r NOTE This is a preliminary narrative and should not be regarded as authoritative. It has not been checked for accuracy in all aspects. and its interpretations are not necessarily those of the Historical Section as a whole. Ce texte est et n'a aucun afficiel. On n'a pas son exactitude et les interpretations qulil cantient oe sont pas necessa;rement cel1es du Service historique. Directorate of History National Defence Headquarters Ottawa, Canada K1A OK2 July 1986
Transcript
rNOTE
This is a preliminary narrative and should not be regardedas authoritative. It has not been checked for accuracy inall aspects. and its interpretations are not necessarilythose of the Historical Section as a whole.
Ce texte est pr~liminaire et n'a aucun caract~re afficiel.On n'a pas v~rifie son exactitude et les interpretationsqulil cantient oe sont pas necessa;rement cel1es du Servicehistorique.
Directorate of HistoryNational Defence HeadquartersOttawa, CanadaK1A OK2
July 1986
SECRET
I B r 0 R ~ 10.119
HISTORIOAL ~IOE1l
•CAlWlIAJI II[ LITARY H!!Al?SUARTBRS .
30 .run 44
CanacUan 1l.1ationa with tM P.opl.or tbl UlI1t.d Cng4ca, and oenertl1Prob1.. or lIoNl., 19:59 - ".
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1. fh. lI1lIlJut or thJ....port 1. the relation. ortM onl0.r. and tho _n or tM C.....d1an AzwT with thopeop1. or the Un! ted E1ngdaa dlu>lng the "181:7 lona period1n wh10h the Il&1n bo~ or tho Canadlan AzwT OYer.o.. haabeen statloned 1n BmLAJll), and the 010"1:7 aW.d questionor the poralo or the ,u",7 during tho ._ period.
lI. ~. 1. a ve1:7 larS- BUbJ.ot, and tram ove1:7 polntor now a ve1:7 1Japortant on.. Whil0 ..oondarT to tho.t01:7 or aoti operationa, lt oannot rail to be a _tt.I"or _JOI" 1nt t to tM Canadhn Onlo1al Hi.tonan.!he oont1m>ad x:raaeno. 1n the UlI1t.d Ens"'* tor pore thantOUl' ,......; under 0 poratl ...17 .tatio oond1tlona, ot alargo and .te&ll11:7 Il1"Owlng to..o. ot troop. tram tMD..1n1on or C.nada 1. oo..tain to haw a dot1n1te .tt.otupon the rutu.. 1"Olatlona or O.....da and Bntain, and oon.titutaa a tuo1l».ting .p1.~ 1n .001&1 h1.to1:7. tM1nt.reot ot 'IIh1eh cannet be .22lauoted in the pro••nt bP1.t.tulI¥. ~s report. hOW....I"~ '&aT ..rve at l ...t to d1r.otattoDtlon to the 1Jopo1'tano. or tho topl0, and te 1nd1oatetho nature or tho .oure. _torial aftl.1aI>1. upon It. Anattupt wl11 bo _d. to ooll.ot 1n th1. 1"O'01't tho po.tlaportant It... • t s-noral .'Videno., and ••rtain rola'ftDtquotatlona upon portlou1ar oubJ.ot., whila at tho _. U.1nd1cating the w!101"Oaboute ot _tonal tor further .~whon and it thi. •.... de.1rabl.. .
S. !he .1tuation or tho C.....dian t1"00p. 1n Brltainduring tho pro••nt war 1. ve1:7 cUn.rent tram that ot 1914-18.In tho oarU.r war the Briti.h %al0. wo,.. .•:u1uolve17 a bu.tor operatlono wntoh woro cont1nuouol7 ln Pl"Ogl"O.. on thoCout1nont. rbo CanacUan ro,... wntoh Ol"rlved 1n IIIIGIAlID 1nOctob.r 1914 proc••dod to i'RAJIOB 1n P.bru&r7 18115. and trcathat tt.e on the aa1n CanacUan Piold J.rrq ... activa17 .n.gaged 1n the thoat.. ot war. !he CanacUan t700P. 1n :noL.UlD.'IIh1la maol"OUO .n0U#l, ..r. -1n17 tho.. angaS-d 1n adVlU1C.dtN1n1ng, on the .t..ngth ot bu•••tabl1o~nto, on 10avetr.. the tl"Ont. or ..co...P1ng trca wounde 1"Ooolved 1n aotlon.. .. . .4. In·the IrOo.nt war, on tho othor hand, tho largo.tI"U'tor the O.....CUan Piold J.rrq hal 10 ,'nod in the UlI1tadnng4 down to tho pro..nt ttao (.7lmo 1164) without .nE!iIlg1ng 1n aoUve oporatlona. '1'ho Pir.t C_dian Dl'Ii.lonarrlv.d 1n BBGLAJID in D.oOllbor 19S.. It wu tMn a.....dthat lt would p70o.od to PRAlC. 1n tho .prlng or _.r ot1940 to Jo1n tho Br1tllh Itl<pod1ti0D&r7 Poro. then operating1n that COlDlt}07. It wl11 be recall.d. howover, that thoG<l1'llllUl ononolve 'IIh1oh bogan on 10 11&7 40 rosul".d 1n thoooUopso ot PIlAII:B and the withdrawal or aU BnUIh torcaotroa tM Cont1nont. 0IIl7 on. bI"lpda or 1 Odn Div roachedPIlAJ'CB in """" 1940, and thl. bI"SSad8 _ '.-diate17 withdrawn. ~ CanacUano. in c_n with tho otMr tl"Oopo 1ntho BnU. IIa10s. thon tound ""'-a.lva. oam1ttad te what
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-a_' .'A..l;)JC, o",J(Nn,,f,A ettect 1i...g.....1.cn role, and tor • long u.e thereatt...
'" '" .,:tffijil.ii,tun~onw.. tbiLt' of guariUng the Brit1.h Isle. againstv ,. ,. ~~t th1'ed o.t an invaa10n 1Ih1ch nnel'the1••• d1d not- ' ---aotuLL1,. - t ...DU••·• -, ,
II. Diu'1ng 1:hO }*'100' tl:'oia- JIlbe' 1111'0 to .Jul,. 111~ theret nwae<-"'l'7 11ttle opportun1t,. indaed tor tba _p10p0ent ot
aenad1l111 troopa outa1da ot the Britillh 181... !'be e"ped1t10nto SPI'I.'8BBRGKII in the _1' Of 1m saw -.plo;poent to onl,.• t •• hundred troope aM,ruulted in no contaQt with the.~ (R.po..ta Woa. !ill and.'1.). 'fhe ,1'll14 en I>IBPPB on111 Aug .a Wall • one-dq' oper.tion lnwl'f1il8 onl1 .b6ut 11,000troOPa (R.port. Woa. 100, 101, 108, 1011 and Ulilo bc.pttor 1;he wl'7 a1nor and corti,.. oper.tion ot ea AW d 1m01lJlb,. the cOlSe _ -ABBIlCRO U a (a.port. Woa. 81 and 8lI), andIlha eanOJlllllnt ot tuI1MUera at GIBRAJ.'l4tl ("port. Wo.. 80and 10lS), thee...... the onlJ' Oppo1'tun1ti.. oftared Cana41an
, tZ'Oopa OV.l'll'" tor _J?1oJWl8nt outa1de the Br1tiah Isle•••~ with the J.nw.a1on Of 8ICtr.Y (10 N ~) 414 protractedlarge-scala op....tiona b.gin, and ....n then the gre.t.r partot the aana~ ,hIq e-..... ....1I»d 1n th4I vruted X1nelaauntlU the opan1nS of I)peratf,on -OVERLORD- in II'lWICB (6 JIIJl ") ..
