Northern Ireland Assembly International Develoopment Strategy

8/6/2019 Northern Ireland Assembly International Develoopment Strategy

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All Party Group onInternationalDevelopment

InternationalDevelopment Strategy for

Northern Ireland

CADA & NI-CO

December 2010

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Introduction

Earlier in 2010, CADA commissioned a piece of research, whichamongst other things, examined the main areas of work and focus

of 21 CADA members and the main areas of commonality betweenthose members, in relation to countries, projects and areas ofwork.1 The report also addressed the areas of its members workwhich correlate to the NI Assembly motion on 1st April 20082

(Appendix 4) and the links of their members work with the DFIDWhite Paper Building our Common Future.3 A further piece ofwork was carried out, scoping the work of DFID and Irish Aid,assessing the commonalities with CADAs priority countries andthemes.

It became clear from the research that the CADA linked overseasprojects are commonly concerned with working towards povertyreduction and the promotion of quality of life.

A number of elements were taken into consideration before apartner country for the international development strategy wasmade, including an examination of the perceived strengths andweaknesses of the International Development strategies of theother two devolved regions. In order to develop a good partnershipmodel, which would be necessary to enable the international

standards on aid and development effectiveness to be met,4

it wasconsidered vital that any country chosen as the focus for NorthernIrelands International Development strategy should already havesome substantial links to more than one international NGO workingout of Northern Ireland.

From the data provided by CADA members, it was discovered thatthe majority of projects and partners are in Africa, followed by Asia,then the Americas and Europe respectively. The research furthershowed that the countries in Africa in which CADA members have a

particular presence include the Democratic Republic of Congo,Tanzania, Malawi and Uganda. When this research was aligned tothe information derived from the scoping exercise undertaken byDFID and Irish Aid, the countries held in common with DFID andIrish Aid were Uganda and Malawi.5

1 Dare 2 Stretch Report. 31/3/20102 http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/record/reports2007/080401.htm3 http://www.dfid.gov.uk/documents/whitepaper/building-our-common-future-print.pdf

4The Paris Declaration and Accra Agenda for Action

http://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html#AAA5 Powerpoint presentation to Assembly All Party Group on Int Development on 22 June 2010

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http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/record/reports2007/080401.htmhttp://www.dfid.gov.uk/documents/whitepaper/building-our-common-future-print.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html#AAAhttp://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html#AAAhttp://www.niassembly.gov.uk/record/reports2007/080401.htmhttp://www.dfid.gov.uk/documents/whitepaper/building-our-common-future-print.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html#AAAhttp://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html#AAA


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Having carefully considered these two options, it was felt that asScotland was linked to Malawi, Uganda appeared to be emerging asa likely partner country. When CADA went on to examine the extentof partner involvement and activity levels in Uganda, as well as theperceived gaps in development plans, it was felt that Uganda met

the criteria as it was a country with substantial links to many CADAmembers and a long history of partnership working.

Like Northern Ireland, there have been problems with

sectarianism for many centuries (the 4 main tribal groupshave had long standing and often bloody conflicts).

Like Northern Ireland, Uganda has just emerged from a longperiod of conflict and is beginning to develop a new identityfor itself on the world stage.

Like Northern Ireland, young people and those living on the

margins have been disproportionately affected by the conflictand many have been caught up in para-militarism (LordsResistance Army).

Like Northern Ireland, Uganda has a high percentage of young

people with 50% of the country being under 14. It has, infact, the second highest birth rate in the world.

Like Northern Ireland, there is a high level of agriculturalemployment and activity.

In further discussions with CADA members, it was decided that to

make the maximum possible sustainable impact, the strategyshould concentrate on a region within Uganda, rather than attemptto cover the whole country. The area chosen was the North East.This area, which comprises Teso (population of about 1.5m people,which includes Katakwi, Amuria, Soroti, Bukedea, Kumi andKameramaido regions) and Karamoja (population of about 1mpeople,) was chosen as it has many parallels with Northern Ireland.Teso and Karamoja are two districts which sit geographically in theNE corner of a larger country. They are remote from the capital andfor a number of reasons, they are, perhaps, the most disadvantaged

and under-developed regions of Uganda. They have high numbersof people affected by the recent internal conflict, with many havingbeen involved personally in the violence. A disproportionate numberare young people.In considering the areas of overlap between CADA-relatedprogrammes and those supported by DFID and Irish Aid, it emergedthat Livelihood, Security/Rural Development, Health and Education,were held in common.6

6 Powerpoint presentation to Assembly All Party Group on Int Development on 22 June 2010

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Development values and methodology

The area of international development has changed dramaticallyover the past two decades and has taken on a particular focus sincethe publication and adoption of the United Nations Millennium

Development Goals.7 Any development strategy which is agreed bythe Assembly must be seen to be contributing to meeting these 8Goals.

In brief, they aim to:

1. eradicate extreme poverty and hunger;2. achieve universal primary education;3. promote gender equality and empower women;4. reduce child mortality by two thirds for children under

five;5. improve maternal health;6. combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases;7. ensure environmental sustainability;8. develop a global partnership for development.

