Notes: Second Issue

7/31/2019 Notes: Second Issue

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NOTES

Second Issue: 12.3.12


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Contents

Photogram)of)a)light)bulb))Matthew)Clifton)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))2)

The)Human)Machine)and)Contemporary)Capitalism))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))3)

Reflection))Perception))Photo))Laurie)Lewis))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))6)Petrarch:)Rime)190))Jamie)Patel)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))8)

Shakespeare))Will)Thomson)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) 9)

Why)Pauls'Boutique'deserves)to)be)considered)one)of)the)

greatest)albums)of)all)time))Tom)Dilke)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))

10)

When)Touch))James)McKnight))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) 15)

If)I)Were)Harry))Danny)Kerrigan))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))15)

Ultraism))Will)Thomson))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))16)The)Untouchable))Poppy)Damon)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))17)

Brave)New)Words))Florence)SmithNicholls)) 22)

)Six))Marc)Shalet))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) 24)

Music)for)a)film)that)doesnt)exist))Laurie)Lewis) 25)

Fragment))James)McKnight))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) 26)

Front)Cover)Design)by)Alice)Fiennes;)Back)Cover)Design))Fragmentation)by)

Will)Thomson)')

Notes'is)collected)and)arranged)by)Laurie)Lewis,)Jamie)Patel)and)Nick)

Hitchcock.))

)

If)you)wish)to)submit)work)for)the)following)issue,)the)deadline)will)be)

Friday)27th)April)for)publication)on)Monday)30th)April.)

)

[email protected]))

)

)

)

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Capitalism)has)always)subordinated)human)activity)to)machines.)In)the)last)thirty)

years,) however,) there) has) been) a) qualitative) change) in) the) nature) of) this)

relationship.)The)machine) has) increasingly) ceased) to)have) a) physical) existence)

outside) of) the) brains) and) bodies) of) the) workers) and) it) has,) instead,) become)integrated)into)the)organic)structures)of)the)working?class)itself.)The)aim)of)this)

article) is) to) analyse) the) nature) and) effects) of) this) change) and) consider) some)

means)by)which)this)condition)can)be)resisted.)This)article)engages)throughout)

with) the) work) of) the) thinkers) associated)with)post?Operaismo,) who)have) been)

active)in)developing)ideas)in)this)area.)))

Let)us)first)consider)how)Marx)conceptualised)machines.)For)Marx,)the)machine)

(or) fixed) capital,) though) in) one) sense) the) technical) means) by) which) the)

proletariat) produces) surplus) value,) is) also) the) congealment) of) the) social)knowledge)of)humanity.)Machines)do)not)spring)from)nature,)and)are)rather)the)

organs-of-the-human-brain,-created-by-the-human-hand;- the)power)of)knowledge,)

objectified)(Marx)1973:)p.)706.)In)this)way,)knowledge,)or)the)general)intellect,)

can)be)accurately)described)as)a)direct)force)of)production)when)objectified)in)a)

system) of) machinery.) The) conditions) of) social) life) therefore) come) under) the)

control)of)the)general)intellect)and)[are])transformed)in)accordance)with)it)(p.)

706.)In)a)similar)fashion,)workers)operating)technological)apparatuses)become)

appendages)to)the)machine.)In)contrast)to)the)tool,)which)the)individual)worker)

animates)through)his)or)her)own)skill,)the)machine)comes)to)possess)the)strength)and)skill)of) the)workers)and)is) itself)the)virtuoso,)with)a) soul)of) its)own)in) the)

mechanical) laws) acting) through) itThe) worker's) activity,) reduced) to) a) mere)

abstraction)of)activity,)is)determined)and)regulated)on)all)sides)by)the)movement)

of)the)machinery,)and)not)the)opposite)(p.)693.)Machines)oppose)the)workers)as)

an)alien)property,)and)subordinate)living)labour)to)objectified)labour.)))