1I.' In the.. c1rcUllllltano••, with • conatanU,. 1ncrewngaana41aJl torc. latatt,qn.d 1~JIlIOIioAJID and 4en1. action, th4I
, r.:z..ti_ of the .,n of th<i to.... w1.~ the Brit1ah people,and~ gelJ&"'" probleJl ot so~. witli1n the toroe 1t.eU',b.c_ ""l'T lJIport~ queatiQD8. It h not too llUoh to •..,.,~ ',the op1n1on ot the P!'8afDt 1I1'1t.lI'o that the aa1ntenanoe
,of tba JlQ1'll1. of the C_d1aJl Azfq OV.J;'a••a on • aat1at.ctori17high lew1 utl!I-er Gch cond1t1ona and 0 ..... auoh • period 0.0_atltut.a • l'8JIal'lat.b1e aphi.yement and iIl4"d Po tri1&Ph.Upon ~a ••pect of the h1a W1'7 ot tblI oane41aJl Aztq in th1.war tut1:ll'tl hi.tor1ana -7 1'1IId reuon to dw.l1 ""th no ·a"pride. Pour J8lU"' of inact1vit,. (in the ••n.. ot an ~.ttota). .baencl) Qt .cti. operational 1•• lIlI.t d1tf1cult t••ttor aD7.&1'187, lIJld Plll'ticu1ar1,. tor • w1,unt••r a1'IIl7 i'ecl'U1t.dIn· the e'IP.ot.tion- ot earl,. .otion and ejlation~ tar trca ~.On the thole, 11; now .app.ara, the aena41aJl Usy Ove...... baa_rg&4 t1'Olll thi. t ••t wl.th cre41t to it..lt.
'1. 'fh. _to~1a1a U»Qn which thia "..port 18 baa.d U'lIftZ'1.d. he_illllut..-. thea .... the tortn1shtl7 report••u1Idtt.4 b7 the 71.14 a.neon ullOlt l.tt.r. wrJ,tten b,.Canad1a omelln and .0141..... .A. POinted out 111 aepo~,.0. 151., th.a. report., rendered continuoua17 .$Doe s.p~r1m, COl»ti tute • un1que reeo1'4 ,R! the gen.1'81 • tat. ot .do~ the C...-41an ~O' A complete a.t of th... report. baab.en ua_bled :tor~ f8:t.renc. b7 Rlator1oal 8.c~on~
,C••oH.Q. l'he7 ha1lll b.en auppl_xn.4 tor tba purpo... ~the present report b,. the recorda,ot ".At BZ'lIJlch, a •••B.Q. 'and b,. rat...enc•• to Dr1tillh nnapapera. a •••B.Q. t11.. ,8"l)e1'aU,. mn b.e tre.l,. 4rawn 1JI'OIl. 'lhere,.r po.a1b18frat."nou are aade to 1JIto_tlon a1l'e1U1}' or/l.nhed tor ,bia tQr1cal purpotlllS 1n. the PreUa1D1U'7 warr.th•• 111:511-40. '--0.. elell1lbe.... •
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,IlBUU~S WI'llL TIIB BRl'lI8H PUBLIC
DUIIUG ':lIB ~RLIRll'1' .l'EIlXOD
e. I On ,th. 'lU.ation Of the rel.tione bet•••~ the a.naeUutroop. alld the 1lP1t1.ah publlc. dun the period. 1IIlm.41.to17toUcng the lU'l'1"fa1 Of .1 ~ 1>1'Y DGLAIII>, such intor-_ti on ma been 0"81&111..4. in the he ......1'.tiVB
K tory ot tba OanacUan 115 Poroe. OverB8U 19~.0.chapter ~paNII. nl6-1~, ~ ep v III. paNII. 1&11 to 1112.It 1. unn.oesclU7, aoconuDg.L7. to r.peat he... th8 point.tJ;lBre 1I&de. exoop1: in '"1'7 s-1"7 tora.
It 111 qu1 te olaar th8 t durins th8 tir.t winter inLAID both th8 aoraX. ot the troopa MIl, tbair relationa
with the o1vU. populaUClD ot hsland iatt •••thing to bede81ied. The -.1D "uone tor th1. ortunat. 81_U •U tba7 appear in the chapter. ot tba ........1:1... Juat ....t.l'1'..,.to.lnre u toU.... , "
Ca) The taot that the Canlld1an ~p. tboIIael....were treah t'r<a o1'f11 lit. and _eoutcaed totba oODd11:1ons ot &1!iI7 ....v;... JD4 tba degreeor d1a,oaaYort and Pl'1vatlon 1na.paiabl. trCD it•
(b) !he taot that 1 cdn Div .....tat1oned dur1ngth1a per1od in AIllKRSHOT. doh had bee aga1'r1aon town s1J:lce tha C_an War. and 1Ib.os.population were in oODa.queo. onl7 too ..UaOCllUltcaed to the pra._. or trooPl anddec14e~ 1ncU.pos.d to lUke II\IOh ot~ newtoma't1on. 1Ibatever ita 01'1B1n. &l'1'1'f1ng ...cmgtha.
Co) '!he 1'act that thi. winter .. tba pai-1od otthe ... oall'ed -phone7 war-. Dn the W aternPront wu COIIllll.tel.t.:=o, ~n a1r aeU'f11:7asainst the 1lii1ted lIa4 not 7at belJW1.and wblm in cons.quenc. tho lIIlportano. to1I1'1 ta1n ot &1d 11'<*1 ove....u ft. not ,..t tuU7apparent to the ave~ \l1tban•
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Cd) 'rh1. winter brbUSht to Bng].n<! -the ool4e.toond1tiODa s1M. 189.- C!htI "'1IIl:::~ LOIIDOll.Il1l Jan .0) wi th atteDdaii:t atso ort to ••11v1ng in tUNOka oert&1Dl7 not de.1SU.d tor.UCh oon41tio"'.
,10. '1'h11o unhapP7 oonoatenaUon ot o1rOUll8tanoe. preduo""the result retlellted in the report Qll Can.d1an 1a111ta1'7 aa11_d. to the S.Dior Oft1ller, C.K.K.Q•• b7 the t:h1.t Pos talCensor Qll 2:5 lOeb to CReport Iro. 51. P!U'a. 19, and r..?'illtt'7
lI1't'ati:ve. Chapter In. paNII. U9-2O\. \'bit't ..... 0 •report 'ausseat var7 det1D1tol)' that a~ th1. period the stateot Canacl1an ral. and ot CIlI1a41an rel.aUon. with the B1'1Uahpopulation .... tar trCD 14aa1. 0ll1)' on. paragraph ot tbare rt 11111 be ..peated here, .
Bo....dC*l. hCD••101cneu and a rte11ng cSt 110t being1'8&11)' na_, appear to be the aiD .....ona wb7 nearl)'all the.. Canad'·n 1I0141er. ~le. 'rM -301'11:7 otthe writ.r. -= tlw1r t1'1end. and ...lat1ODl1 not to Jointhe~.
U. '!hi. ... an unlapp)' b.S'ntrtD'J lIDl! 1 t Ia1ght parhap.ha... be... teared that wban 1t ... touwad bT tour ,...... otstaUo oond1t1ona the ....ult would be uot01'tl8l&te it DCltcl1 troua. on the cont.....,.. how.v.r! tba ralationa et tbaCan.d'.n so141... with the Jlr1t1ah peop • ~ be aa1d, br084]7.pe.JdDS. to haw ataacl117 1JIproved 81nca that Uaa. and thegeD81'&l ...'C~d 1. one 1lb1oh can now be 'f1ewed 'tr1th oona14erab1••aU.taotion.
