NOTES ON ACIDS AND BASES

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8tTELZD5Ek

PROPERTIES OF ACIDS: Taste sour

Contains H+, (the more H+, the stronger the acid)

Very reactive

USES OF ACIDS: Metal cleaners Batteries Digest food- found in our stomachs Foods Paints Plastics

EXAMPLES OF ACIDS:

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)- in stomach

Citric acid (in citrus fruits like lemons)

Acetic acid (vinegar)

PROPERTIES OF BASES: Taste bitter

Contains OH- (the more OH-, the stronger the base)

Slippery when wet

USES OF BASES:

Cleansers Drain cleaners Soap Shampoo Laundry detergent

EXAMPLES OF BASES:

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Ammonia

Lime water Ca(OH)2

PH SCALE

Ranges from 0-14 Numbers 0-6 represent acids 7 is neutral Numbers 8-14 represent bases

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14strongest acid strongest base

PH SCALE As you move from pH 0 to pH 14, the

concentration of H+ DECREASES (10 times each number)

As you move from pH 0 to pH 14, the concentration of OH- INCREASES (10 times each number)

Ex: A substance with pH3 is 100 times stronger acid than a substance with pH 5. A substance with pH 8 is 100 times weaker base than a substance with pH 10.