Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Norwegian system for management of living marine resources
Minister of Fisheries Svein Ludvigsen
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
Norwegian Fisheries Industry
• 14.000 fishermen• 10.000 registered fishing vessels• 3 million tons landed yearly, at a value of 1.400 million Euro • 600 processing companies, 12.000 employees• Main species:
• Cod, Haddock, Saithe• Greenland Halibut, Ling, Tusk• Herring, Mackerel, Capelin• Blue Whiting, Sprat, Horse Mackerel• Prawn
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
Norwegian Economic Zone/shared stocks
• Norway controls some of the richest fishing grounds in the world
- The North Sea- The Norwegian Sea- The Barents Sea
• All highly productive areas, and
major fish stocks spawn right off our
coast.
• 90% of fish stocks shared with other
countries and cooperation is
essential to ensure sustainable
management
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
International cooperation
• Series of bilateral and multi-lateral agreements – neighbouring countries – annual meetings– decide on management measures
and division of quotas on shared stocks
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
Since 1990: Multilateral and Bilateral Cooperation
• Increased need for multilateral cooperation
• Further development with broadening and deepening of bilateral cooperation
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
Agenda 21
Identified problems facing world fisheries as:
• Insufficient management of the fisheries resources
• Over-utilisation of a number of fish stocks• Unregulated fishing• Overcapacity in the fishing fleet• The use of flag of convenience to escape
control• Use of fishing gear with insufficient small fish
selection• No trustworthy data• Lack of cooperation among states
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
The UN agreement on straddling and highly migratory fish stocks
• Principles:Sustainable utilisation, precautionary approach,compliance in- and outside 200 mile EEZs,
• International Co-operation Agreements:Regional fisheries management organisations,newcomers, transparency,
• Control and Enforcement:Flag- State responsibilities, cooperation on
enforcement, joint procedures for inspections,
• Dispute Settlement Mechanisms
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
At present - the word fisheries is in a unique historical change, where fishing is being transformed from an open access an unregulated activity (common -property) to a closed access, highly regulated and user rights based industry (private property rights)
Driving forces behind this development:
- technological developments- increased productivity- over-capacity- overexploited fish-stocks and sinking profitability
Historical change
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
New concepts for management of living marine resources:
• Sustainability• Precautionary• Biodiversity• Ecosystem
• “The Public Eye” - demands increased attention from fisheries managers with respect to consequences of management decisions
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
The main problem is not as much flaws in the current legal framework, but rather lack of political commitment and weak enforcement on the part of many states.
The legal framework
© Norwegian Seafood Export Council
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
Conclusion
In this decade our emphasis should be on implementation and enforcement of existing rules and regulations, including persuading more nations to become parties to the major agreements.
© The Norwegian Institute of Marine Research
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
Policy objective
“The Fisheries policy shall contribute to establish a sound basis for an economically viable development of the fisheries industry. A sustainable management of the living marine resources is pre-conditional. Through marked orientation and increased value adding, the fisheries sector shall contribute to good employment and living opportunities in the coastal communities.”
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
Regulations
Input regulations• Vessels -Concessions -Annual licens• Manpower -Fishermen`s Register
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
Regulations
Output regulations• Group Quotas• Individual Vessel Quotas• Maximum Quotas
• Periodic regulations• By-cath-rules• Start- and stop- dates
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
Regulations
Structure regulations• Unit Quota System• Decommission
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
The Norwegian system for quota allocation
Researchand capture statistics
ICES quota recommendationsQuota negotiations with relevant states
Contribution to The Advisory Board for Fisheries Regulations
Meeting in The Advisory Board for Fisheries
Regulations
Proposals from the Directorate of Fisheries and The Advisory Board to
the Ministry
Ministry of Fisheriesmakes their decision
Regulations adjustments
Experiences during the year”The Regulatory
Chain”
Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries
The Riches of the Sea - Norway`s Future
Regulations on North East Arctic Cod in 2004
Conventional gear151.907 tons
Havfiskeflåten
Annual TAC217.600 tons
Prioritygroup I 118.017 tons
Vessels 28 m and up 19.459 tons
Trawlers
65.693 tonn
Prioritygroup II 14.431 tons
21 – 28 meters 21.243 tons
15 – 21 meters 32.809 tons
10 – 15 meters46.145 tons
Under 10 meters 17.820 tons
77,7 %
12,8%
9,5%
30,19 %
69,81 %
Trawlers
Conventional gear