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a. "lbe 1JI»ro_nt in re1..ttODll ~.lP'D .wn 4u1'1J18 1140.'fhl..... in part the ult or ~ .OT_nt or cen."'an troop.out or the AU>EIl8RO'r 1IIl1oh brought tha '1ilto oClllaotwith Brit1l1h .cwnm1 t1.. cU_a.d to take ••_1Ibat le..•our ..ttl'tud* towarda n. JlaJ••t7'. roro... I. notab1. land.-.ric in th1. re.peot ... the .o_.nt or 1 Cdn Di... into ~H~ ....... in lIlT. 1140. H.re tba Can.cUana._...081-..4 with a Idnd17 .....th 1I'h1oh gan ~ a ....1'7 cUrr....• nt 1ap.....lon or lIng1bh ho.pltal1tJ: t'l'Gl that rome4 inALDli1IllHO'l. '!helP ••na. or th1. 1& I'Ooo:rdaA ·in _otto&117.ft1'7 WI1t ..... DlaroT' <,,..1::::'7 Iaft'at1..... Chapter Y.parae. 81-88). B7 th1. pe • noom•• to "'7. ~ ·pbone7.&1'. _ TOl'7 _r1n1t.17 ..t an .nd, the C..n"'Sana' .0JOUl'llIn.O~ ooinol_ with~ • .,......tion or the BeBoP.rl'al DUllnIllt. and lt 1. po..lb1. that in th... o1rG1aataDlt••o1ySU.n...... aore inll11n04 to w10_ the preuno. ortroop. thaD tlw7 had hoc in ao... tranquil tS-.. 1Ihat.....rit• .oti....., lt .e_ UIe17 that the I'Oooption at .OR!lWIP~_ the b.sumSns or a quito n" ..ttltude towarda Bngl .... inthe .tnda or II&D7 CanlltU an 80141.1'.. and a turn1ng-point flo..Wll10h tho beginning or hotter l'Olati.onablpa~ ho dateA.
111. I.1thouah the ._1' or U40 brouaht tho C.n.'Uana DoD..otual oonaet with the en~. lt broupt t~ aueh aot1'O'1'7and ga.... tha !\.1ttle t1.- to be ·.orrT ror th-••1.....••!he7 round tbt..e1ve•• ao...oftl', in tho aidat or a populat1on
, .h1oh the 41.aater. in PIWICE had .....utA to great .r:or'-.and 'lboae .te..draat .taDd in the t ..o. ot the "1017 111>0 had0 ....= tho whol. or We.tem Burop... now o_cUns thoadId....tiCln or ~ "1'14. Whc in ~ late ._1' he....,. all'.." ..oleo on EIIOLAlID hogan. thero .. no doubt that the OanacUantroop. round good ......on to odIl1... the "nner in Wll10h thj01YiUlID population ot llllg1and oontronted th1. now a.nao••'fha o~ or ~ Br1tioh 01 'llU&n UDl.r ~ bC*lb. hoeo.rtain17 been lID 1mportant .'--nt in trSnnSJ18 ror h1a thoregard or the Oautd1an 00141.1'. 'fhl. raot 1& -pl7 daODll-t ....tod in tho Jr1e14 COll8or.' report••
1t. III 1& ot int.....t to OCDparo tho to~ and oantont orSIba.. report'. ro'r 'the' earU••t period at 1Ill1oh the7 ..... ada(1•••• 'tho a~' and wint.r or lot1) with tho•• ro%' the putraw _~. -!he toatho%' notollle oont....t in the1l' 0_1ltav,pon l'OlatiODllh1pe "tI1th tho Bnglhh peopl. ron••t. tho .to&d7wlr0.....nt wh1oh·appean to ha.... talaon p1aoa .1no. ~W1nto%' ot l811~"
111. ~ tUth tCll"tnlght17 report or the Pi.14 C.naON(n_) on Cautdlan Utq 11&11 (2"r Oot - • Ho... U) ..... tb1.g0n01'&1 l:!","nt, •
Ind1Yil!la1 ...lationohlpo 1I1th Ch1Uana ha....llbown oonald.l'8bl. SaPzoo....ont.· lIan7 Mn c_nton ~ good ...c.ptian wh10h~ ha had in C....ta1......... in oontrut to ~ W7 tho7 oold.-lIbouldorodin tho AUlBII8JIO'r d1lI triot rro. 1Ih10h tho7 ha owd.
le. !bo _ %'.l!Ort oonta1na an fttl'&ot tr I.".%'dft1Ung on tbo plO&lIUl'O .h1oh O..,...S-" .0141_ dari ... t'l'Gl
pr1'O'ato ho.p1tal1t7 in BnglSoh ~e•• -...s. tho benefioial.rt.ot or th1. on .01'&1.,
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'!be.... lan't azI7tI:l1Dg b.~ 70u 0U1 40 to aaketbue lada reel good than to have ~ 111 ro.. _alaand an evening 111 & .ort cba1.. with p1euant o'*palI7.I can teU 70U 1t 1a Juet llke & bro& hca lIe&"nto go into ....one'. baa. anA b&~ that .,naaUonor belng 111 & Plao. wbI... poop1. "11.,.".... I th1n1cit 18 one or t1w groat..t &1da the.. 18 to j:ho ft1'effort. beO&Ull8 1t hu ...eh & ot1llu1&tina .rr.ct onthe aoNle or the _n. Pl!'u. be good and Idn4.0pocUl17 to tho B..lt1ah 1Ada 1tbo ... 0 .... thorob.oaua. tbtil' ro1lal are·.o good to Uf.
1'7. An 1I1to..ottng earot 10 t1w raot that 110141.1'0 orthe ro~t1ona wb1ch &1'1'1" lat... tbaa 1 CMn »1" are ra1r17h-equtnt1;r round roa1'k1ng that tbt;r got c be"... with tho.r1tloh p00p10 tban tho oarller an1ft1J1. and .ucs-ot1ng thatthe r11'St eM.CUana to reaoh JlJl)UJI) ba4~ & bad lapreo81on.ftnIa tbe th1r4 rortn1gbt1;r ...port; or tbe .1.U Conacre (IV s.p 12 OCt 61) oonta1na the rolloilina rU~al 41 lint1
•'!be DOW &I'I'1Yala or 1lr4 PlrtolO1l .... h11
or *>tbualaa and ....."ratlan ror llr1tlah 1ICII'ala. an4ror tbe ..l~ tbt;r ha... lIlIoeln4 111 thl. eount;r;r.!beT up..... a 4.&1.. to .ra41oate ._ or t1w badlapre..lana 0 ...ate4 b;r .cao or~ oU'1101' U'l'1Yalo.
Prequentl;r the;r .tronaJ.7 .r1t.le1._ tbe _plaoeno;r111 theil' hc>Jdland and oontrut 1t 81 th the Brtttah....l.tano••
18. 'rho tonth tortn1ghtb ".pon (8 - 21 Pee 61) _ •• xtended o_nt on 'go",..-1 ...laUone with t1w Br1t1ah publl••1n<UO&t1ng oloar1.7 that t1w oltuat1on .ttll l.r. _h to be4081 ....41 •
Uthoullh the _Jer1t;r or t1w 1fr1ten rr' aau;r-.r1oua unIt•• o.poc'.";r thoM .tau"'*' awq r..-blg MIlt and thOM b11lette4 1I:I.th 01'\'111.".. 111>0(&1e) now z:;r rroquentl.1' _ttc that tbt;r U8go"1II& alcmg "'r;r well 11:1. th the J!nB)1.ho an4 ..with t1w oot•• tbt... DO .tUl rar teo aau;r 1Ibo opeak'41.~Of Br1Uc In oft1 u4J1Uah or
th10 1a P1'Obllbl;r au. to ro..1'Y8 til the ODO 01da and0_1ti....... on the otbe... but alao IIUah 10 l!ue tolack or unclarotan"'ns and OIltapolJJn ta OIl both8140.. loaM n.. llc1 reor1att>aU_ an4 m4..11ng.or 'oo\ll'ee tharo ... alao the b"""" -...04 b7 tbem.am e"17 'acto or _Il on bOth 0;14&••••j>8c1al1;r 111publ10 baro. and unde.. t1w 1I!tl- 0 or dr1Dk. whenY1awo be_ .....-t 41atorte4 and tb.... 18 & oerta1naount or aor1aon:r. Probabl;r. 11"10 lOb_tina" orthe e_41an. 111 gonoft1 would btlp to tapro.. tb1•• tat. or atratr••..
