine how this water is usedDetermine how this water is used
GroundwaterGroundwater = =
2.091x 102.091x 1010 10 gallons of water x 9.9% = gallons of water x 9.9% = 2.07 x 102.07 x 109 9 gallonsgallons
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
1.1. Evapotranspiration = Evapotranspiration = 1.7 x 101.7 x 1010 10
gallonsgallons
2.2. Runoff = Runoff = 1.69 x 101.69 x 1099 gallons gallons
3.3. Groundwater = Groundwater = 2.07 x 102.07 x 109 9 gallonsgallons
North Turkey Creek North Turkey Creek WatershedWatershed
1.1. Evapotranspiration = Evapotranspiration = 1.7 x 101.7 x 1010 10
gallonsgallons
2.2. Runoff = Runoff = 1.69 x 101.69 x 1099 gallons gallons
3.3. Groundwater = Groundwater = 2.07 x 102.07 x 109 9 gallonsgallons
How much water do we How much water do we use?use?
The average American uses how many The average American uses how many gallons of water each day?gallons of water each day?
100 gallons!!100 gallons!!
How much water do people How much water do people take out of the watershed?take out of the watershed?
Population of North Turkey Creek = 5000 homesPopulation of North Turkey Creek = 5000 homes
A.A.Estimate the number of Estimate the number of people/householdpeople/household2.4 x 5000 = 12,000 people2.4 x 5000 = 12,000 people
B.B.Calculate the amount of water used by Calculate the amount of water used by all the people in the areaall the people in the area
12,000 x 100 gal/day = 1,200,000 gal/day12,000 x 100 gal/day = 1,200,000 gal/day
c.c.Calculate total/yearCalculate total/year
1.2 million gal/day x 365 = 438,000,000 gal/yr1.2 million gal/day x 365 = 438,000,000 gal/yr
Total water used each year in Total water used each year in the North Turkey Creek the North Turkey Creek
watershed:watershed:
438,000,000 gallons 438,000,000 gallons of water per yearof water per year
And this water comes from wells And this water comes from wells extracting groundwater.extracting groundwater.
Is there enough ground water to meet Is there enough ground water to meet this need?this need?
Water Demand = Water Demand = 438,000,000 gallons/year438,000,000 gallons/year
Vs.Vs.
Groundwater Supply = Groundwater Supply =
2,070,000,000 gallons/year2,070,000,000 gallons/year
This means there is enough This means there is enough water! So,…water! So,…
•Where is the water coming from?Where is the water coming from?– Stored groundwater - 10’s to 100’s of years Stored groundwater - 10’s to 100’s of years
oldold– Septic Leachate (we will get into this more Septic Leachate (we will get into this more
later)later)
•What happens if thereWhat happens if there’’s a drought?s a drought?- Precipitation & Runoff decreasePrecipitation & Runoff decrease- Evapotranspiration increaseEvapotranspiration increase- Amount of groundwater will decreaseAmount of groundwater will decrease- Amount of groundwater used will ????Amount of groundwater used will ????
During the 2000-2002 During the 2000-2002 drought…drought…
• Amount of precipitation dropped to Amount of precipitation dropped to
6 in/yr6 in/yr!!
During the 2000-2002 During the 2000-2002 drought…drought…
• Amount of precipitation dropped to 6 Amount of precipitation dropped to 6 in/yr!in/yr!
• The groundwater systems would The groundwater systems would receivereceive
517,522,500 gallons/year517,522,500 gallons/year
5.18 x 105.18 x 1088 gal/yr gal/yr
Let’s Compare…Let’s Compare…
Average Annual
Precipitation
Drought Year Precipitation
Precipitation (in) 24 6
Total Water (gal) 20,910,000,000 5,227,500,000
Evapotranspiration (gal)
17,000,000,000 4,286,550,000
Runoff (gal) 1,690,000,000 428,655,000
Groundwater Recharge (gal)
2,070,000,000 517,522,500
Cause & Effect:Cause & Effect:• Less water to support vegetation Less water to support vegetation
FIRESFIRES
• Less water in streams Less water in streams Fish Die-offs Fish Die-offs
• Less groundwater Less groundwater wells dry up wells dry up
Other things to think Other things to think about…about…
1.1.Increasing PopulationIncreasing Population2.2.Changes in Water useChanges in Water use3.3.Water rights ownershipWater rights ownership4.4. ConservationConservation