It is believed that achieving these goals would lift at least 500million people out of poverty. In addition the programme designedshould be compliant with worldwide best practice for aideffectiveness as laid down in the Paris Declaration and the Accra

Agenda for Action ,8

to which Ireland and the UK are signatories.This means that all support and interventions should be aligned withthe following principles.

Ownership - Developing countries set their own strategies forpoverty reduction, improve their institutions and tackle corruption.

Alignment - Donor countries align behind these objectives and uselocal systems.

Harmonisation - Donor countries coordinate, simplify proceduresand share information to avoid duplication.

Results - Developing countries and donors shift focus todevelopment results and results get measured.

Mutual Accountability - Donors and partners are accountable fordevelopment results.

7 http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals8 http://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html

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Predictability donors will provide 3-5 year forward information ontheir planned aid to partner countries.

Country systems partner country systems will be used to deliveraid as the first option, rather than donor systems.

Conditionality donors will switch from reliance on prescriptiveconditions about how and when aid money is spent to conditionsbased on the developing countrys own development objectives.

Untying donors will relax restrictions that prevent developingcountries from buying the goods and services they need fromwhomever and wherever they can get the best quality at the lowestprice.

The support would be focused in four clear themes (Health,Education, and Livelihood Security/Rural Development) and wouldaim to deliver clear development outcomes9 and developmentresults10 over a period of time.

Any work undertaken will be in harmony with the NationalDevelopment Plan11 which is the Ugandan governments overalldevelopment framework, which was approved in 2010 and runsuntil 2014/2015. The thrust of the programme focuses on wealthcreation and is entitled Growth, Employment and Prosperity for

Socio-Economic Transformation and supports the need for selfsufficiency which our regional strategy would seek to promote.

Possible Key PrinciplesThis strategy will be based on the following principles:

o building strong and effective partnerships between N Ireland

and NE Uganda by facilitating the transfer and exchange ofknowledge, skills and expertise between the two regions;

o ensuring that all actions undertaken are beneficial to both

regions;

o ensuring that all actions in NE Uganda, correlate with theUgandan Governments development plans12:

o ensuring that sustainable development13 is at the centre of all

actions undertaken;

o complementing sustainable international development policy

of the two governments (UK and Ireland) and the work of themajor agencies;

9 http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/29/21/2754804.pdf10 http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/53/42447575.pdf11

http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_NDP_April_2010.pdfaccessed 21/12/1012 http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_NDP_April_2010.pdfaccessed 21/12/1013 http://www.defra.gov.uk/sustainable/government/international/index.htm

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http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/29/21/2754804.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/53/42447575.pdfhttp://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_NDP_April_2010.pdfhttp://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_NDP_April_2010.pdfhttp://www.defra.gov.uk/sustainable/government/international/index.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/29/21/2754804.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/53/42447575.pdfhttp://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_NDP_April_2010.pdfhttp://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_NDP_April_2010.pdfhttp://www.defra.gov.uk/sustainable/government/international/index.htm


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o reflecting the strengths and connections of the people and

communities of N Ireland in international sustainabledevelopment;

o assisting in the delivery of the Millennium Development Goals.

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Summary of DFID collaboration with Irish Aid in Uganda

Irish Aid and DFID are both members of the group of 11 budget

support donors in Uganda, which support the Government ofUganda (GoU) in its own effort to reduce poverty, by putting moneyinto the governments budget. The other nine development partnersare the EC, WB, and Governments of Austria, Belgium, Denmark,Germany (KfW), Norway, Netherlands, and Sweden. The JointBudget Support development partners, as this group of 11 isknown, work together to monitor government performance acrossfour sectors (health, education, water/sanitation and roads) using a

Joint Assessment Framework. And it is on the basis of annualperformance that individual disbursement decisions are made.

DFID is not directly involved in N/E Uganda in the health andeducation sectors directly. Our intervention in the health andeducation sectors is made through our General Budget Supportwhich covers the whole country. DFID does not earmark its GeneralBudget Support by sectors, but rather we attribute spending on thebasis of GoU allocations. In 2010/11, the share of the GoU budgetallocated to the health and education sectors was 8.8% and 15.8%respectively.

DFID and Irish Aid are supporting the Government of Uganda (GoU)through the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Developmentwith a 40m (DFID- 33m and Irish Aid 7m) grant over 5 years tosupport its Expanding Social Protection Programme. The keyobjectives of the programme are to develop a national socialprotection system which will improve governments funding and co-ordination on social protection programmes. It will also pilot a cashtransfer programme that will also provide monthly cash grants topoor Ugandans which will improve household incomes, educationand health among the poorest Ugandans. It is believed that this will

help break the generational cycle of chronic poverty.

The cash grants of UGX(Shillings) 22,000 (USD 10) per month willgo to 95,000 households, reaching 600,000 people, in 14 of thepoorest districts in Uganda. Two of the pilot districts (Moroto andNakapiripirit) are in Karamoja and it is these districts that Irish Aidwill fund, Karamoja being a key geographic focus for Irish Aid.

