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Notes on Biochemistry and Enzymes
Name: _____________________
Date: _____________
Biochemistry
• The study of the chemical reactions of living things is called _______________
• A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is a called an ________________.– Some examples are :
• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and _________________• These elements are the most abundant in living
things.
Inorganic VS. Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds
• Found in living things
• CONTAINS ____________
• Examples include: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids (fats)
Inorganic Compounds• Found in living things
• Does ______ contain carbon
• Examples include: _________ Salts Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide
Why are these exceptions?
Do Now
• Identify ONE organic compound:
• Identify ONE inorganic compound:
Three different types of Organic Compounds
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. _____________________
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are __________ and
_____________
They are used as a source of ________________ _______________.
– Contain C, H, and O in a ratio of 1:2:1– For example: ________________ is glucose– Glucose is a _________________________
The building blocks of carbohydrates are _________________ __________________
Monosaccharide and Polysaccharide
Mono=Simple Carbohydrat e
Simple SugarPoly= Complex Carbohydrate
Found in cell walls and the liver of animals
Carbohydrates in Your DietSimple Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates in your body...
• Carbohydrates get broken down into ________________ ________________ during digestion.
• Describe what you found out during the lab activity.
http://www.biotopics.co.uk/JmolApplet/jcontentstable.html
Lipids (fats, waxes, and oils)• Mainly a source of ________ __________ energy.
• Contain H, C, and ______ but in no particular ratio. Usually many hydrogen atoms.
• The _____________________ are 3 fatty acids and one glycerol.
• The building blocks of lipids are ___________ ______________
Fats in your body....
• Fats get broken down into ________________ ________________ during digestion.
• Draw a picture of this process. Use the words lipid and fatty acids.
Proteins
• Contain C, H, ____ and Nitrogen• Can be used for adding new
________________ in the body.• Examples of Proteins: Structural proteins,
________________, hormones, and antibodies.
• Building block of proteins are ____________ _______________
Examples of foods that we each that are good sources of proteins:
There are 20 different Amino Acids
Proteins in your body....
• Proteins get broken down into ________________ ________________ during digestion.
• Draw a picture of this process. Use the words protein and amino acids.
Carbohydrates VS Proteins
• Carbohydrates are used for energy whereProteins are used ______________________
Carbohydrates have building blocks called _____________________________, where proteins have 20 building blocks called _______________________________.
????Do you know????
Think about what you have eaten today? What are the proteins? ________________
What are the carbohydrates? ___________________________________
1. What are the building blocks of proteins? _______________________________________
2. What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?______________________________
One Very Important Protein
• ________________ regulate the rates of reactions in the cell and body.
• Enzymes are called __________________ because in general they speed up the chemical reactions.
• Enzymes are named after their ________________ they act on.
• Example: __________________ is the enzyme that acts on maltose.
4 Factors Influence Enzyme Action
• 1. How much _____________ is available.• 2. How much ______________ is available.• 3. How high or how low the
_____________________ is.• 4. How high or how low the ________ is.
• All of these factors can be visually demonstrated in graphs.
How does the amount of substrate affect the rate of enzyme action?
How does the amount of enzyme affect the rate of enzyme action?
How Temperature Affect Enzyme Action•Each enzyme has a temperature which its activity is greatest - _________________ temperature•Enzymes are usually damaged above about 45°C(100°F). They become _______________________•The damage is usually permanent.
What is pH?
• http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/measure/ph.html
How pH Affects Enzyme Action•Each enzyme has a specific pH which its activity is greatest - _________________ pH, usually ____, or at neutral•Enzymes are usually damaged in extreme acids or bases. They become _______________________•The damage is usually permanent.
Remember!• Enzymes have not been
‘___________' –
• They become de_________
• Remember they are proteins and are _____ living things
Do Now:
Using a hamburger as an example, explain how enzymes change when they are….
Frozen: ______________________________
Cooked: _____________________________www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=21969&title=Enzyme_Activity
htp://
Some enzymes function at a different optimal pH; Why?
DO Now: Label each X-Axis with one of the following: Enzyme Concentration, Substrate Concentration,
Temperature and pH.
?
Enzyme
Action
Enzyme Action
Enzyme Action
Add a title, Label the X-axisTitle: __________________
Enzyme Action
Add a title, Label the X-axis Title: __________________
Enzyme Action
Add a title, Label the X-axis Title: __________________
Enzyme Action