19. '!be _ roPOI-t contain•• 10Jl& anthol087 or _nta.both rPl.Dd11 and boatile. on 1h1. matter. 1nolu41Dg .cae rrcaBrit1a1t people. t • (
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•o....nt and o~1eDCo at thlo PF104~ and U ... b'equentlJ'noted that a "'017 laz'ge prollOl'tlon ot Cana41en .014101'. a:penttheir lea.,.a 1n SCO'l'LdD. The ropol't laat ..nUoned quot..two Canad '", wr1t01'a who aq l'..:peOt1~~"!he Sootch Ullt WIbottor then the Xns'hh do", and "!he ell are qu1te tr10Dd-1T. but the Bootel> are aore eo" •
It .-n no. bo atatod that tile fiNt throe _0 otPObl'lllLZT thl. ,ear ••1'0 tho ooldaot a1no. 18 • ~JIOl'I'turo. -.or. 10 0'1' U degre•• bolo. tho a...... tortho aonth. •
• • • •n. !he .1nter ot 1941.-U auat 1'1'Obtb~T be aooOlUlted an.ot the 1Il00t dUt10ult 1lO1'10cJe ot tho war hall the point ot rto.ot Canad1an aorale. IIatlT Cane4'.n••ero ~ oa.plot1ng their.aoond ,.ar 1n lIIIILAJID. !!Ie1:r he:pe. ot action had been d1a-a~1nt_. and tor tho th1rd ,..... in _0..101l tho Vn1te4Unsd ... having an unuauallT oold winter .1th attondant41aocaltort to the troo;pa. !he nao. (LOIIlOJr) or 1S JIuo ~ aqbo ~UDted on thl. _ttor.
III atrlldng .antraet nth the thor of 191..19l8.~ wet wintwr. 1I1'Od cwJ natod. the out.tend1ng taatureot the ...tbilr of th1a hu bean the UlW.8uallT 0014wintor.. T"'n altogeth.r••~ and P.bl"lUU'T. le.•• oro a;pproo1ablT .oldar 0"fOr !!JI81aDd and .al.. than the.laUar ;par104 1n lIU. and "'1'J' Uttlo .01601' than thatot 1~.
'1M _301'11:)' ot the "J1 arc 3UIIt Oasar1T awa1t1nC8D opportun1tT to 1'1'0'" th_l..a in aotlon and t. putan end to th1. long por1od of !rIaIOlII. wa1ting.
In general1t -T bo aa14 that .,.11' aoral. _'nogood. -..4 tbot. notw1t>bataDMng grlElo•• thoir .p1r1takaap hlgh. OlIo writer atato... •
"0 1I'OU1dn' t be good .0141.1'0 1t we 4:1An' tgl"IaIblo."
(11) It 10 not1 d, _..,or,}that __ ot tho writ.ra,oh1O~~ (010/ ..n in 0 lat D1rtalon. are
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!'baH _tt.r..... 'IOl'tlQ' of noto... three auoo....... UIIWIlaUToold wintero un4ov.bte41T had a 41reot .....1atlonah1p to tho pro!)1~ ot Conad1an aoralo at th1a ;pa1'104.
lllI. WIlll0 tho. ore ••ro uauaUT umd,}lh18 to aako &rtTgenorall..d &4..rao co mt Cana41an 1Il0ralO (and auoh o_twould 1n 0ZJ7 oaeo 1'1'ObtblT not havo b.ut warranted). oooulonal-
, IT their roaarlla 1nd1oato tho onUonco of 1ibat thoT .1oar~oona1d.r en lIDda.irable 01~t10n. !'ha a1zth tortn1ght~report ~o - 2$ .0'" 401) 1DC1udo. a rather .1lr1ldng relorono. to1 OdD D1"', the aore1. ot 1Ib1ch. '11: 10 auggeato • 1. ._what1_1' than thet ot tho rut of the tor".
In .pI.to of the .tre'quan~ .:Q!l'Oa.ad boradta. 4uote aanotonT and lnaotlon. 1iIlo1'O 10 an undor~ andquite hlshlT do..lo:pe4 ao1t-oontU-noo. coup1od with aotrong wiU to sot tb'nga don.,_ renale4 in lIloet ot thelett...., tho tono of Wldoh in QlO -a 1. atlU acheerf"U1. one. t
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l'81il.ttoDll betilNl t1ab olVS"....(llUlO<'lll11 t:-oop:a eout__ to be VfIr7 o...s1al. 8Dd DOt0IlII ~.o 0 t baa beell 8'_k
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•successtullJ and .njoJablJ tog.th.r. In the r.sult,ws ot thls Cansdlan Corp. ow. to the HOOle Guard orau. sax auah aore than WI hay., in taot, oontributedto the••
In vie. ot What I hay" ••1d, the deol110n •• to.hat UI. Ihould be made 'Of the .one,. pr••entad tothls Cansdlan Corps bJ the Hoa. Guard ot Su x wssnot dlttlcult to resch. I know thst I .xpr thsvl.ws ot all rank. In d.cldlng that tha b.st aannsrin which '8 can commemorate the t~ and fraternala••oolatIona 'hioh have been .ltab11.hed bet.een ua1. to arrange that the aone78 80 railed Ihall remainIn the countJ ot Sus ••x and that the ben.tlt shallacoru. to the Sul.ex Home Guard or to an,. poat-waral1itarJ or ••m1-ml1ltarT organlsatlon whlch maJIUDo••d it.
A p*t1on ot the fund has bs.n appl1.ed in thepurchase or a trophJ, to 'b. known •• 'the Canadlan .Corps TrophJ. ~he lncom. troa the balance wl11 beutl11s.d ~o provld. annual prls.s to the unlt orsull-Unit t>t the Su...x Ho•• Guard that maJ b. deemed
~bJ the Advls0rJ Coma1ttee to b. the .o.t .ttlcl.nt.The respon.lbl1ltJ ot toralng the Advl.orJ Coaa1tt•• ,I aa gratefUl to be able to announoe, ha. been .oatklndlJ und.rtaken bJ the Hlgn Coaal.slonsr tor Canada,the Rt, Bon. Vinoent wa.le7, and the Lord Lieutenant,Lord teconf1ald.
Now, that 1. all I ha.e to lay, exoept to tellthe people ot Sua ••x, through tho•• pre.ent, that,becau•• you have understood UI and opened ,our ho.e.to U. "all'd hrlped u., I 0&11 a.aure ,.ou that thoae otu. who return to Canada w111 take with u. the tntentlon that the 'tl.s whlch have pr.vlously exlst.dbetween th~. oountr,. and our own should b~.trength.n
ed; that more etteotive me.na to eoop~rnte in preventing a reourrenoe ot ware ahould be autuall,.d.velop.d; and that, 1n the evolutlon ot a b.tt.rworld ord.r, the Britl.h Emplre - t ••t.d and purltledbJ the .xperlence througn whlch .. are ps.. lng - 9111hay. a vltal part to plaJ.
I now have great pl•••ure in hand1ng over to theLord Lieutenant tha d••d ot tru.t and tho CenadlanCorps ~roph1. (Caned.'s "••klz, 1 Oct 4:1)
General Crerar". oorre.pondenoe 1n thi. aatter with ColonelE.J.W. Plk. ls to b. ~ound in 1 Cdn Corps tl1. G.G.C. 8 - ~
Plk., F.D.l, now ln the cu.todJ ot Hlst Sac, C.M.H.~
\SPECIAL PROBLBIIS OF 'mE FREIIOH-GANADIA!lS
4:2. The Can.d1an Bold1er. ot Frenoh origin haye been, ..was to be .xp.cted, som.thlng ot a sp.olal probl.... Engllsh1e not their .ot~er tongu~••nd a coneiderable proportion otthe aen could not speak EngUsh wh.n thaJ .. eaohed tha Un1tedKingdom. Th1a lnav1tablJ ..de lt aore dlttlcultfbr th.a toadapt them.elye. to Engliah ••y8 than waa the oa8e .ith other~.nadi.n•• and undoubt.~ly interposed. barrier bet••en the.and the p.opl. oJ: Englapd, whlch .aJ ha"e contrlbuted to thegrowth ln soae places ot suoh host11. t.eUng as that aent10nadin para. ~ abov.. ~h. V.rJ tlrst tortnlghtlJ r.port ot thePleld~.nsors (1 - l~Sep 41) ret.rs to thl. sp.c1al proble.,
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!here 18 ac.ae hOlM.lom••• among thoa. whoha"e been over here a long tt.a part1cularl}'..onget Prenoh Canadian unit., but the 1apr••• lon1a g1"en or wanting to get on with the job or1'1ght1ng, which 18 what the)' c..e ror.