However,)Marxs) conception) of) the)machine,) though)providing) some) important)

analytical) insights,) cannot) in) itself) explain) the) relationship) between) human)

activity)and)machines)in)the)current,)post?Fordist,)stage)of)capitalism.)Production)is)no) longer)primarily)or)exclusively)based)on)physically) identifiable)machines,)

the)locomotives,)railways,)electric)telegraphs,)self?acting)mules)etc.)which)Marx)

describes.) Instead,) knowledge,) information,) affect,) and) communication) have)

become) direct) sources) of) productive) wealth) without) becoming) physically)

congealed) and) objectified.) In) this) way,) the) human) faculty) of) thought) is) put) to)

work.) Paulo) Virnos) adaptation) of) Marxs) concept) of) the) general) intellect) is)

important)in)this)regard:)It)seems)legitimate)to)maintain)that,)according)to)the)

logic)of)economic)development,)it)is)necessary)that)a)part)of)the)general- intellect)

not)congeal)as)fixed)capital)but)unfold)in)communicative)interaction,)under)the)


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guise) of) epistemic) paradigms,)dialogical)performances,) linguistic) games) (Virno)

2004:)p.)65.)The)machines)that)now)command)live)labour)and)make)the)worker)

produce) are) not) to) be) found) in) physically) identified) objects,) and) are) instead)

located) within) the) workers) themselves.) It) is) in) this) way) that) humans) can) be)

described) as) becoming) mechanic) (Marazzi) 2011,) Pasquinelli) 2011.) Capital,)

through)the)flash)of)the)computer)screen)or)the)ring)of)the)mobile)phone,)can)at)any)moment) activate) the) machine) within) the) workers) (i.e.) their) linguistic) and)

communicative)ability.)The)human)machine,)understood)in)this)sense,)is)never)

turned)off.)

The)absorption)of)the)mechanic)into)the)working?class)themselves)necessitates)a)

fundamental)change) in) the)way) capital) interacts)with) the)organic) structures)of)

the)human)body.)In)the)Fordist)stage)of)capitalism,)which)was)characterised)by)

operative,)repetitive)and)material)labour,)the)bodies)of)workers)were)worn)out)

through) their) engagement) with) machines.) Once) the) body) was) worn) out,) the)worker) was) either) replaced) (by) a) fitter) worker) or) repaired) (through) the)accessible) health) services,) which) emerged) with) the) welfare) state.) However,)

these) mechanisms) for) the) maintenance) of) the) working?class) are) no) longer)

sufficient) for)post?Fordist)capitalism.) Instead,) in)this)stage)of)capitalism,)a)clash)

develops) between) the) abilities) of) humans) and) needs) of) capital,) leading) to) the)

rewiring,)reformatting)and)upgrading)of)human)brains)and)bodies.)The)nature)of)

labour)in)post?Fordist)capitalism,)with)the)immersion)of)the)worker)in)the)hyper?stimulating)information)flows,)reacts)back)on)the)functioning)of)the)brain.)Franco)

Bifo) Berardi) argues) that) it) has) become) increasingly) necessary) for) capital) to)inhibit) sensibility,) i.e.) the) ability) to) interpret) signs) which) are) non?verbal) and)

which) cannot) be) codified) into) binary) systems.) This) form) of) communication,)

which)deals)with)empathy)and)emotion,)is)dangerous)to)contemporary)capital)as)

it)slows)down)the)flow)of)information,)thus)undermining)the)productivity)of) the)

worker.) By) inhibiting) sensibility) the) human)machine) becomes) fully) integrated)

into) communicative?productive) systems,) resulting) in) the) smooth) and) rapid)

production)and)exchange) of) symbols,) signs) and)abstract) codes) (Berardi) 2011.)

This)new)condition)moves)far)beyond)a)change)in)what-people)think)(in)terms)of)

ideological)conditioning)and)instead)involves)a)change)in)how)people)think.)

How) can) the) condition) described) above) be) resisted) Guy) Debord) observed) in)

1957) that) the)passions)have)been)sufficiently) interpreted;) the) point) now) is) to)

discover)new)ones)(Debord)2006:)p.)43.)The)hitherto)existing)passions)have)not)

simply)been)interpreted,)however,)but)also)denied.)The)insertion)of)the)machine)

into) the) organic) structures) of) humanity) must) therefore) be) resisted) on) an)

emotional) level,) with) innovative) passions) being) collectively) cultivated.)

Experimental) forms) of) behaviour) and) intense) sensation) become) ways) of)

disrupting)the)productive?communicative)systems)of)capitalism.)In)this)sense,)an)


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outburst)of)emotion)represents)the)post?Fordist)form)of)sabotage,)the)wooden)

shoe) of) the) new) bionic) working?class.) Although) this) is) a) project) that) could)

conceivably)be)attempted)in)the)virtual)sphere,)it)is)clear)that)a)collective)element)

in) the) corporeal) sense) is) fundamental.) The) physical) appropriation) of) space) by)

real)existing)human)beings)provides)the)basis)for)the)development)of)precisely)

those)forms)of)behaviours)and)types)of)feeling)that)capital)attempts)to)suppress)(such)as)sensibility.)Establishing)collective)ambiences)conducive)to)the)cathartic)

and)emotional)expulsion)of)the)machine)from)the)body)is)therefore)an)important)

aspect)of)resistance)to)contemporary)capitalism.))

