Northwest Ordinance of 1787

• Northwest Territory (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan) could have a representative in Congress after they reached 5,000 adult people

• Once it reached a population of 60,000 it could write its own constitution and apply to Congress for statehood

• Also forbade slavery in the Northwest Territory

Alien and Sedition Acts 1798

• Alien Act– President could expel from the US foreigners who

were suspected of threatening the safety and security of the nation

• Sedition Act– Persons could be imprisoned for 2 years and fined

$2,000 for saying , writing, or publishing any false or malicious statement against the

American government or its officials

Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 Cont.

• Naturalization Act– Required 14-year residency of immigrants before

citizenship• Alien Enemies Act– President allowed to imprison or expel dangerous

foreigners during time of war or invasion

Louisiana

• In 1801 Spain secretly sold Louisiana Territory back to France

• France needed it to grow food for the slave population

• Slaves revolted and gained their independence• Louisiana was no longer needed

Louisiana

• In 1803 President Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from France for about $15 million

• Part or all of the 15 states were created from this deal

• Louisiana was the first of this territory to become a state (18th state)

Lewis and Clark

• Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to explore the new territory

Burr Conspiracy

• According to Jefferson Burr was plotting a revolution that would detach Louisiana from the U.S.

• Burr was arrested for treason• Burr was acquitted• Historians believe Burr was planning to

conquer Mexico and become the emperor

War of 1812

• In 1805 France and Britain went to war• British seized American ships because they

were trading with France• President Madison asked Congress for a

declaration of war in 1812 (War Hawks)• U.S. – 100,000 + soldiers

• Britain – fewer 5,000 in Canada• U.S. wanted to invade Canada to defeat the

British to annex Canada• Canadians joined with the Redcoats• U.S. did a 3 prong attack

• Battle of Thames– British defeated– Canadian capital destroyed

• British soldiers marched to Washington– Could have captured the President– Ate a meal that was prepared for the Madisons

• British soldiers marched to Baltimore to take Fort McHenry

• Americans stood strong– Francis Scott Key wrote the Star-Spangled Banner

when he saw the U.S. flag at the Fort in the morning

• American ships were defeating British ships

Peace

• By 1814 both sides wanted peace• Treaty of Ghent signed – neither side would

lose territory• Fighting continued because they were

unaware of the treaty– Casualties exceeded 2,000 for British– Fewer than 10 Americans

Patriotism

• Very patriotic after the war• National anthem was unveiled for 4th of July• 1828 – Webster dictionary stated a difference

between American English and British English• “Era of Good Feelings”

Monroe

• Became president• Ran for reelection with no opponent• John Quincy Adams voted against Monroe –

Secretary of State• Spain sold Florida to the U.S. for $5 million• Also the boundary for the U.S. was set with

Texas

Monroe Doctrine

• Three main concepts– 1. Separate spheres of influence for the Americas

and Europe– 2. Non-colonization– 3. Non-intervention

• Ideas of Manifest Destiny

Slave States vs. Free States

• BY 1819 the Mason-Dixon Line divided the north and the south– Maryland – Pennsylvania border

• North – Abolished or in the process of abolishing slavery

• South – Continued slavery• Slavery never existed in Ohio, Indiana, and

Illinois

• When Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state it created the Missouri debate of 1819-1820

• To balance Missouri as a slave state, Maine was added as a free state

• Missouri Compromise– Line from the southern border of Missouri to the

Rockies– All states added north of the line would be free

states– All states added south of the line could be slave

states

John Quincy Adams

• Debate on who would be president• Both Jackson and JQA held 12 states• New York was the deciding vote• JQA voted as president• Jackson supporters vowed to make JQA’s 4

years as bad as they could to get him out of office