Irish Aid is one of the 6 development partners working together onthe Deepening Democracy Programme (the total programme budgetis 12m - DFID contributes 6m and Irish Aid 900,000 Euros). Thegoal of the programme is to contribute to improved democraticgovernance in Uganda. Its purpose is to increase informed, active,

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pluralistic participation of Ugandas citizens in the political process.It also aims to build the capacity of Ugandan institutions critical topromoting public participation and to holding the state accountableto citizens needs and concerns. To accomplish these goals,the programme supports a set of inter-related strategic actions

carried out by state and non-state actors, ranging from Parliamentand the Electoral Commission to political parties, civil societyorganizations and the media. The Deepening DemocracyProgramme five strategic objectives are enhancing the integrity ofelections; institutionalising an effective multi-party political system;strengthening parliamentary autonomy and oversight; encouragingmore active and participatory civic engagement; and strengtheninga free media to promote accountability.DFID has recently provided 800,000 in support to the Uganda

Police Force (UPF) as part of the joint Anglo/Irish programme ofassistance aimed at strengthening the UPFs capacity in public ordermanagement and community policing in the run up to the 2011elections in Uganda. Irish Aids contribution is 830,000. DFID has adelegated cooperation agreement such that Irish Aid leads on thisprogramme.

Irish Aid and DFID have recently agreed (October 2010) to co-fundan International Alert project aimed at generating higher levels oftrust and accountability concerning oil between government/oil

companies and Ugandan citizens, as well as between differentcommunities. The project outputs include: 1) significantly improvedinformation flow concerning oil in Uganda; 2) strong and informednetworks of civil society and parliament able to hold bothgovernment and oil companies accountable regarding oil activityand mitigate conflict risks; 3) internalisation of conflict-sensitivebusiness practices by oil companies operating in Uganda; 4)established channels of cross-border exchange and solidarity aboutoil among DRC and Ugandan stakeholders.

Irish Aid and DFID are also members of a group of developmentpartners working together on the design of the DemocraticGovernance Facility Programme, scheduled to start in June 2011.DFID is the chair of the Democratic Governance Facility PlanningGroup and Irish Aid have been active participants in contributing tothe design of Pillar 3 of the programme on voice and accountability.Pillar 3 will be to support to Civil Society organisations by1) providing core funding to a nucleus of credible anti-corruptionCSOs able to undertake high level analysis and advocacy thatleverages local monitoring and institutional change, and operational

support to selected District Networks to strengthen engagementplatforms with Local Governments; 2) supporting civil society

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DFID in the interim will keep monitoring the food securitysituation in Karamoja region and will continue to provide financialassistance to sustain any short-term humanitarian responsewhich might become necessary.

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Summary of Irish Aid work in Uganda

Uganda is one of the nine priority countries where Irish Aid is

committed to delivering long term strategic assistance. In 2010, the

Irish Aid budget for Uganda was 33 million. The goal of the current

Irish Aid Country Strategy Paper for Uganda, which covers the

period 2010-2014, is to reduce chronic poverty and vulnerability in

line with the Ugandan National Development Plan. This renewed

focus on the chronically poor sees Irish Aid target its support at the

most impoverished region of the country, Karamoja in Northern

Uganda. This region presents a unique problem in terms of poverty,

with 70% of the people living below the poverty line, compared to

31% nationally. The Strategy provides support at national level

through assistance for education and HIV and AIDS, withgovernance also a central element of Irelands support.

Education is central to reducing poverty, and Irish Aids

support to the education sector contributed to a 9% increase

in total primary school enrolment from 7.5 million pupils in

2008 to 8.2 million in 2009. In Karamoja, Irish Aid supports a

Post Primary Education and Training Programme which

includes construction of classrooms, laboratories, libraries,

latrines and water points in 13 institutions. Irish Aid is alsohelping to improve the participation of vulnerable children in

post-primary education in Karamoja through a bursary

scheme that covers the cost of school fees, boarding and

textbooks. A total of 720 students are benefiting from the

scheme and 65% of the bursaries are allocated to girls.

A second priority for Irish Aid is HIV and AIDS. Support for

HIV and AIDS prevention and control activities in Uganda has

provided assistance to over 41,000 orphans and vulnerablechildren, the provision of counselling and testing for over

150,000 people and assistance to over 2,300 pregnant women

in prevention of mother to child transmission.

A new and important area for Irish Aid is social protection,

which offers poor households the potential, over the long

term, to escape from chronic poverty. A pilot programme has

been designed jointly between the Government of Uganda,

Irish Aid and the UK Department for International

Development that involves cash transfers to very poor

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households in eight districts of Uganda. Irish Aids support will

target 16,500 poor households in Karamoja.

Strengthening governance is a major aspect of Irish Aids

work in Uganda. This is achieved through a combination ofpolitical dialogue with the Government and leadership of

Uganda and targeted assistance for programmes aimed at

promoting democracy, the rule of law and the fight against

corruption. Access to justice remains a major challenge in

Uganda, especially for the poor. With the support of Irish Aid,

legal aid was provided to 5,911 poor and disadvantaged

Ugandans. Another major challenge is the overcrowded prison

system. Irish Aid support to a legal advisory service helped to

reduce overcrowding in the prisons by securing the release of

24,000 prisoners, either on bail or through community service

orders.