)

!

)

Berardi,)Franco)Bifo,-After-the-Future-(Edinburgh,)2011) Debord,)Guy,)Report)on)the)Construction)of)Situations)in)Ken)Knabb)(ed.)

Situationist-International-Anthology))(Berkeley,)2006)

Marazzi,)Christian,)Capital-and-Affects,-The-Politics-of-the-Language-Economy)

(Los)Angeles,)2011)

Marx,)Karl,)Grundrisse-(London,)1973)

Pasquinelli,)Matteo,)Machinic)Capitalism)and)Network)Surplus)Value:)Notes)on)the)Political)Economy)of)the)Turing)Machine,)

http://matteopasquinelli.com/docs/Pasquinelli_Machinic_Capitalism.pdf)

(2011)

Virno,)Paulo,)A-Grammar-of-the-Multitude-(Los)Angeles,)2004)


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Reflection-Perception-Photo)

Reflection-Perception-Photo (Reflection-One World Trade Centre), (August 2011) Laurie Lewis

Above is a reproduction of a photo that I took last August whilst in Manhattan. As I was crossinga street Down Town (walking North, the photo was taken looking West) I was struck by thereflection in a puddle ofOne World Trade Centre. The building was (and still is) in construction;at the time it was roughly half-way in relation to its eventual height. My initial interest in theimage originated out of the fact that it was one I was certain never to see again. This was not apermanent image I could return to; it was one that was dependant, both on the puddle beingsituated in its precise position in that specific moment, and the stage of construction progressthat the building was in at the time (as well as my own orientation in the street). My interest was

significantly increased by the fact that I was in the action of walking from pavement topavement. The image was registered just quickly enough for me to have time to capture it withmy camera before I was interrupted by the changing of the traffic lights. The transience of boththe event of capturing the image and the reflected image itself only increased my admiration forthe photograph I was left with. I became significantly interested in the layers of perceptionthrough which I was viewing the original building. Originally I had looked up at One World TradeCentre, and then had noticed it being reflected in the puddle, then through the lens of thecamera and finally in the photograph. So from the original building we have: its reflection, itsperception, and thenthe process of capturing in the form of its photo. My intention in this brief

essay is to examine how these layers of perception reinforce the original image and how,


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contrary to Plato, the reproduction can only have a positive impact on our understanding of theworld.

The art of Representation is therefore a long way removed from the truth, and it is able toreproduce everything because it has little grasp of anything, and that little is of a merephenomenal appearance. Plato, The Republic(Book X 598b)

The deceptive nature of representation that Plato so greatly attacked in The Republicevidentlyhas little relevance to our understanding and acceptance of photography. It is incredibly unlikelythat anyone would dismiss it as an art form on the basis that the eye is deceived into believingwhat it sees in a photograph is the truth. Purely as a process, in other words, without anyartistic intention being behind the photographic act of capturing, the lens aims to hold what theeye cannot. However, it is obvious that the photograph itself has no more reality inherent withinit other than its identity as a photograph, nor does it attempt to. It provides us with a view of theworld that is autonomous from our own; a mechanical perception. Our understanding of the

reality we perceive through our eyes is presented with another layer. This is the layer ofknowledge about the world that we do not see; Walter Benjamin termed this the OpticalUnconscious. I am interested in this level of understanding provided by the photograph thatseems to confront our own perception. In specific relation to my photograph above, thisunderstanding is then tampered with and manipulated with the knowledge that this layer ofperception is the third in a chain.

Evidently there are many different ways of using the camera and to fulfil a vast amount ofintentions. In this instance, I used it to capture a fragment of the world that would otherwise

have been confined to a memory. The reflection of this fragment offered a reality that conflictedwith my own perception ofOne World Trade Centre. This conflict was not based on the idea oftruth but rather on familiarity, this much is obvious. The representation seen in the puddle wasjust as much a part of the truth as the building itself, but in a different way. (It is important tonote that Plato would have argued that the building was not reality either; a mere reflection.However, I do not accept this and so in this essay am following my belief that the building is thereality perceived by the eye). The reflection offered me a way of looking at the building thatcorresponded to my own perception on the basis that it was the inversion of what I was seeing.My perception was altered and reinforced by the reflection. By seeing the building in a different

context (presented to me through a different layer of perception) I was able to appreciate andunderstand the reality taken in through my eyes all the more. Representation, as reflection inthis instance, is far from being removed from the truth at all.