'3. It ..eu 11kel" that the French Oanad1ana, l1ke theirEngllah-apeaking oaapatrlota. have beoome inore.a1ng17 acouato.ed to Engl1sh 111'e .. tt.a haa pa..ed, and th1a proble.. h..beco... rather leea 1aportent. Exam1nat1on 01' the aoat recentoenlorshlp report. reveal. no indioation of a diffloult aituation 1n thle reap.ct, and indeed there are very re. apeoializedretereno•• to Prenoh Canadiana, although ocoaalon.lll there ar.hoat1le coamenta upon th.. b}' Canad1ana 01' other origin•
• ,. There are lome indloatlomthat, at leaat at oertainper1oda, the d1ac1pl1ne or French-eanad1an un1ta, and therelat10na or French-eanad1en aold1era with the Br1t1ah public,have be.n leaa a.tlatactor1 than was the oa•• wIth the Canadian1'arce at large Caee belo", par... (65 - 6~) • In cone1der1ngauah lndioationa, it 1•••11 to take into acoount the oircumatance. noted In para 42 (above).
DISCIPLINE AID DEPORTMEI!
'5. Soaeth1ng ..uat be add or" the "general behaviour 01' theCanadian troopa during their long aOJourn 1n England, and 01' theatate 01' d1ac1pl1ne aa re1'lected 1n or1'1c1al recorda. Thiaque.tion ma1 be Donvenlent11 studied in •••ri•• or .ummarl••prepared b}' the A.G. Branch 01' O.U.H.Q.
'6. The earl1eat or theae auaaarie. waa aubm1tted to G.O.C.-1n-e. Firat Cdn Arm)' on 29 Sep '2. A cop1 01' ita coveringletter 1a attached as an Append1x to the preaent report. Th1aaummar}' dealt with tha a1tuat1on during the .,ole period 1'ro..the rirat arrival 01' Canadian troopa in the United Kingdoato the end at August 1942. The 1n1'or",ation 1ncluded 1a, however,coaplete and thoroughl}' reliable onl}' ror the latter part 01'th1a period.
47. An extended oa.untar,. on the .u.:aar,. ia unneoe••&r7,but one or t"o 1Japortant po1nta JaB}' be noted here. It 1a 01'apec1al 1ntereat that the atandard or beha,,1our within the 1'oreeIbo.ed a distinot 1aprove.ent •• ttae p••••d, and the nu.ber oro1'1'encea did not grow 1n proportion to the growth 01' the Canad"1an 1'orce in the United K1ngdo... In connection with ..1l1tBr7orrence. generall, among other ranks, t~e aummary ob.er••• thatin AugUlJ;, 1942, with reapect to both 1'lield tormation. andatatic tormation., a amaller peroentage ot peraonnel are oau.ingtrouble than 1n Jan '1".
48.' The obBervationa in oonnec~ion with clv11 ottenc•• are11kew1ae 01' apec1al 1ntereat. !he total 01' c1y11 conv1ct1onawaa cona1derabl}' a..ller than might ha"e been expected 1nview 01' the oceaa1onal unra"ourable pUbl1c1t}' to which theOanadian Al"D" hal b.en .UbjectK 1n thi. oonn.eotion. Dur1.ng aperiod ot oonsiderably aor. than two and a halt ,..ar., on17 ~~
sOldiera were recorded .a cODvioted by the British olvil Court••While theae f1gurea are ad&1ttedl}' not complete, the reportoommenta that they "are suftioiently aocurate to ahow that theproportions of our troops involved in oivil projeoutlon. 1.relatively .mall".
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.~. At. -ad t. period dell1t with Sa tbb tu.t... t' (Sl A ~l the total .t~ 01' u.. O·...dbn ArwIo,v.... ... .$'18 aU. ftJIb (Report ! 86. AJlpMldb ·A").
OIl a, liar 6ll a 1'II1"tber .lltIIa1tt.d toO.O.-1J:l-O. pu.t Clia ArwI. conr1Jl,g to - period
1 "I' - Sl Deo 41! (o.».a.Q. tu.. llO/ottNIC./U. 'lh1. reportproduo.d tlgur.. abow1q tbt 1nci4enc. or c.rt.in t;rp.. or01'1'_•• per ~1I'.~ troo • Sa the 1lidtad ltingtla at YViowIdata.. 1!w.. 'ban been 1DGorporated Sa A _db: "8".- ,fil. ...jor (DOW Lt.-elll.) L.B. Donald. !.G.II. c.LlI.Q••'IIbo P"PIU"d tbe ..pceot. _de Sa 1t the to1lo1dJla _nt.lUlOA tba l' • ret.rna to,- ,
It will be _n that. with the exc.ption 01'the 1DGlUDIO. per l210UUDd at tJo!.al. b)' court.
t1.o.1P. the oven.. tscur.. lIN rather aub.tantWl,.b.tter _- tho.. 06noern1.t>8 tp. 1n Canada tor tbe_ IIlODthe. ..••Le an the awrege b. Uttla _ ..thAn twa third. 01' that 1n C8_4&. 4ruDIoanne••app.-r. to'be 1n about tba ._ propol't1.ona ......1. UI4 01YU ott.""•• lift 81mat thr•• t1... a.preYill.nt 1n C.na4& U tha7 lift bare. 1!w u.. orP. C••L b rlI t!lan t1do... 1'requent ....20.....
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011 the _t 01' oi'l11 ott_... lIajor Donald _detba po1at that 'tIh$.l. 1'1guao••• the tal 1IIJII)e1' or per 1!molTed _ not a',&Slab1. tba~ 01' actual. oonT1ots.tor ott_.. triad b)' the YU author1tia. dIIr1l1ll tbi tbUi11'_ the or 1'42 .. 2111. or tba .entano•• awaoded. lIIl1:I, 11,..... 1'(>1' PU'loda 01 _. than twa "'U'" D1F1aox.ant.
. . - aJar Jt)Donald', t1nal "'-J'1 01' the wbol.UaolP1!n.\'J' a1tuat1an 4ul'1IlB the qwartal' ran .. tollon,
~~, It 1a o.....Uend tbat aU. attba 0 aDO". the 4bc!,pUMJ'1 a1tuatlaawith1a tba can ArwI O'tv.aa.~ be jlaacrlbed ..
lIN 01' cbron1o or ...peat ottUl4~••• it ia..lI1la.d that a relat1Y.1J' mall l' 01' Cdntp. Sa~ U.L 18.at~ tl'cU'bla. Pal'tlou1ar1J'18 th1. the 0..... wl.th ragud to 01'111 ttanc.lI.It will be aQn thU ,pprox1lllat.b 0" third 01'
01' OUl' taro.. haft beeo 1nvolved .1th tba• 01'111 lW'ilor1t1a••
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'1be con... dlllOipUn&r7 p10ture aa retleotodSa then repo1'to, baa a ......,. ~fiB1te pattorn. t!letoUowSac toature. ot wh1ah are .al1011t.- "
(a) Botft ~ and 6_ ot t!le troopo Sa the U,L. . .. booOllllO Sawol....d w1th II1Utu'7 o1't_o. til t!Ie
period ot a .,nth.,
(b) Ab. 0 w1thout loa~ load. lUIIO tho II1UtlU'Jotr_., aoooUDtlDs tor 11I01"O than~
(0) D1'IiDkII_u dOOR JItlt appear to be a 9U7"l'loua tao •
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A. Ul aft1" tsguro,' •. to II ao1dlO1'. out ot0'lll1'1 lOU are 1Jrrolftd with the oirt!al112ll11'1t • oaoh" _ ••
• (0) !be II l' ot ao1d1.I'. 4oa1t w1th b7 Court.JIa1't1a1 10 approd.uteb~ ot tho total. ZlllIlhr
off.m•• nth wh10h l:h~ .... •
117.. Pall' tba pwloll IIUbaoquent to :51 ar 4$. DOco....Udat.d repo1't. ba... boon ~ued at c. 1Io11. Pull1'OOorda ha... ho_vor boon ~taSaod, and A. (Dlo), C.».B.Q.,baa IIIldo avenabl. otat101:1oo ot olv11 oonrtoUona t auCaIIOd1al1. troop. in th. 1lD1ted lI:1Jlgdoa <to.... to tho and ot 114$,aa to11on. Pol' lil. tbzoe. lIODtho .n,Hns ;,0 .nna 4$, t!le totalDUIIIlor or civU oonrtcUona ... 2U, ror tho thro. *lDtba.nding ;,0 IIop .., it ... 219, and tor tho tlJloo. _tho ftI<lh'l8:51 DOO .., it waR 216.