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What the region could bring to the table in the area ofInternational Development

Whilst the main responsibility for international development withinthe United Kingdom lies with the UK Department for International

Development (DfID), Northern Ireland remains the only devolvedregion without a specific response to contributing to internationaldevelopment. Northern Ireland has had a long history of working inpartnership overseas, in particular in Africa. From early faith basedlinks, through mission agencies and churches, this co-working nowembraces aid and humanitarian work, public sector support (Ni-Co),private sector trade links, through to individual community tocommunity projects.

There are a number of ways in which Northern Ireland has

contributed and can continue to do so in overseas development, aswell as receiving from that partnership.

Giving

Context: The world is not on target to meet the MDG goals. Whilstprogress is being made in many areas, the targets for Sub SaharanAfrica, in particular, are unlikely to be met. The HIV/AIDS pandemiccontinues to undermine any progress that is made and Africaremains the only continent not on track to meet any of the MDGs by

2015.

1. As a society emerging from conflict, Northern Ireland is in theposition to share learning from its own experiences.

2. As a society which has been the beneficiary of overseas

support during the past four decades, there is a moralimperative to share with others in greater need.

3. As a society with extensive links to Uganda through the CADAmembership and beyond, Northern Ireland can build on thoselinks and partnerships and through this can contribute

positively towards the fulfilment of the MDGs.4. Northern Ireland has a history of volunteering and giving, a

substantial element of which has been overseas. CADAmembers raised collectively in the region of 23 million fromthe NI public in 2009. This background, added to the overseasdevelopment experience, is a huge hidden resource.

5. In addition to the traditional development work carried out bythe NGOs, there is the potential to co-ordinate thedevelopment of internships, mentoring programmes,placements, job exchanges, school to school and communityto community links.

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Receiving

Context: This work starts to build the foundations in helping NIsociety to be more outward and forward looking by promoting the

region positively in international settings such as NE Uganda. In thiscontext there is huge potential for accruing benefit from thispartnership as well.

1. Enhance mutually beneficial trade links between NorthernIreland and developing countries.

2. Further collaborative work between NI and Ugandan

academical institutions.3. An enhanced understanding of global interdependence.4. Helping to tackle world poverty and providing assistance when

there is major disaster or emergency, is part of being a goodinternational citizen in the global community. Support forinternational sustainable development has many benefits forthe people of this region in Ireland.

5. Northern Ireland will be able to join with the other RegionalAssemblies in Scotland and Wales in developing a sustainableinternational strategy and supporting the eradication ofpoverty and playing a small but important part in achievingthe 2015 MDGs.

6. Begin to increase greater awareness of benefits and

importance of sustainable development through NI society leading to possible greater knowledge, interest, skills andappreciation of international development throughout thewhole of NI.

7. Making Northern Ireland an example of Fairtrade and ethicalprocurement by promoting best practice in Fairtrade andethical procurement across the public sector.

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Possible methodology

The Assembly, through its interventions, would seek to:

o Carry out a scoping exercise of the current international

development support in N E Uganda, through CADAmembership, to find the gaps in provision in the areas ofLivlihood Security/Rural Development, Health and Education.

o Establish a long term, international development strategy

based around those key themes. As Health and Educationinterventions require communities to have a basic level ofLivlihood security to be able to be sustained, the strategyshould be prioritised on Livlihood security/Rural development.Where appropriate levels of Livlihood security exists, healthand education initiatives could be supported.

o Complement and work within existing Ugandan Governmentpoverty reduction strategies, (the Uganda NationalDevelopment Plan14 and the Peace, Recovery andDevelopment Plan for Northern Uganda)15 and where possible,work through existing in country partners.

o Consider whether conflict resolution work should be an

additional theme, given the past of both regions.

o Develop, establish and maintain a strategy which would

facilitate the provision of technical assistance (with thepossible addition of a small grants scheme), based on the key

themes, which would offer support to agencies and groupswhich aim to work with partners in NE Uganda, to further theaims and objectives of the Development Strategy.

o Encourage public and private sector placements and

partnerships which contribute to the delivery of this strategy.

o Build the capacity of Northern Irish International Development

NGOs currently engaged in the region and to aid the co-ordination of the regions support as a whole, in order tostrengthen impact on MDG delivery in NE Uganda.

o To facilitate, as appropriate, the entry of new Northern Irish,

international NGOs into the region, where value addedoutcomes and impact is delivered.

o Promote and encourage international sustainable development

support and volunteering to the Northern Irish public.o Promote and encourage a greater understanding of Global

Development and global interconnections among the NIpublic.

14 http://www.finance.go.ug/docs/NDP_April_2010-Prot.pdfaccessed 7/11/201015

http://www.internaldisplacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/F9933A32534907A8C12573B700779C11/$file/PRDP+Sep+2007.pdfaccessed7/11/2010

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o Bring benefit to grass roots projects in the poorest regions,

which deliver sustainable and tangible outcomes.

