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523 Obituary GILBERT EDWARD MOULD M.R.C.S. Gilbert Mould, who died at Sheffield on March 16, was a son of the late Dr. G. W. Mould, superintendent of Cheadle Royal, and he devoted himself to his father’s specialty. From Cambridge he went to St. Mary’s Hospital, London, where he qualified in 1894. After holding resident posts there, he became assistant medical officer at various mental institutions, before becoming superintendent of The Grange, near Rotherham, where he remained to the end of his life. For several years he was physician for mental diseases to the Sheffield Royal Hospital, and later to the Rotherham Municipal Hospital, and he was valued by his colleagues for his ripe experience and sound knowledge of mental diseases. A keen sportsman, he was well known in the hunting-field, and his holidays were always spent fishing in Scotland. BENJAMIN RIGBY JOHNSTON M.D. BRUX., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.I. Dr. B. R. Johnston, who died at Grasmere at the age of 84, was educated at Rossall School, Dublin, and Brussels. In 1884 he took the Irish and English con- joint qualifications, and six years later the M.D. of Brussels. After holding hospital appointments in Ireland and making a trip as ship’s surgeon to the Far East he came to England to act as assistant to Dr. Floyd, of Birkenhead. In 1888 he moved to Grasmere where he was still in practice at his death 58 years later. Outside medicine his interests were literary and archaeological, and he was secretary to Dove Cottage and the Words- worth museum. But he identified himself with every good.activity of the village, and in the words of the country folk "Dr. Ben was the most useful man in Grasmere for fifty years." His brother, Dr. G. Ainslie Johnston, of Ambleside, survives him. PROF. MAITLAND RAMSAY Prof. W. J. B. Riddell writes : Dr. Maitland Ramsay died in his 87th year. He was born a few years after the discovery of the ophthalmoscope and grew up during the period of intense intellectual activity resulting from the work of the great Victorians. He was old enough to have seen a cataract extraction performed prior to the introduction of cocaine and well remembered the first occasion upon which the drug was used. Many honours and distinctions were granted to him during his long life and he maintained the greatest interest in the work of his younger colleagues until the very end. I received many letters from him inquiring about the application of modern methods such as penicillin and sulphonamide drugs to the treatment of eye disease. All his life he was enthusiastically devoted to the search for remedies which might alleviate suffering and cure disease. He followed the great tradition of general physicians such as Clifford Allbutt, James Mackenzie, and William Osler, and he had an unbounded admiration for his own old teachers in the University of Glasgow. He delighted in the thought that his chosen subject received academic recognition in his own university almost 120 years ago when a lecture- ship was founded, whose first incumbent was the cele- brated William Mackenzie. When at a later date a chair was instituted he followed its fortunes with interest and understanding. On Active Service CASUALTIES MISSING, NOW PRESUMED DEAD Surgeon Commander THOMAS CRAIG STEVENSON, O.B.E., M.B. Camb., R.N.v.R. Commander Stevenson is officially presumed to have lost his life at the sinking of the S.S. Ban Ho Guan, on Feb. 28, 1942, in umatra waters. WOUNDED Captain S. J. T. MERRYFIELD, M.R.C.S., R.A.3i.C. AWARDS D.S.C. Surgeon Lieut.-Commander S. E. L. Stening, M.D. Sydney, F.R.A.C.S., R.A.N.R. Notes and News NURSES AND THE BILL THE Royal College of Nursing says that it considers the National Health Service Bill an improvement on the original white-paper as far as nursing is concerned. It welcomes the fact that nursing will have its own standing advisory com- mittee at the national level, with direct access to the Minister ; but it will continue to press for adequate nurse representation at the regional and local levels. On the whole it approves the machinery for bringing the whole hospital service directly under the control of the Minister; " this should obviate overlapping, should lead to a more economic use of small hospitals, to improved institutional care of chronic and long- stay cases, and to closer coordination between the mental and physical health services." It welcomes the provision for an extended domiciliary nursing service, but holds that the local health authorities should be under statutory obligation, as in the domiciliary midwifery service, to consult with the voluntary agencies concerned, and wherever possible to provide the service through them. Finally, urging a com- plete overhaul of local-government machinery, the college advocates a public-health nursing department for each local health authority, under the direction of a chief nursing officer charged with coordinating the clinic, domiciliary, and welfare nursing services and preventing redundancy and overlapping. The head of the nursing department should have the status of a hospital matron, with access to appropriate hospital committees on all matters within her sphere. A NEW CAMPAIGN AGAINST DIPHTHERIA THE 1945 campaign for immunisation against diphtheria, supported by more than 300 local drives, was so successful that the Ministry of Health is continuing it this year, in the hope of reaching the target-protection of 3 out of every 4 children. Some 6 million children have already been ixnmu- nised, but at least 3 million are still unprotected ; and of course the numbers immunised each year need to keep pace with the numbers born. A well-designed brochure, issued for the Ministry of Health by the Ministry of Information and the Central Council for Health Education, has been distributed to local authorities. It advises them in planning local cam- paigns and describes or illustrates the help which can be given them. Posters, films, cinema slides, leaflets, and illustrations for press advertisements are ready for those who apply for them, and the brochure encloses specimens of various useful cards and leaflets-a parents’ consent form, a-health visitor’s card, a birthday card for the one-year-old, order forms for advertising material, a leaflet reprinting part of Sir Wilson Jameson’s broadcasts, and others setting out the important facts about diphtheria. The illustrations are mainly of healthy cheerful children : only one picture attempts to excite alarm and despondency, and even in that the child, since he appears to be attended by Dr. Guy Dain, probably has a good chance of recovery. For British propaganda, all the material is unusually pleasing and informative. " SAVE EUROPE NOW " WiTH the aim of relieving starvation in Europe, the promoters of this movement have issued a six-point programme. (1) Stocks of food in this country, estimated as 3,550,000 tons, should be reduced to the 3,000,000 tons at which they stood in September, 1939. (2) Bread should be rationed. (3) The extraction-rate of bread should be raised from 85% to 90% ; this would save about 250,000 tons of grain a year. (4) The amount of grain used for brewing beer should be reduced from the estimated annual total of 800,000 tons. (5) The making of cakes, biscuits, and confectionery should be temporarily decreased or discontinued. (6) Other proposals advanced last autumn, such as the surrender of coupons for meals in restaurants, should again be considered. The address of " Save Europe Now " is 14, Henrietta Street, London, W.C.2. IMPROVED FEEDING-BOTTLE TEAT Mr. B. THEODORE BERY writes : Owing to the necessity of transferring my baby from natural to artificial feeding I decided to attempt to overcome the obvious defects of ordinary bottle teats. The accompanying half-scale figure illustrates the design which has proved extremely satisfactory. It is modelled on the human breast and was produced from an impression taken from a well-formed breast in a hydro- colloid. A stone cast was made, and from this a wax teat, from which tin moulds were made. From these moulds the teats were processed in polyvinyl chloride resin devoid of