58. '1'1\. total .tr.nstb ot the C8M.d1aD Arrq 0V0l'....at 'thO thro. dat•• -.1:1....4 ..... toUO....
IlJ thi. period, ho val',. a oond4erable part of the Canad1anUrtq Ova".... had lett the Un1ted K!ngdom and ria elllPlo,edin thll JleditenllDllan theatre. 'l'ba aotual .trength of theCanadian Urtq in the Un1ted K1ngddm at the.e date. was ufolIo.... '
"0 JIm 4:l - 201,046 all l' IDkIo"0 Sep 4:l - 204,981' •:U Dlo 4:l - 171,273" "
(C.II.H.~. fqe 22/8trenatb/2/2l.
!be.o figure. inolude tho women' ••orvico••
59. 'lbe Ii tuaUon .. deeoribed abova h on the wholea verJ oreditable one, and the flgur.. of oivil offenc.. inpartioular_appear deolde~J .mall in relation to the ei.e ofthe CaJta4.1an foroe in the Un1ted K1ngdaa and tho conditloneunder wb10h 1t he. been .e...1ns. 219 oirtl oonviotlons ina perlod of throe month., out of a'foroe of more than 200,000min, h a reoord wb10h provid.. no jut b..h for cOlllPla1nt.
60. In tllo.. oiroUlllOtanoe. lt II&J appear ourprh1nsthat the Canadl~. should at'v....loue tlme. hav. rooeivedv0rJ conoiderable· adv.r.e publ101tJ and have been the .ubjeot
, of orltlo,l obllrvatione bJ oertain Englloh magl.tratee. Itobould be noted, ho..,ver, that thl. dtuatlon hal be.n muohIe.. in evidenoe in reoent IIlOntha.
61.... The wor.t outbur.t of adver.e pUbl101tJ p.rhap.followed the mov_nt of tho Canadlan Carp. into au••ex latein 1941. A. noted above, the rtnter of 1941-42 _. adiffioult perlod t'J'om the point of view of the morale of theCanadlan troop.. one incldent whioh attraoted oondd.rableattention arou out of a anoDJlllOu. letter to the Su.sex Daill.en. wb10h aooued Canadian solMer. of ·hooliganl...•• andaaaed. ·unle•• the offioor. in oharge of the.. brute. oanoontrol the.. lt would be a good thing for the lDlthor1tl.. toapplJ tor their r..,val·.
62. Th1. letter wu annerod in a o"""",m!oaUon to the..... papal' trt1Jll Earl Winterton. II. P., 'IIho ..ld he wrote ..'Sonier ._1' ot Parl1_t in length ot .ervloe tor SUOlaxand .. a formor Cab.inet JI1nhter anx1ou. to support a maximulllwar etfort tor the lIbole Elapire, .. ona who kno". Canada.and hal been brought into intimate relaUonoh1p with theCanadian toroe. in England". Lord Winterton romark.d that theaDOUJIl(lUa corr. spondent'. "remark above quoted .... • "monatrouathl-ng for IDJ per.on. espaoiall" one writlng under tho oloakot anolQla1tJ, to .aJ about oarv1oamon and teUo..oubjeot.from another part of the ElI!P!re here to defend u. ligain.tinTadon·. Be did not danJ that there ..re otfonoe. oOlllll1ttedbJ Canadill,Xl•• but r8l1&rked that the.e wore the rk of am1noritJ. Be mad~ a further oomment ~oh is wortbJ ofquotaUonl
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In lIlJ oon.UtuenoJ .0.. eighte.n IIlOnthe agothe mo.t .oriou. w1lful dll1lUf/!:e doDO to propertyWO. bJ a oertain unlt 'ot th. Br1tioh u.q. Neither., con.tituentl nor I thought it patriotio orde.1rable to write to the _u about it.
(Qanadian Pre.. deepatoh in Olo.e and JIa1l,TOROliTO. 17 Jan'42. l
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, '1'1la t'ant that a .0IcUer••ailor. or a1rmantran.gr....e. the In. 1IIU".17 dou not ~
"U.or.cUt" on ~ part10ular lervice to which hab.l ••
1lh7. ~r.t'or•••l.n81. out the Canad1an. t'orthe p1l10l7'
IIaJ we v.ntur. to hope that JIlII8l8trat•• inrutur. will t.mper wi th cU.or.tion and t'air ....rdeRn7 obeervationa the7 -7 b. tUlPted to man 'llben"a blaak .ha••" ot' th1...gt.t'lo.nt ...., !'rom theDoJdn1on .tend. in their polloe....o1\l't dock.
6'- It 18 only t'air. perhap.. to nUon 0Ile or two.xamp1n ot' ~ bad b.haviour ot' whioh. undoubtedlJ. a aal1mtnoritJ ot' Canadian .01cUer. _re guiltJ. and whioh ....reaponaib1e t'or the adv.r.. oo....nta tn suaeu r.port.d abov••Some iDd1oaUon ot' the oooaaionaUf dU'C1cult .tat. ot' thing.durl.n8 tht. winter ot' 111'1-62 -7 be ch"a_ !'rom r.t'erenonin the pr...... The Evenipg sttrOH (LOIIDON} ot' 151 Deo 41.r.portl.n8 a 080•• at BRnmtOlt oh three Canadian Sapper•...r. eaoh" t'ined two po~. quot.d the DeputJ Ohl.t Conatabl.a. "7ing. a~.., di.turbano•• at Dl.ght are gattl.n8 ra~r••rioue. "Our _ have b••n utr_17 tolerant .1th theOanad1an•• but Ncent17 the7 have had tp ch"a.. th.ir trunohaonain uU-det'eno." •
65. Another inoldent !'rtlll BRIGII'l'OIl. involving thr••• oldl.r. not .peo1tlcal17 r.terr.d to a. Canadlan.. but havl.n8Pr.nch name., .a. reported 1n the Ev.~ 81:aldard or 17 Jan.2J the three _n were aocu••d at bi~ kick.ifYn atobaooonl8t'. windo•• cau.l.n8 daJllll8•.8IIO\Ulttng to more thanll2l5.0.0. The7 ...re fiNld £2.0.0 eaoh and order.d to P&7 t'orthe dlUllaga, or alternaUv.ll 1:0 undergo t.l'IIlII ot lmpr1aonmant.A mora ••rlou. eharge _. r.rerred to in.the.;/l.... ot th. Worldot 11 Jan .2. _n a Canadian ao1d1ar, aJ..o th a Pi".noh..-, .... reported to have b.en reMnded in ou.toq on acharge 01' lDtllotb\a grado... boc11l7 har:a on a t'1tte.n-,.arold girl. 'Jh1. ino1dent had pr.vlou.1y bean r.t.rred to in~ Oa11y 'l'a1a~aph (LOIDClII). 5 JaD ~. whioh reterr.d to 1taa the Qul.'n.UOD ot -the recent I r.1•• or •••aUl.t. onpede.trlan. and pollc. in Brlghton" t and obaarved "last i>1ghtt'•• girl. or women ventur.d out ot' door. atter blackout".!he aolcU.r involved ... lIUb.equentlI .entended to n1nemonth.' 1Jnpr1aonment (C.II.H.Q. t'il. 0/laurl01 E./l).
66. Thea. r.t.r.no.. cull.d !'rom contemporar:r n•••papep.IlUgg••t that the 0.11.&aHon. mad. agaln.t the Oanadian. inauaa.,. at thl8 pertod. while c.rtdnlf too ....p1Dg...r.not m.....ly !'rlvolOt1ll.
