Not So Different After All Creating Access To Diverse Objects in Digital Repositories Jennifer...

Not So Different After All — Creating Access To Diverse Objects in Digital Repositories

Jennifer O’Brien Roper, Gretchen Gueguen, and Susan Schreibman University of Maryland Libraries

What We Will Cover…

The Building Blocks of Digital Repositories

The Thomas MacGreevy Archive vs. The University of Maryland’s Digital Repository

Future issues of exploration…

Barriers to Digital Library Integration

Thematic Collections Documenting the American South

http://docsouth.unc.edu Historic Pittsburgh

http://digital.library.pitt.edu/pittsburgh Object Collections

University of Indiana (XPat)http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/collections/

Packaged Collections Romantic Circles

http://www.rc.umd.edu After the fact Collections

NINEShttp://www.nines.org

http://docsouth.unc.edu/

http://digital.library.pitt.edu/pittsburgh

http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/collections/

http://www.rc.umd.edu/

http://www.nines.org/

Digital Project Building Blocks

Metadata Vocabulary Interface Design

Digital Projects: Metadata Standard

Initiatives to aggregate collections: Z39.50

Keep different metadata schemes Keep localized repositories Pressure on the search interface

Open Archives Initiatives Metadata Harvesting Protocol (MHP) Extract a normalized record Create a central repository Pressure on the central repository


Centralized Repository for searching (normalized metadata)

Individual Repository(local metadata)

User Query

metadata

URL

metadata

metadata

URL

URL




Lessons from MHP Normalizing metadata for sharing Keeping local enhanced records Centralize functions like searching, but disperse

functions like displaying and storing

Drawbacks Lack of enforcement for Metadata Standards Various levels of granularity in data

Digital Projects: Vocabularies

The “ideal” language Pre-coordinated vs. post-coordinated

Hierarchies and relationships are great for some things, not for others

Digital Projects: Vocabularies

Controlled vs. local Locally created languages

Fit materials well Speak the users language

BUT Are difficult to enhance

All controlled vocabularies are difficult to combine

Digital Projects: Interface Issues

Multiple Hierarchies Facilitate access to both individual and general

collections Multiple Object Types

Film, audio, video, image, text in one interface Multiple Modes of Access

Allow users to browse through objects in a manner that promotes cross-collection discovery

Thomas MacGreevy Archive

http://www.macgreevy.org TEI p4-based repository of texts A few different collections, some

searchable, some not Changes Desired

Add images to the searchable collection Add a collection of letters with special

display needs

http://www.macgreevy.org/

Thomas MacGreevy Archive : Metadata Standard

Limited to TEI p4 Letters have irregularities in the body Images have multiple levels of “being” Collections haven’t been named before

Thomas MacGreevy Archive : Metadata StandardSolution? Adapt things to fit

<title type="main">The Entombment</title><title type=“version”>An Electronic Version</title>

Fit the title of the original (here, a paiting by Poussin) in the main title and indicate that it is a digital copy in the version title. This is typical TEI practice

<respStmt> <resp> Markup completed by: <name>Gretchen Gueguen</name> </resp> </respStmt> <extent TEIform="extent">6 kb</extent>

Keep the responsibility statement about the creation of the TEI file. Record the creator of the original when you record details about the original


Add only what is necessary<keywords> - <list type="keyword"> <item type="subject">Art</item> <item type="nationality">French</item> <item type="date">1600-1699</item> </list>

Keywords for cross-searching

<note type="phsy-desc-item"> <note type="phys-desc-photo"> <note type="technical-description">

- These details for display and internal record keeping, NOT searching

<figDesc> The McGreevy Family: Front row from left to right <persName reg="Thomas

MacGreevy">Thomas</persName>, <persName reg="Honora McGreevy">Nora</persName>… </figDesc> A caption is searchable and provide many precise points of access.


Translate existing codes

<keywords>

<list type="collection">

<item type="images">Image</item>

</list>

</keywords> The collections were loosely designated before by a combination of

item type and value. We continued to use this convention even when it was redundant.

Only the information that is also available for texts is displayed, such as title, creator, text, and keywords


Thomas MacGreevy Archive: Vocabulary

Limited vocabulary available Main descriptors based on Dewey Other descriptors based on nationality and date

of subject Some other fields used a consistent

language Collection designations Text types (poem, art review, obituary, etc.)

500 texts finishedSolution?


Can’t create a new vocabulary for the collection

Can’t create a scalable vocabulary for everything

So, Add some new words to list and

retrospectively update


Existing Terms Architecture Art Biography Catholicism Critical Method Dance Education Film Folklore