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Rationale: The Ugandan Context

a) Assistance Budget

Uganda receives almost $1.8 billion per annum in international

development assistance and was the largest recipient of Irish Aiddevelopment assistance during the period 2000-9, with over 118mof support being given with a focus on Education, Poverty reductionand HIV/Aids work (80% through government interventions). DFIDbi-lateral aid amounts to 71m, with 15% spent on Social Services,14% spent on Health, and 13% on Education. Of its 94programmes, about 1/3rd are in the themed areas. The UKgovernment is currently carrying out a review of its bi-lateral aidprogramme. As a part of ongoing European support, theGovernment of Uganda and the European Union signed a budget

support agreement for 175 million over six years (2008/09 to2013/14) in May 2009.16 This includes support for micro-finance andhealth related programmes, including Improving Sexual andReproductive Health in N Uganda.17 In addition, in October this year,Uganda received another $100m from the World Bank in budgetsupport to sustain its economic performance and poverty reductionprogrammes.18 Uganda joined the World Bank Group in 1963 with acredit from the World Bank's and since then, the Bank has madeavailable more than US$6.6 billion in financing: over US $6.0 billionin loans and credits and over US $600 million in grants. The Bank

has already committed US$1.2 billion to finance various programsand projects between 2009 and 2011. Currently (September 2010),the portfolio comprises 22 active projects with commitments ofapproximately US$1.6billion in all major sectors.19

All Aid is co-ordinated through the Ugandan Joint AssistanceStrategy20. Its purpose is to;

Support implementation of the country-owned and led revisedNDP21 to achieve the MDGs;

Collaborate more effectively, both among development partnersand with the government; Focus on results and outcomes (including managing resources andimproving decision-making for results, and strengthening systemsfor monitoring and evaluation).

16 EU press release 12 August 2010.17 http://www.deluga.ec.europa.eu/en/programmes/index.htm accessed 2/11/201018 http://www.newvision.co.ug/detail.php?newsCategoryId=220&newsId=734001 accessed 2/11/201019http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0,,m

enuPK:374871~pagePK:141159~piPK:141110~theSitePK:374864,00.html accessed 3/11/201020 http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/43/36187310.pdf accessed 2/11/201021 http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_NDP_April_2010.pdfaccessed 22/12/10

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http://www.deluga.ec.europa.eu/en/programmes/index.htmhttp://www.newvision.co.ug/detail.php?newsCategoryId=220&newsId=734001http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0,,menuPK:374871~pagePK:141159~piPK:141110~theSitePK:374864,00.htmlhttp://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0,,menuPK:374871~pagePK:141159~piPK:141110~theSitePK:374864,00.htmlhttp://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/43/36187310.pdfhttp://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_NDP_April_2010.pdfhttp://www.deluga.ec.europa.eu/en/programmes/index.htmhttp://www.newvision.co.ug/detail.php?newsCategoryId=220&newsId=734001http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0,,menuPK:374871~pagePK:141159~piPK:141110~theSitePK:374864,00.htmlhttp://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/UGANDAEXTN/0,,menuPK:374871~pagePK:141159~piPK:141110~theSitePK:374864,00.htmlhttp://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/43/36187310.pdfhttp://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_NDP_April_2010.pdf


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There is now, in addition, a joint budget support framework inplace, through which financial support is monitored andcoordinated. 22 Only the US sits outside this framework.

b) Areas of focus

The four themes on which this strategy is based are derived fromthree main contexts, the work of CADA members, the focus of DFIDand Irish Aid and the Ugandan governments own priorities.Over 70% of the total population of Ugandas 27 people million livein the rural areas and derive their livelihood from subsistenceagriculture and also form the large majority of the poor. ThePoverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP)23 is governments broaddevelopment framework in which government committed itself toreduce the proportion of the population living in absolute povertyfrom the level of 44% (1997) to almost 10% by the Year 2017.24

This was recently revised and the National Development Plan (NDP)has replaced the PEAP as the governments overall developmentframework.

The Theme of the NDP is Growth, Employment and Prosperity forSocio- Economic Transformation.

To achieve the NDP Theme, eight objectives have been formulatedas follows:

(a) Increasing household incomes and promoting equity. Theattainment of this objective is critical for sustainable economicdevelopment. This will be assessed by measuring changes inincreased income per capita; increased income distribution;increased employment; enhanced skills development; and increasedagricultural production and productivity.

(b) Enhancing the availability and quality of gainful employment;the attainment of this objective will be assessment based; increasedemployment opportunities; increased hi-tech and other professional

employment; increased earnings; increased industrial productionand productivity.

(c) Improving stock and quality of economic infrastructure. Thisobjective has two aspects: the quantity and quality aspects. Itsattainment will be assessed by increased access and consumption ofelectricity; increased quantity and quality of road network;

22 http://www.independent.co.ug/index.php/component/content/article/1948?format=pdfaccessed3/11/201023 http://www.un.org/jsummit/html/calendar/meeting.docs/ugandapresentation1120.doc accessed

3/11/201024 DFID Research Strategy (2008 - 2013) Consultation - Africa Country Report for Uganda PICO-UgandaNovember, 2007

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increased functionality of the railway network; increased access totelecommunication services; increased access to public masstransport; increased access to affordable banking services andcredit; increased access to quality social services.

(d) Ultimately fruits of development are indicated by the socialstatus of the population. Common measures of this objective are:literacy levels; life expectancy at birth; infant mortality rate;maternal mortality rate; safe water coverage ratio; sanitationlevels; incident of communicable diseases; and HIV/AIDS.