The layer of perception provided by the photograph is more interesting to me. No matter howmuch the eye wants to capture what it sees by using the lens, there will always be an aspectthat can never be perceived by the eye alone. The lens is somewhat autonomous in thisrespect; the fragment of the world it reproduces will always provide something different thanthat of the eye. This layer of perception is often unconscious to us in that we are often certainthat the image produced by the lens and the image held by the eye directly correspond.


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However, this can never fully be the case. This introduces an interesting implication whendiscussing the layers of perception in Reflection - One World Trade Centre. The lens providesan aspect of reality that I was unaware of at the time but was subsequently able to understand.The details of the scaffolding, the surface of the water, the shape of the puddle, the preciseinversion of the building, all these things were overlooked by my own perception. The timescale from spotting the reflection, understanding it and capturing it was so minute that all thesedetails of reality were not registered. Even if I had stopped to study the reflection, aspects of itwould have been missed. The photograph provides a layer of perception which heightens ourunderstanding further and offers another interpretation of reality and thus the truth. It is a formof representation that can only increase our understanding of reality as we perceive it.

Laurie Lewis

Petrarch: Rime 190

She appeared to me, a dazzling white doe; onewith two golden horns and upon an emerald glade,between two streams, silked in laurel shade,

under an acetic season's rising sun.

Such sweetness and pride glazed the visionthat so I might follow her I strayedfrom every task, like the miser who sedateshis strain with thoughts of fortune.

None shall touchhung around her lovely neck,

written clear in diamond and topaz.Making me free was my Caesar's intention.

And now the sun shot its midday flecks,and with worn eyes, unsated eyesI fell into the water, and she was gone.

By Jamie Patel


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Why"Pauls"Boutique"deserves"to"be"considered"one"of"the"greatest"

albums"of"all"time."

Im"the"sort"of"music"nerd"epitomised"in"Nick"Hornbys"High"FidelityM"the"sort"who"

whenever"listening"to"a"new"album"has"to"think"of"its"place"in"the"annals"of"popular"

music" and" determine" whether" it" is"worthy" of" induction" into" a" higher" champions"

league"of"great"albums."Since"a"somewhat"obsessive"adolescent,"I"have"championed"

Velvet" Underground" and" Nicos" debut," Bob" Dylans" Highway" 61" Revisited" and"

Televisions"arquee"oon"as"candidates"for"the"greatest"album"everM"all"three"are"

incidentally"guitarMbased,"New"YorkMoriented"and"more"than"30"years"old."However,"I"

can"say"with"certainty,"after"a"year"of"obsessive"listening,"that"all"three"are"surpassed"

by"a"more"recent"album"and"by"the"most"unlikely"candidates"possibleM"the"obnoxious"

oldMschool" noveltyMrappers," the" Beastie" Boys." As" a" history" student," I" will" try" and"

qualify"this"seemingly"batshitMcrazy"opinion"by"comparing"the"qualities"of"the"former"three"albums"with"1989s" Pauls"Boutique" and" arguing"my"case"with"an"irritating"

degree"of"seriousness"and"complexity."Hopefully"it"will"make"sense"

As" someone" who" makes" laughably" amateur" compositions" on" Garageband," I" am"

acutely"aware"of"the"difficulty"of"using"samples."Firstly"you"have"to"employ"them"in"a"

way"that"respects"their"originM"for"example,"not"making"the"most"distinctive"elements"

of"the"original"composition"the"focus"of"the"new"composition"(for"abuses"see"Kanye"

West,"IceMT,"Black"Eyed"Peas"etc.)."Too"often"than"not,"especially"in"80s"and"early"90s"

era"hip"hop," finding"the"original"sample"of"a" piece"of"music"can"completely"deflate"the"power"of"its"later"usage,"because"of"the"degree"to"which"it"is"has"been"borrowedM

from."For"example,"most"people"simply"lose"interest"or"respect"for"Ice"Cubes"It"was"

a" Good" DayM" a" fun" but" comically" selfMindulgent" songM" as" soon" as" they" hear" the"

completely" untamperedMwith" sample" from" the" Isley" Brotherss" Footsteps" in" the"

Dark."The"same"can"be"said"for"Eric"B"and"Rakims"I"Aint"no"Joke"after"listening"to"

Fred"Wesley"and"the"JBss"Pass"the"Peas"or"Geto"Boys"ind"Playing"Tricks"on"me"

after" Isaac"Hayess" Hung"up"on"my"Baby." Even" though" all" of" these"are" relatively"

obscure" songs"to"modern" listeners," as"soon"as"the" originals" are"discovered," the"DJ"

comes"across"as"arrogant"and"talentless"for"stealing"the"focus"of"his"composition"and"

thinking" he" could" get" away" with" presenting" it" as" an" example" of" his" own"musical"

ability."