New Terms Career &

Finances Domestic

Life Irish Culture Literature Politics &

Government Portraits Social Life

•Great War•History•Journals•Music•Mythology•Opera•Sport•Theatre•Travel

Thomas MacGreevy Archive : Interface

New collections affect how searching is done

New object types need to be displayed different ways Viewing Search results

Searchable collections

Unsearchable collections

Thomas MacGreevy Archive : Interface – Browse

Confusing, often missed, options

Unclear approach to subjects

Thomas MacGreevy Archive : Interface – Search

Search in full-text as well as by type

Faceted subjects made explicit

Collection, author, and date of objects are searchable nodes

Thomas MacGreevy Archive : Interface – Revised Search

User determines relevancy by author and title within results

Thomas MacGreevy Archive : Interface – Results

Sort by document type in results

Show thumbnails and keywords for image objects

Indicate that images are associated with texts

List blurbs for articles and abstracts for letters

Thomas MacGreevy Archive : Interface – Revised Results

Tabbed interface for comparison

Unique, textual features of letters represented in images

Thomas MacGreevy Archive : Interface – Revised Display

Thomas MacGreevy Archive : Lessons Learned

Neutral metadata standard Scalable controlled vocabulary Starting over is sometimes worth it,

sometimes not

University of Maryland Digital Repository

FEDORA architecture Individual collections

Unique look and feel Customized metadata design

Cross collection search and browse Common search interface Rich minimum standards for metadata

UM Digital Repository : Metadata Standard - Description

Dublin Core Great for cross-collection description Too simple for rich description within a

focused collection VRA Core

Excels at rich description Created for and focused solely on images

UM Digital Repository : Metadata Standard - Description

Hybrid standard University of Maryland Descriptive Metadata

(UMDM) Customized DTD Rigorous minimum standard Common base of granular data

MODS

UM Digital Repository : Metadata Standard – Local Standard

Required base elements

Coverage PlaceCoverage TimeMedia TypePhysical description

CultureDescriptionSubjectTitle

PIDRelationshipsRepositoryRights

• Optional base elements

Identifier

Agent

Language

Style

UM Digital Repository : Metadata Standard - METS

Wrapper for all objects METS record for every object contains:

Header Descriptive Metadata Administrative Metadata File Section Structural Map Structural Links Behavior Section

UM Digital Repository : Metadata Standard - METS

Flexibility to use external descriptive standards

Behavioral control Map other standards to UMDM

dynamically

UM Digital Repository : Metadata Standard - Conversion

Mapping existing data to UMDM Indicates where information is in the existing

dataset, and intended UMDM location Transformation notes Static information to be added


UMDM MARC<title type=”main”> 245≠a ≠b ≠p

<title type=”alternate”> 246

<agent type=”contributor”><persName>

700

<agent type=”provider”><corpName>

710

<covPlace><geogName type=”continent”>

static: North America

<covPlace><geogName type=”country”>

static: United States

<covTime><century era =”ad”> static: 1901-2000

<covTime><date era =”ad”> 008 character position 11-14


Ingestion As a distinct standard, with dynamic

generation Batch uploaded from another source Incrementally built




UM Digital Repository : Vocabularies

Consistent input key to cross-searchability Controlled vocabularies

General descriptive Names and name authority Subjects

UM Digital Repository : Vocabularies – General Descriptive

External vocabularies Media Type (DCMI Type Vocabulary) Language (Former ISO 639-2 values)

Local vocabularies Repository

UM Digital Repository : Vocabularies – General Descriptive

Terms created as needed Culture

nationality, ethnic, regional, organizational, Etc. Style

architectural, literary, musical, etc.

UM Digital Repository :Vocabularies – Name Authority

Existing terms LC Name Authority File Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names

Creating terms Name Authority Cooperative Program

UM Digital Repository : Vocabularies – Subject

Collection based

Repository wide “browse” terms



Subject: Fine ArtsSubject: Architecture


Collection based Appropriate to project focus and scope Existing thesauri

Library of Congress Subject Headings Art & Architecture Thesaurus Thesaurus for Graphic Materials Etc.

Local thesauri


“browse” terms Defined independent of any project Applied to all objects, regardless of collection Intentionally general Only two levels of specificity Experimented with locally derived list based

on LC Call Number Scheme

UM Digital Repository : Interface Design

Make clear through general and collection interfaces that: Objects are in multiple hierarchies Users can access multiple object types Users can use multiple modes of access

and discovery

UM Digital Repository : Interface Design - General

University of Maryland “theme” Access to general metadata Accommodate multiple file types Simple and advanced searching

UM Digital Repository : Interface Design - Collections

Collection based theme Access to customized metadata Exploit file types specific to collection Customized search Extras

Contextualized materials Exhibits Documentation

Restricted explicit field search

Date limit options

Embedded video player

Metadata to contextualize video

Linked subject display

Amazon.com inspired feature

Option to limit or not by format

Drop down menus to help guide searchers

Wide variety of unique fields to explicitly search

thumbnail

Display of customized metadata

UM Digital Repository : Interface Design - Browse

Explore collection without searching “Browse” subjects as initial gateway Use common metadata elements to drill

down Lists rebuilt weekly, not dynamically

UM Digital Repository : Future Issues

Difficulties managing multiple hierarchies

Workflows for “general” collections with no curator

Balancing infrastructure and individual project development

Digital archiving questions unanswered

Not So Different After All —

Creating Access To Diverse Objects in Digital Repositories

http://www.lib.umd.edu/dcr/publications/lita.ppt

Jennifer O’Brien Roper: [email protected]

Gretchen Gueguen: [email protected]

Susan Schreibman: [email protected]

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Not So Different After All Creating Access To Diverse Objects in Digital Repositories Jennifer...

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