(e) Promoting science, technology, innovation and ICT to enhancecompetitiveness. Assessment of this objective will be based on thepercentage of exports; high technology content to the total exports;strengthened institutional capacity and status for science and

technology; increased capacity for R&D and innovation; increasedcapacity, access and use of ICT; increased number of S&T and ICTprofessionals.

(f) Enhancing human capital development: This objective is acornerstone of sustainable development and its achievement will beassessed by: increased skilled manpower among nationals;increased institutional capacity for relevant skills development;increased proportion of regional and international students trained.

(g) Strengthening good governance, defence and security; there arelimited indicators for this objective. In this NDP, this objective willbe assessed based on improved socio-economic governance;improved economic governance and management; improvedcorporate governance; improved democracy and politicalgovernance; and improved security.

(h) Promoting sustainable population and use of the environmentand natural resources. To assess the attainment of this, thefollowing will be measured: improved population health status;

improved human settlement and urbanization; degradedecosystems restored; improved management of environmentalresources.

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Livelihood Security/ Rural Development

Household livelihood security is defined as adequate andsustainable access to income and resources to meet basic needs

(including adequate access to food, potable water, health facilities,educational opportunities, housing, time for community participationand social integration).25 A livelihood is sustainable when it "cancope with and recover from the stress and shocks, maintain itscapability and assets, and provide sustainable livelihoodopportunities for the next generation..."26

Current CADA work in Uganda;

o War on Want sustainable livlihoods (agriculture and

livestock) livestock management, improved farming methodsand capacity building.

o Concern water and sanitation.

o Fields of Life income generating projects.

o Oxfam securing basic needs for pastoralist communities.

o Trocaire sustainable livelihoods.

o TEAR fund poverty reduction and community

empowerment - Karamoja Dioceses Development Services.

o Bothar dairy and farming projects.

25 T.R. Frankenberger and M.K. McCaston The household livelihood security concept Food, Nutrition andAgricultureIssue number: 22 1998

26Chambers, R. & Conway, G. 1992. Sustainable rural livelihoods: practical concepts for the 21st century. IDS DiscussionPaper No. 296. Brighton, UK, Institute of Development Studies.

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Health

Current CADA workin Uganda;

o War on Want - HIV/AIDS work.

o British Red Cross HIV.

o Concern Health, HIV, water and sanitation.

o Fields of Life Wells developed.

o Trocaire HIV/Aids awareness.

o TEAR fund - AIDS Intervention Projects including HIVeducation, prevention and counselling.

o Habitat for Humanity - works with orphans and vulnerable

children and their caregivers.

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Education

Current CADA work in Uganda;

o War on Want advocacy and rural training includingenvironment.

o Tools for sustainability 10 vocational training centres.

o Concern community rights, HIV/Aids awareness.

o Fields of Life school building.

o Trocaire peace-building and supporting civil society/human

rights.

o TEAR Fund Aids awareness and Church leader training.

o Christian Aid - rehabilitating rescued child soldiers,

reconciliation between ethnic groups and supporting refugeeswith legal advice and counselling.

o Habitat for Humanity - Habitat Uganda offers training on

HIV/AIDS awareness, succession planning and life skills.

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The key outcomes/impact would be linked to a logframe.This would be in country high level outcomes as well asoutcomes for the region.

An Example:

Theme: Health

Area: HIV awarenessamongst young women aged 14-18 in Soroti.

Activity: Series of one hour activity based workshops.

Output: 10 one hour sessions over a three month period for 24young women aged 14-18.

Outcomes: a) Raised awareness over the causes of HIV/Aids;b) Raised awareness of ways in which infection from HIV/Aids canbe caused; c) Personal awareness of risks of infection fromHIV/Aids; d) Personal awareness of how to prevent infection fromHIV/Aids.

Impact: Reduced infection rate of X% from HIV/Aids amongstyoung women over a five year period. Contribute to LivlihoodSecurity by increasing life expectancy and providing better health.

Indicators: Can be drawn up to evidence the outcomes andimpact.

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Annexe 1: Map and Facts

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Facts about Uganda

o Population: 30.7 million (Uganda Bureau of Statistics 2009).

o 0-14 years: 50%, 15-64 years: 47.9%, 65 years and over:

2.1% (2010 est.)

o Average life expectancy: 50 years (PHC, 2002). UK: 78 years

(UN Statistics Division (UNSD), 2007).

o Average per capita income: US$300 (Uganda Demographic

and Health Survey (2006). UK: US$33,800 (WDI, 2007).o Gross national income : US$28.46 billion (WB, 2007).

o Average annual growth rate: 3.2% (Uganda Bureau of

Statistics, 2006).o Percentage of people not meeting daily food needs: 31% live

below national poverty line (WB, 2005-06).o Women dying in childbirth: 435 per 100,000 live births

(UDHS, 2006). UK: 13 per 100,000 (UNSD, 2007).

o Children dying before age 5: 137 per 1,000 live births (UDHS,

2006). UK: 6 per 1,000 (UNSD, 2005).

o Average life expectancy 53 (204th in world).

o Percentage of children receiving primary school education:

52% primary school completion (Education ManagementInformation System, 2009).

o Percentage of people aged 15-49 living with HIV/AIDS: 6.4%

(Uganda HIV/AIDS Sero-Behavioural Survey, 2004-05). UK:0.2% (UNSD, 2005). 14th in world.

o Percentage of people with access to safe, clean water: 65%

(Uganda Water and Environment Sector Report, 2009).