On" the" other" hand," much" of" the" hip" hop" that" was" comingMout" in" 1989M" perhaps"

omitting"De"La"Souls"classic"Three"Feet"High"and"Rising"or"Public"Enemys"It"Takes"

a"illionM"suffered"from"a"different"problem."Sure,"DJs"would"use"bits"of"an"earlier"

composition"that"didnt"ultimately"constitute"plagiarism,"such"as,"say,"James"Browns"

signature"screech"in"(Call"e)"Super"Bad"or"the"drum"break"from"Apache"by"the"


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Incredible"Bongo"Band."But"these"started"to"get"so"overMused"that"much"of"the"nonM

rapping"element"of"hip"hopM"arguably"the"most"progressive"elementM"became"tired"

and" predictable." With" Pauls" Boutique" came" a" breath" of" fresh" air." The" Dust"

Brothers,"better"known"for"masterminding"the"music"on"Becks"Odelay,"the"Fight"

Club"soundtrack"and,"to"their"eternal"embarrassment,"producing"Hansons"mm"

bop,"were"the"heroes"who"revolutionised"the"genre.""

At"this"point"in"time,"the"Beastie"Boys"were"a"novelty"in"hipMhop."First"and"foremost,"

they"were"not"black"guys"from"Compton"or"the"South"Bronx,"but"middleMclass"Jewish"

kids"from"Brooklyn."And"by"Brooklyn,"I"dont"mean"the"rough"streets"of"BedMStuy"or"

Brownsville" that" later" sired"Notorious"B.I.G."and"Ol"Dirty" Bastard" respectively,"but"

the"upperMmiddle" class" suburban" neighbourhood"of"idwood."Although" this"alone"

meant"that"they"couldnt" be"taken" seriously" in"a" genre"dominated"by"the"topics"of"

poverty," crime" and" race," they" further" alienated" themselves" by" apparently" selling"

outM"their"1986"debut"Licensed"to"Ill"shifted"4"million"units."Equally,"having"grownMup"playing"hardMcore" punk," the" Beasties" hip" hop" tended" to"be" infused"with"heavy"

guitar" samples"and" shouty" vocals," to"such"a"degree" that"many"people" didnt" really"

regard"it"as"proper"hip"hop"at"all."Adding"to"their"troubles,"they"were"also"seen"as"

having"trivialised"rap"and"emphasised"its"more"negative"aspects"by"touring"America"

with"caged"dancers"and"a"giant"inflatable"penis"as"stage"props"and"getting"vilified"by"

the" British" press." The" three" rappers," Adam" Yauch," Adam" Horowitz" and" ike"

Diamond," thus"moved" from" New"York" to" LA" and" switched" labels" from" Def" Jam" to"

Capitol," fleeing" the" clutch" of" producer" Rick" RubinM" the" yetiMlike" figure" who" later"

produced" much" of" the" Red" Hot" Chili" Peppers" output," as" well" as" Johnny" Cashs"

American" recordings"and"had"pocketed"most"of"the" profits"and" credit" from" their"

debut."""

With" Pauls" Boutique," the" three"Cs" sought" a" new" approach" to" hipMhop" in" the"

hands" of" the" Dust" Brothers" and" their"mentor," the" reclusive" patriarch" of" Delicious"

Vinyl" and" legendary" LA" DJ," att" Dike." Instead" of" tired" old" James" Brown/eters"

samples" reMhashed" and" reMused," the" producers" more" cleverly" patched" together"

numerous" instantlyMrecognisable" samples" in" such" a"way"that"they" corresponded"to"samples" from" completely" antithetical" genres" and"were" often"cleverly"blended" into"

the" Cs" verses." For" example," in" Egg" an," the" classic" bass" line" from" Curtis"

ayfields"Superfly"is"the"main"focus"of"the"piece,"but"they"mix"it"together"at"times"

with"a"similar"bass"line"from"Tower"of"Powers"Drop"it"in"the"slot"in"an"intelligent"

example"of"musical"matchMmaking."The"song"then"climaxes"with"a"hilarious"mashMup"

of"the"Jaws"theme"and"Bernard"Herrmanns"theme"from"Psycho,"which"tiesMinto"

the"mock"bravado"of"a"song"about"driveMby"eggings"plaguing"L.A.."In"Johnny"Ryall,"

one"of"the"Css"verses"is"finished"by"sampling"the"famous"tagline"from"Jean"Knights"

r,"Big"Stuff."In"another"example,"High"Plains"DrifterM"a"slow,"drawnMout"lyricallyM


