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1. Nationalism • Nationalism is a strong feeling of pride & love for one’s
country
• Expressed through competition & a desire for power (i.e. – German v. France)
• Countries sharing a similar nationality formed bonds – Pan Slavism: Russia and Serbia
• Certain nationalities resented domination by other countries & wanted independence (Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire)
2. Imperialism
• Imperialism is when one country takes over another country
• Imperialism goes hand in hand with Nationalism
• European countries compete for colonies leading to increased hostility & problems
3. Militarism• Militarism is the glorification of war
• Militarism was adopted to defend nationalism & imperialistic colonies.
• Results: – An increase in tension & suspicion between countries– An Arms race – build up of weapons & naval power– A “survival of the fittest” mentality
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers
[Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany
73%
4. Alliance System• Nations sign agreements to support one another if
another is attacked. – Allies: (Triple Entente) –
• France, Great Britain, Russia (later the United States).
– Central Powers: (Triple Alliance) – • Germany, Austria – Hungary, Italy
• Provides some international security with no one wanting to upset the balance of power.
• Problem: a small war could turn into a major event!
Chain Reaction
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjqIJW_Qr3c
How does the video illustrate the inherent or built in danger of the system of alliances?
5. Pre-determined War Plans • Most European countries had pre-determined
war plans if and when the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance ever went to war.
• Example: – Schlieffen Plan – Germany’s plan to attack France first
and then go after Russia. – Plan 17 – France’s plan to concentrate most troops in
one area to pierce through the heart of Germany
Immediate Cause of WWI: • Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
of Austria – Hungary
• When: June, 1914• Where: Sarajevo, Bosnia • Who: Assassinated by Serbian Terrorist group,
the “Black Hand.” (Gavrilo Princip)• Why: Upset over Austria-Hungary’s control
over Serbian people in Bosnia.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE8552joxfE