67. Althougb) a. alreaQ not.d, .0_ I!lrltllh -.g1atrat••were r.ported to have made ao1d c..-nta on ~ !'r.queno7with which Oanadian. appeared in their oourta. 8WIJ tend.don the other hand 1:0 treat ottending CanacUan••1th greater'1.n1.ncf than the canad1en authorlH •• conald.r.d de.irable.Th1. matt.r had co_ to ottlolal attentlon at lQ1 earlf data.and on 6 IIov .a the Rt. Hon V1no nt IIane,. High Oommi..lonertor Canada, WIIot. t'ormall7- to the IIOIM 8eor.t&rJ pointingout ~ unfavourable .1'1'eot upon di.c:lJ>line 11k.lf to tollow•
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•-20-
trOll the po41~J o~ wmec:..allr7 hnlell.e}'. and adding.
It 1. 'I1tI own ,,1•• and that of the CanadlanXl.l1tllIT authorltle. th4\ lenient ~tlon or thl.klDd ahould not be g1....n aDd that C.....dian .oldl.r.~harS.d 1'1~ 01't.~•• , abould b. dealt 1'1th .trtotl)'on the merlt. of the ~ue and Sl n au~h pun10bMDta. l'Ould be detarent to th....l aDd oth.r•••••
(c...a.Q. tU. 20/Clvl1/1)
68. Ud. oftlcial attltud' b tr.qu.ntl)' retl.~ted lDr.port.. ot pro~••d1ng. in ~OUl't. 1D wh1.ch Canadlen ottlo.r.a.k.d that magbtratn ahould not .ho. Canadlan .oldl.r.a lani.DC)' wldoh, ...,uld no!' b. ahOWl) to l!lngl1obmen lD .1mUar
,~1r.....tIlnc... 'l.'hua. for In.t~•• tha Ne at the Worldot II J ..... 4ll reported that a canad1aJi orf1~ aakila thiimagbtrata. at the CHICIlE8'l'i:1l Quart sa.dona not to treathi. Mn leni.nt!)'. 'lhe Mn conc d "'1". "thr•• FreDC~c.nadien. 'Ib:> had pleaded guilt)' to breelrfns into the_atab!laf BDt.l. J[1gh.o"tre.t, PBTWCIITJI. ll\la.ax" and .t••UnsYar10ua artl~l.a. b o1'tl~.... lD qua.tlen .... report.d toha.... told the magiatrat••• "Th1ns. o~ thla natura gl". theCanadian J.:nq a v.r, bad n_ end lt the....n are treat.dlight!)' ....... golng to ~ODt1Jwe to ha 'trpuble at thl. naturathroughout". III the _nt o~ ot the n;ora••antall4.d to_Iva "",ntha and o~ to .u IIOD~ 1IIprl_nt. It...,uldnot be dlttloult to III21tipl)' .xapl•• at .1JI1lar oun. (4)
,AllGLG-CA1UDUN IWlRUGES
. .69. Durlng the lons .t..,. ot the cana41an Arrq lD theBrltlah ral••, a TW1"7 lege n""".r ot me.rrlas•• have talcanplac. b._.n Canadian .0141.re and EDgll.q ":QD!en. Theactual total o~ marriagea"lD the untt.d ,Jr1ngdolll to :51 II..,. "1a 1'7,:590. 'l'h1" inolude•• ot oour.e. a ~erta1n UUDIler ot1Ull'1'1aga. in ,lh1ah both parti., ••re q diana. and no doubt• o.rtalD nUllb.r lD whioh the .0IIUlD 1'8-S not ot Brlt1ahnettonellt)'. But the vaat _Jorlt)' wre betR.n Canadianottlc.r. or "oldi.r. and Brltbh 1'0_110 !!he toll-orlngbr.akdown ot the tot&t ha. been p%'ovldad b7 A.G.'7(o). C•••H.Q.I
70. The .tteot or th1a ver7 181'g. nUlllber at .......1"1/18..on the tutur. r.lation. at Br1tain and Canada 1a an !ntere.tlngaubjeet tor 8P8oulat1<>n. bUt one on ~~h 11ttle oan be aa1dhare. It 1'1ll ~rta1nl7 result in a great~ English _ntindlns ne. hoM. lD Canada after the war, -..,. Engl1ah 1'1"..
Evening Standard (LONDON). 27 .run 44. quotes 111". JUst1ce Ma~naghten
as obS6rv1Ii8 that in some ways it would be better 1f' of'fences byCanadian soldiers were dealt with by Canadian courta-~tial. Headded: "In my experience there 18 a natural. rel.uctanee on ~e partot any ~ourt to tntlict ~sbmer.t upon Canadien volunteers.
" -21-
(
-1l3. •
.. . . .
aIlI1 "-'1oan• nth obI'
ta _twl'tlr
co th4t baan ellli'1!a'
•••
•
•
- .~
-2:5-
•
•- la'-
(JJIIi1IRAL SllIlURT
ll4.. 'ale ob3.ot. or tbi. a.por1I haw .. up10bwdtil tho begbmSna, 1:0 dlraot Iltl:.1:1c:a 1:0 lID~t lIUb,Jaotand 1:0 oou.ot to:r UM a .te;nltSD I: boctr or m4D.relati%lg to 1 8t<ll'7 18 ft1'J ~ta (the toploIII1l#1I: in It..1t JIl"OV14a tfle _ttR or a book) and the~ia!l~" 1& t .u..to~ 1ll _. oSIro...unoe.ClOtIIIlua101U1 ..t W4 .11;11. t1.all "WI ,.. ItaIl7 110 1a Ol"&lr, how ~ I: to the\M!ISng palDt. ttlloh hca n1.dellce uamsned.
(a) £1tbouGb a 110 or to1&' a baU 7- til~d~ lItatSD oOl1d1t1eats: ,nllr __ teat, tb8.ll'SLY o-l1tlU bu~ ae.1"u11lr mdntaSned.
(b) 'ale CIo];101'taeDt or the C ti'ooPll 'on the tbltadJ:I.n&d01II Clm W aho_ to haw b4Ian, 011 tbo 9Ib:l1a,OOl'NOt eJl4 orodltab1a. on:-o haw boan d11'ftoUlt1eaat 08I1'ta1D par1od8 (DOt b W1a • ore%ld 1 -4l!) but the ill baa beeD _ or
• •
(0) '1!Ie l'elal:101la or t:anodS. troo;>. with thotim peo , IIOt tm1"1'11Z'11ll1lJ' oord1a1 in
lIoshwdllll,han 11laaw1...~ 1IopN,.a and tilNOeIlt IIOfttba r.w bee llD OA uta_llr l10UIld andf'lo1ecd17 bu1
.98.. 'l!le .....on. t the lIatiat'ootCl'7 ...111111:. obta1Dedhaft bnD to a~ uta .,....'oa4 abo"., though a tu11 lIOoOllllll
• - .
~ 1)\.-:-'r....,---•
(C.1'.
,.,~I
'l'1» 'I'01la1noua Appond1coa to thiaRopt haft baeD .-ittod.
•
IIBP(R!I! 01( DISCIPLID OJ' DB CABADIA1I AIlIIr• -09B1lllDS BY SOIO! OPI'ICIi2l, O••,u.Q.
8' 1I0p 68
0.0.0 .-1n-t.,nrat 0"'" Uw:I•.. .
DISCXPLID - SUIIJlARr
•
•
1. ~a .1l!!IIalT or diu1p1ine baa been p..pued to'ahoW aentenaoa a~d b7 01nl -no 1n t1la 1Jn1tod n ...ae .0U .. 1>7 Courta ....Ual and a1Ut&lT II' .", fto1ala.tho aatorial 1Ib10h 18 aula1ttod 1n t1la tora ot tablea &lid8J'&phs .0 been din/lad into a1Ut&lT ottellll.. senen;:J:.oene~ Oou.rts IIlIrt1a1. J'1eld oeDlral Courta Jla»t1al01nl oft&l:lcoa. &lid gonoral 0 nta are aada un..... t1laappropr1a to head1J1g••
8. !be tabl.. and graphs appear .. appendioo. astoU_I-
•• !be•• or1'ene.. inol.wH tboH t1'1 b7 P.G.C;II. as _U"'! talon tr1ed In"Mr~ b7 a_ncll ng ot1'leer••
5. Allpendtx '"II" eontll1na a .erie. e1' table. ginng aa'_"" 01' or1'enees e.-1tte4 117 paoeonnel or 1'le14 1'=-tiClD8.It 1e di"ldo14 to .bow tlw maobe~ e1' or~.nca. under d11'1'erentSeotlona 01' ta1e~ Act and 1. lUnded alao to &how the ee....s.tted aont21J.7 1'rom Ian ~ to and inoluoHna ollIS d. !betlrat tabla 18 a~ or total. and the othere g2,ft ta11a1nt0l'!ll&t1on tel' tale var10U11 1'1eld to.....tlona ..