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dominated"songM"the"narration"concludes"with"a"sample"from"the"Ramoness"Suzy"is"

a"HeadbangerM"something"which"ordinarily"wouldnt"make"sense,"given"the"contrast"

of"styles,"but"somehow"works"with"incredible"sharpness."The"following"song,"Sound"

of"Science"then"continues"with"the"assumed"Beatles"reference"in" the"previous"title"

(Egg" an" =" I" am" the" Walrus," anyone?)," by" slowingMdown" and" completely"

deconstructing"the"main"horn"riff"from"When"Im"64"and"then"transforming"it"into"another,"albeit"more"obscure,"Fab"Four"track,"The"End.""

The"sampling"is"so"insanely"advanced"compared"to"its"contemporaries"that"at"times"

the"Dust"Brothers"almost"seem"to"be"mocking"the"ineptitude"of"their"competitors."At"

the"end"of"Shadrach,"for"example,"you"hear"a"two"second"sample"of"that"hip"hop"

clich,"the"breakMbeat"from"James"Browns"The"Funky"Drummer,"until"it"abruptly"

transforms" into" a" sample" of" an" elderly" man" reading" what" appears" to" be" the"

telephone"advert"for"the"mens"clothing"shop"of"the"title.""

There"are"loads"of"other"revelatory"moments"on"the"album."On"Five"Piece"Chicken"

Dinner," the" album" briefly" diverts" course" and" goes" into" manic" hillbilly" banjo" and"

screaming" for" 23" seconds," then" suddenly" changes" again" to" the" sludge" bassM

dominated"badassery"of"Looking"Down"the"Barrel"of"a"Gun.""On"the"concluding"BM

Boy"BouillabaisseM"a"9"part"hip"hopera"(without"the"R"Kelly"connotations),"there"are"

too"many"notable"moments"to"count."Theres"a"bit"where"the"Cs"stop"singing"and"

the" song" is" punctuated" by" a" poor" quality" sample" of" a" Rasta" (presumably" from" a"

reggae" record)"and"then"suddenly"reverts"to"a"completely"new" section"of"the"song"

accompanied"by"a"slowedMdown"early"Kool"and"the"Gang"sample."Theres"a"moment"

where" the" sleazy" guitar" riff" from" Isley" Brotherss" That" Lady" is" completely" reM

contextualised"and" spedMup" to" speed" rap" lyrics;" and" the" piece"concludes," after"12"

mins," with" a" triumphantly" bassMheavy" sample" from" a" Beasties" gig" in" Amsterdam,"

which" pettersMout" into" goMgo" muzac" before" abruptly" merging" into" the" same" Idris"

uhammadMbacked" monologue" about" the" ladies" of" the" world" that" begins" the"

album."Its"pure"fucking"genius!"The"conceptual"unity"of"the"album"puts"it"ahead"of"

more" sloppy" affairs" like" the" Velvet" Underground" and" Nico," in" which" each" track"

individually" is"utterly" fantastic,"but" the" album"doesnt" tie" together" in"any" cohesive"way"(notice"how"disparate"Ill"be"Your"irror"and"Black"Angel"Death"Song"are)."""

Equally,"the"weaker"tracks"on"either"arquee"oon"or"Velvet"Underground"and"

Nico,"such"as"Run"Run"Run"dont"have"as"much"vacuum"packed"into"them"as"the"

noticeable"weaker"points"of"Pauls"Boutique,"like"Johnny"Ryall."Sure,"the"track"has"

an"awkwardly" integrated"guitar"riff"as"its"focus,"but" it"also"manages"to"fit"in"both"a"

Pink" Floyd" and" a"Donny"Hathaway" sample" that" I" simply" didnt" notice" until" the" 5th"

listen."Equally,"lyrically,"the"Cs"manage"to"fit"in"coded"references"to"both"Dylans"


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aggies"Farm"as"well"as"the"Trashmens"Surfin"BirdM"these"sorts"of"surprises"are"

what"make"great"albums.""