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Annex 2: Ugandas Progress towards MillenniumDevelopment Goals

Uganda has made substantial progress towards achieving theMDGs, although more needs to be done if all are to be attained.

With continued good policies, Uganda appears likely to achievetargets for Goals 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8, which respectively are to:eradicate extreme poverty; promote gender equality and empowerwomen; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; ensureenvironmental sustainability; and develop a global partnership fordevelopment. Uganda may also be able to achieve Goal 2 - achieveuniversal primary education with greater effort to encouragechildren to complete primary education and with improvedpolicies, strengthened institutions, and additional funding, thecountry may be able to meet the target for hunger. However,

progress towards Goals 4 and 5 to reduce child mortality and toimprove maternal health is uncertain.27

MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hungerUganda is on track to meet the income poverty MDG. Theproportion of people living below the poverty line declined from56% in 1992 -93 to 31% in 2005-06. However, regional differencesin poverty remain, with the highest levels in the north at aroundtwice the national average.

MDG 2: Achieve universal primary educationNet primary school enrolment reached 93.2% in 2008-09, up from84% in 2005-06. The primary education completion rate has alsorisen, but remains low at 51.7%. Uganda is, therefore, unlikely tomeet MDG2.

MDG 3: Promote gender equality and empower womenThe ratio of girls to boys in primary education has now equalised.Over 2 million more girls are now enrolled in primary school eachyear compared to 1997. In addition, 30% of Members of theUgandan Parliament are women.

MDG 4: Reduce child mortalityDeaths among children under five years old have decreased from158 per 1,000 live births to 130 per 1,000 (2000/01 - 2007), anddeaths of infants have declined from 89 per 1,000 live births to 75per 1,000 (2000/01 - 2006). Despite these improvements, Ugandais still off track to meet this MDG.

MDG 5: Improve maternal healthUganda is severely off track to meet this MDG, the number of

women who die in child birth being 435 deaths per 100,000 live27 http://www.undp.or.ug/mdgs/25 accessed 6/11/2010

28
http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Global-Issues/Millennium-Development-Goals/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Global-Issues/Millennium-Development-Goals/http://www.undp.or.ug/mdgs/25http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Global-Issues/Millennium-Development-Goals/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Global-Issues/Millennium-Development-Goals/http://www.undp.or.ug/mdgs/25


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births (2006). However, this is a slight improvement from 2000-01,when the maternal mortality rate was 505 deaths per 100,000 livebirths.

MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Since 2003, HIV prevalence reduction has stabilised at 6.4%. Thenumbers of new infections, however, are rising and the epidemic isshifting from young people (19-24 yrs) to older age groups (34-49yrs).

Incidence rates are increasing in married couples.

MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainabilityUganda is judged to be on track towards the target of providing71.5% of its population with clean drinking water. In 2009, 65% of

the rural population had access to an improved water source. TheMDG target for improved sanitation, however, is severely off track.

MDG 8: Develop a global partnership for developmentAn element of this MDG is access to communications technology.From 2000 to 2006, according to the UN, the number of people inUganda with a mobile phone subscription rose massively from 0.52per 100 to 6.73 per 100.28

28

http://www.ugandahighcommission.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:ugandas-progress-towards-millennium-development-goals&catid=1:high-commission-london accessed 6/11/2010

29
http://www.ugandahighcommission.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:ugandas-progress-towards-millennium-development-goals&catid=1:high-commission-londonhttp://www.ugandahighcommission.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:ugandas-progress-towards-millennium-development-goals&catid=1:high-commission-londonhttp://www.ugandahighcommission.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:ugandas-progress-towards-millennium-development-goals&catid=1:high-commission-londonhttp://www.ugandahighcommission.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:ugandas-progress-towards-millennium-development-goals&catid=1:high-commission-londonhttp://www.ugandahighcommission.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:ugandas-progress-towards-millennium-development-goals&catid=1:high-commission-londonhttp://www.ugandahighcommission.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:ugandas-progress-towards-millennium-development-goals&catid=1:high-commission-london


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Annex 3: A brief History of Uganda

o Uganda straddles the equator and is surrounded by the great

lakes of central Africa and because of its situation, was one ofthe last parts of the continent to be reached by outsiders inthe mid 1800s.

o During the successive 100 years, British control of Uganda

developed, initially through The Imperial British East AfricaCompany, until Uganda became a Protectorate just before theturn of the 20th Century.

o During this period, Uganda grew prosperous as cotton,

introduced by the British, was grown with great success.

o In the years after World War II, Britain realised that the

federal system was not an appropriate method of governanceand so began the long movement towards independence.

o Eventually Britain granted Uganda full internal self-

government in March 1962 and in the following month MiltonObote was elected prime minister. The constitution hadrecognition of the Bugandan King, Mutesa, as President.

o In 1966 the deteriorating relationship between Obote and

Mutesa came to an abrupt end. Obote sent a force, led by hisnewly appointed army commander Idi Amin, to attack thekabaka's palace and he fled into to exile in Britain.