6. Allpendtx "C" oontains a aerle. ot table. giY1ng .,.n.p1nto.....tlon in re.peet ot ta1e .•tatle to~tiOJIJI tor tha aontlw~ Apr ~ to Aus ti inellU1-n.
7. AppeXld1x "D" 1. a tabla ~ow1ng ta1e total JmIlber 01'otteno•• oamd.tted by lI81'.onnel 01' t.b8 T&1'1Qua'1'el'lll&tiona. both1'leld and .tatiG. and.Pl'on4ea·all .vailable 1ntONation trcaJ~ U to and inellld1ng ollIS ~.
(&) !be total JmIlb.. ot ottenoe. 0.-itte41 tlw totaln-a.bep or orteno•• 01' ab.eQ,oe 111 tbOllt ..ve andthe total DUllber ot oftenoea _door the~ ActIlootion .0 in ....1&tion to tlw total.nl8ber ortl'OOP8 invol-nd 1'01' e.oli ot the aonta1e ot I>#P Uto and 1nol,1CI1 ng Aug ~.
(b)
(0)
(.)
(b)
, .Sl.Un 1ntoraation in .....peot 01' tlw 1'1.14 1'01'll&titor ta1e montla or Jan U 'e and inolu'''ng ollIS tie
•ll1a1lar 1nt01'lll&t1on in re.peot 01' .tatio t01'll&tion.
top tb8 month. ot App ~ te and inol"cUng ollIS ~••
!be toUo1I1ng oCllllllenta are made 1-
-It 11111 be. noted. partioularly that the lNIIb.r 01'ottence. baa not inoreued in prcportlon to"tlwtno....u. in the DUabe1' 01' troop. in..the 1J.It.Wlth.re.pect tl> both tlo14 tol'Dtiona and .tatietoraat1Ol1B•• _llar percentage or peraonnel areeauatna trouble than in Jan 4.
'!'be aea t pr....bnt otteno. 1& abaenoe 111 tbout 1......It accounta ter rather better than ~~ 01' ta1e total.
. . .
., -lS-
(0) ftIII na:t ao.t preft1ent 01&•• eI ott.ncea 10that ."''18 1I1W1l the Arq .lot S.ot1on '0 _o"''''''ot or n.llleot to t:be_ ...~u41•• ot goodorc18r aIlll aiUtarT 41••1pl1zle. R01111'17 OMth1l'1l ot i:!ie total mEor ot otton • _ otth1. olaa••
•(d) ftIII third ..at Pl'8ft1.nt ottence 10 thAt: ot
dromlretllW....hich .coounto toi' • rmarllab17...1] pero.nt.ge ot tho toW.
(.) ott.no.. in'f01v1J1g 41aobe41mce aIlll 1nauborcUnat101l_ relatl...l,. t ....
G~ CO!JIl!ll IIAMUL
10. .lnpend1x "J" oonta1na n... table. ahowins the mab.l'of Generlil Oourt. 1lart1al. b~d 111tbin tho w.r1oua t01'lll&t1onaboth t101d aDd .totlo. ftIII7 _ d1~c184 Jntc the et Pl'8ft1entW.. ot ottene•• aIlll lIbo.. alao the tot~ mabel' ot acoused s.vnl90cl and tho ••ntaco••1fIll"dade !he n". tabloa OOTOr thepOr1oda,-
• lil}1U}1.).)
~o 1 .Tan1. .Ten to 1. Apr •1. API' to 1 J\ll. ~fM _th ot la1 .aftIII aClllth ot AU.
(b)
(0)
U.(.).
!h. toU..,1zIg o...nt. are aa40,-Pur1Ds th. per10d in llu..t101l thero bave b.e'71 ott1cora trhd. bJ General Oourt; JlU't1al.. orthos. II ~ve b••n _hiorod and 81 4111111,.od thOS.r"4.... !he total. ..-pro••nto "," than'~ orthII.lQIb.r ot omo.r. in the V.L .t t:be pro••ntts. in • t .. ina....... ttl.ON ban b.triad em more 12I4In. 00 eu101l.
,!ho gre.t 1Il&J0rit;r ot th. ott....... 0 within1I00tion .0 or the ......, .lot. A jl,arge mE,r otthe•• ~ to do 1l'S,th tho 0_1.........UJl8 orthe "_'.~ ."Q~ anIl ~ .one.ll..n"nOl1-~nt .t ebO\llIlIlJ.
DrunIrenDe•• ~ ab.....o witbrut 1_... acoount lorIIlOII t. ot the l'O""n1n8 oi1'ence••
Z2ll8 ~ t11lI p...sonnel ot the CanacUan Uw70....1'..... ha.... been lnvol....d in tr1a1a b7 P.G.C•••IhAo,- bave bMll. oOllvioted on' an aft ot twootteno•• eaoho
1) ~ 1 Jan 4ltU) 1 oTan to 1 APr 4lt111) 1 Apr to 1 JUl 421v) ftllI aonth ~ JUl 42'v) The Jlonth ot Aug 42.
15. !be... tabl.. lib.... the natu1'e ot tblI ott.nc.. aDd the..nten6a. a1llll'clad tor e60h ot the to_tiClDll, both t1eld and.tatl0.
16. t!blI tollowing o..-nte ........1411-
(a)
(b) A total ot 92ll .0141... have b.en oonvieted bT 'the 01vi1 courh during the pariod 1ID4er 1'Ovin.Th1a figure 1a not antbe17 aOCUl'ate bT ra..on ofthe taot that l'lIoorda for the .017 stege....... noteOlllPl.ete but a1'll auttioiont:l7 aocurate to lIhoWthat the proportion ot 0\11' troope invohed in01vil pro.eoUt101111 1. relaUv.17 ••'].
(0) Appendix RXa 18 a nClll1nal 1'011 of aU Can""hn, .0W.r. B8rving .entenoe. a1llll'dad b7 01vil court•
... at·S1 Sep 42. the)' total 186. ''1'he 11et al••ahon tho nature of the ott.nos, date of oonviotlon,••ntellOa a.....~, p1"1.on to 1lh1eh 00JlJl1 tted tuid,.bora availabla, the probable date ot l'81e....
17. A,ppend1% a~ ill a U.t ahow1ng the ImIIber ~ Canacl1aD80141.... undal' .nteno. a.....cl8d b7 service Court. ... ot cartatndate. in 1ll4l!. 1h18 U.t 1'Otlaol;a the 1lO'f8 ~ Canadian p8rllODoonel out ot 81"1t1ah ]).tenUon BG1'1'&oka to the CanadS an ])etent1OJlB_ek. t!blI U.t aleo 8_ the Jl1lIII>.r undegoing t1t14plm1~nt in tbo CanaoUan Ple14 Pum~nt O..p aDd tho••••,:ving t11lI1l' .entionoea in otv11 prillOnlI.
18. !be oa.t...txHng features 41.010884 b7 tha intO...t1OD81ila1tted appear to be .. toll_l-
(a)
(b)
(0)
~ proportion ot ~Opll o...tting ott.ne.. hU.ub.l.ot to certa1n ....onal tluotuations, .tead1~4&o1'O...a4o
the groat _.l01'11ir ot ottaDll••, approxI.aatli17 t~,are pure17 bl'8aohea ot a1UtaJT 41.clplin••.!!be :IJ'Oportion ot t1"oop. involwd in' 01vil otteno••18 _11 and hU .tead117 4&01'0....40
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