The"Beasties"themselves"also"contribute"greatly"to"the"richness"of"this"album."It"is"fair"

to"say"that"the"actual"composition"of"the"rapping,"in"terms"of"the"interplay"between"

the"Cs," is" quite" conventional." It" follows" the" usual" Run" DC" pattern" of" callMand"response,"which"tends"to"go:"

"

Rapper"One:"Blah!"

Rapper"Two:"Blah"Blah!"

Rapper"Three:"BlahMBlah"BlahMBlah"

All"Together:"BLAH!"

"

But"the"actual"lyrical"content"is" remarkably"dense"and"hilarious."The"whole"album"is"

patterned"with"obscure"references"to"J.D."Salinger,"Sadaharu"Oh,"Fred"Flintstone"and"

Johnny"Cash"among"others."They"even"manage"a"double"reference"on"Shadrach,"in"

which"they"reMiterate"the"lyrical"hook"of"the"Sly"and"the"Family"Stone"original,"which"

contains"the"refrain"Shadrach,"eschach,"Abadnego"and"incorporate"it"into"a"rap"

that"compares" the" interaction"of" the"3"Cs"with"that"of"the"three"characters" from"

the"Hebrew"Book"of"David.""True,"a"lot"of"the"time"the"lyrics"are"nonsense,"such"as,"

Ive" got" money," like" Charles" Dickens" (was" the" lateMVictorian" writer" and" famed"

defender"of"the"urban"poor"particularly"ostentatious"with"his"wealth?)."But"can"you"

fault"a"trio"who"managed"to"comeMup"with"a"line"so"crudely"hilarious"as"Homeboy,"

throw" in" the" towel," your" girl" got" dicked" by" Ricky" Powell?" For" those" of" you" who"

criticise" the" Beastie"Boys" for" lightMhearted" sexism," I"might" remind" you" that" one" of"

them"is"married"to"Kathleen"HannaM"the"militant"thirdMwave"feminist"and"Bikini"Kill"frontMwoman"and,"in"case"you"havent"already"realised,"there"is"an"undercurrent"of"

ironic" humour" throughout" the" album." Indeed," the" video" for" the" albums" principle"

single"Hey"Ladies"was"simply"an"extended"parody"of"Seventies"disco,"kung"fu"and"

kitsch"culture,"while"simultaneously"acknowledging"that"the"song"was"based"around"a"

deeply"Seventies"Commodores"sample.""

Equally," the" hip" hop" slang" and" referencesM" something" which" was" then" and" still" is"

associated"with"AfricanMAmericansM"never"really"feels"affected"on"the"album,"the"way"

it"does"with"less"convincing"white"rappers"(ahem,"Vanilla"Ice,"Snow"etc.)."A"lot"of"the"


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lyrics" are" punctuated" by" hipMhop" slang," but" its" all" pretty" new" and" specific" to" the"

Beastie"Boys."The"phrase"Shake"your"Rump"is"a"good"example,"as"is"the"nonsensical"

but" undeniably" cool" checkthe" cool"WAX!" at" the" end" of" Johnny" RyallM" slang"

which" feels" unaffected" because" it" exists" exclusively" in" the" Beastie" Boys" lyrical"

universe."""

Lyrical"complexity"aside,"what"makes"this"album"enjoyable"is"its"consistently"fun"vibe."

Every"element"of"it"seems"so"enjoyably"devoid"of"restraint"or"taste,"with"one"of"the"

Beasties"rhyming"cellular"with"the"hell"you"were"at"one"point"(a"rhyme"that"can"

only"be"matched"in"ballsiness"by"Leonard"Cohens"Hallelujah"do"ya)."Equally"there"

is"an"awesome"moment"in"Sound"of"Science"when"a"lyric"about"their"penchant"for"

getting"high"is"hinted"at"by"a"supplemented"reggae"sample"saying"I"do"not"snort"the"

coke,"I"only"smoke"the"sensimila."The"album"is"virtually"a"celebration"of"music"itself,"

with"every"disparate"element"of"pop"culture"celebrated"or"respectfully"parodied.""