o Obote immediately introduced a new constitution which

abolished the hereditary kingdoms, ended the nation's federalstructure and provided for an executive president - a posttaken by Obote himself in addition to being prime minister.

o In 1971, when Obote was abroad, his regime was toppled in a

coup led by Idi Amin. Obote settled just over the border fromUganda in neighbouring Tanzania

o The country's economy was severely damaged in 1972, when

Amin suddenly expelled all Uganda's Asians, the nation's maintrading middle class. He went on to persecute tribes otherthan his own and murdered or tortured between 100,000 and500,000 Ugandans during his seven years in power.

o In 1978 Amin invaded Tanzania and Julius Nyerere, the

Tanzanian president, took the opportunity to repel Amin'sarmy and topple his power base. Amin fled to Saudi Arabia.

o During the next twelve months there were two interim

governments led by returning Ugandan exiles until in May1980 a Ugandan general, Tito Okello, organized a coup whichbrought Obote back into power. During the 1980s Obote usedviolent means to reimpose his rule, while the countrycontinued to suffer economic chaos as well as many tribalmassacres which were carried out by armed factions.

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o In 1985 Tito Okello intervened once more, driving Obote back

into exile. Okello lasted for a very short time and Musevenisupported by National Resistance Army set up a governmentof national unity, with himself as president.

o It is a turning point in Uganda's history. A decade later the

country is back under the rule of law (apart from somenorthern regions, where rebellion rumbles on). The economyis now making vast strides with general improvements ineducation, health and transport (though not in the NorthEast).

o International approval brought with it a new willingness to

invest and to lend. The nation, emerging from two decades ofappalling chaos, was suddenly almost a model for Africa. Hedescribes his Uganda as a 'no-party democracy', claiming thatpeople of widely differing views can argue their case to the

electorate as competing individuals.o As Uganda prepares for elections in February 2011, four

candidates for Presidency have emerged Yoweri KagutaMuseveni of the National Resistance Movement (NRM), KizzaBesigye of the Forum for Democratic Change (FDC), BidandiSsali of the Peoples Progressive Party (PPP) and Norbert Maoof the Democratic Party (DP). In a bid to beat the deadline forthe national nominations of parliamentary candidates, theNRM is to hold primary elections on November 18 in areaswhere the polls were either disputed or not held.

Conflict has long been a backdrop to Uganda as has beenevidenced in the world press with the threat of the Lord'sResistance Army.

Uganda's 18-year-long battle against the brutal Lord's ResistanceArmy (LRA), an extremist rebel group based in Sudan, showed signsof abating in August 2006, when the rebels agreed to declare atruce. Between 8,000 and 10,000 children have been abducted bythe LRA to form the army of "prophet" Joseph Kony, whose aim was

to take over Uganda and run it according to his vision ofChristianity. The boys are turned into soldiers and the girls into sexslaves. Up to 1.5 million people in northern Uganda have beendisplaced because of the fighting and the fear that their children willbe abducted. Kony and three other LRA leaders have been indictedon charges of crimes against humanity by the International CriminalCourt. The LRA and the government signed a permanent cease-firein February 2008. Kony failed to show up to sign the landmarkagreement several times in 2008, dashing hopes for formalizedpeace. The rebels, however, sought a cease-fire in January 2009,

after the armies of Uganda, Southern Sudan, and Congo attackedtheir bases.

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Internal feuds between Ateso and Karamajong have been endemicfor centuries with many thousands dying through inter tribalviolence. Modern day terrorism is no stranger to Uganda, as wasevidenced in July 2010, when about 75 people watching the finalgame of the World Cup in a Kampala restaurant were killed in an

explosion. The Somali militant Islamist group Al-Shabab claimedresponsibility for the bombing, saying the attack was aimed atdiscouraging countries from supporting the transitional governmentin Somalia. Al-Shabab has been battling Somalia's weak, Western-backed government for power for several years. Uganda contributestroops to an African Union force that has been propping up thegovernment in Somalia.

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Annex 4 : Motion brought to Assembly by the All Party Groupon International Development on 1 April 2008

That this Assembly recognises its responsibility to reflect NorthernIrelands concerns about, and charity towards, the developing

world; acknowledges the international support afforded to helpresolve Northern Irelands problems; commits, in line with theUnited Kingdom and Irish Governments, the Scottish Parliamentand the Welsh Assembly, to embedding support for the principles ofinternational development into devolved government, and tosupporting the work of Northern Ireland-based organisationsinvolved in the area of international development; notes the reportand implementation plan produced in 2003 by the Assemblys All-party Group on International Development; endorses the UnitedNations Millennium Development Goals, and the United Kingdom

and Irish Governments commitments to meet 07% Gross NationalIncome contributions to achieving these goals in an agreedtimeframe; calls for ethical and fair-trade policies in respect ofpurchasing by the Assembly Commission, Government departmentsand agencies, and other public sector bodies; resolves, includingthrough the All Party Group on International Development, to workin partnership with relevant organisations to support long-terminternational development objectives, including the eradication ofpoverty, the promotion of conflict resolution, and economic andtechnical development; and further resolves to promote a strategy

for development education that integrates a global dimension intothe school curriculum.

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