In"terms"of"longevity,"Pauls"Boutique"is"both"a"remarkable"anomaly"and"a"record"of"

enormous"influence"in"its"own"way."True,"the"composition"of"the"album"might"seem"

too" distinctive" to"have" had" a" significant" influence" on"any" later" record," other" than"

Odelay"by"Beck,"which"was"produced"by"the"same"people."However,"if"you"look"at"

some"of"the"more"intricate"details"of"the"record,"you"realise"that"its"influence"extends"

considerably"beyond"this."For"example,"many"of"the"more" idiosyncratic"elements"of"

the" albums" production" have"been" replicated" elsewhere." The" idea" of"using" a" pingM"

pong" sample" as" a" basis" for" a" beat" in" 3Minute" Rule" was" later" copied" in" Flying"

Lotuss"Table"Tennis"and"Drop"it"like"its"hot"by"Snoop"Dogg."The"sample"of"The"

Crusaders"Wells"Gone"Dry"in"BMBoy"Bouillabaisse"was"later"reMused"by"Chemical"

Brothers"in"BlockMRockin"Beats"as"can"an"earlier"form"of"the"eponymous"line"from"

Busta"Rhymess"Woo"Hah"(Got"Them"all"in"Check)"in"Shake"Your"Rump."Equally,"

the"density"of"the"sampling,"which"in"1989"seemed"almost"gaudy,"cleared"the"way"for"

later" sampleMheavy" hipMhop." In" fact," adlib," DJ" Shadow" and" the" Avalanches" all"

reference"this"record"as"a"major"inspiration.""

However," the" principle" way" in" which" Pauls" Boutique" is" an" important" and" even"

unique"album"is" the" fact" that" it"simply" isnt"possible"to" reproduce" in"todays"music"

industry." This" is" firstly" because" of" its" density" and" the" prominent" use" of"outMdated"

sampling" equipment." But" mainly" because," given" that" the" album" uses" over" 100"

samples"from"such"successful"(and"litigious)"artists"as"The"Eagles,"The"Beatles"and"Led"

Zeppelin,"it"would"cost"millions"of"dollars"in"clearance"fees"in"order"to"avoid"potential"

intellectual" copyright" theft." Few" record" companies" are" willing" to" finance" this,"

especially" given" the" albums" initial" commercial" failure," and" given" the" alternative"

practised" at" Dr" Dres" Death" Row" Records" in" which" session" musicians" intricately"

replicate" the" various" wouldMbe" samples." The" Beasties" bypassed" this" obstacle" to"


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creative" freedom" by" preMdating" its" entrance" into" law;" copyright" law" in" relation" to"

sampling"only"became"prominent"following"the"famous"court"case"in"1989"over"Biz"

arkies"use"of"a"Gilbert"and"Sullivan"record.""

Aside"from"this,"its"worth"pointing"out"that"numerous"other"characters"more"unlikely"

than"myself"have"championed"this"album"as"one"of"the"greats."The"late"iles"Davis"commented"that"he"never"tired"of"listening"to"it."Public"Enemys"Chuck"D,"one"of"the"

more"raciallyMconscious"rappers"of"the"time,"confessed"that"the"dirty"secret"among"

the" black"hipMhop" community" of" the" time"was" that" Pauls" Boutique"had" the" best"

beats." Furthermore," Robert" Christgau," the" famously" snobbish"Village" Voice"music"

critic," who" has" been" snubbed" in" lyrical" form" by" both" Lou" Reed" and" Sonic" Youth,"

equally"professes"his"love"of"the"album.""

Ultimately," if" you" like" albums" which" require" repeated" listens" to" unravel" and"

understand" you" should" immediately"go"out" and" by"this" record" (or" download" it"via"iTunes,"either"way"is"fine"with"me)."Furthermore,"if"you"want"one"piece"of"evidence"

with"which" to"defend" the"argument"that"hipMhop" is"not" the"preserve"of"narcissistic"

criminals" who" can" only" express" themselves" via" swearing" or" people" not" talented"

enough"to"succeed"with"conventional"musical"instruments,"this"record"is"a"very"useful"

weapon."""

By#Tom#Dilke##

" "

When Touch

Sea & Skythe spice muddled clothunbroke their unbirth;striped the firstdawn.

Husk my coatlet fall like a ragein show of shoulders;brailled osseouspage.

Unknow memy bodys uncomelymachine; forgetting

by learning


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the get of thisseam.

Dawn my handsworked ugly wires,worn morning mine;lap red Sea withSky.

By James McKnight

If I Were Harry

Dear FA,

I am honoured that you have selected me as your first-choice for the vacantEngland manager position. I am a patriotic Londoner, and I get excited as anycoming up to major international tournaments. Watching Jamie wearing theThree Lions always filled me with pride and I love to see my nephew Frank inthe famous white shirt. Sandra, my wife, would also love for me to manageEngland. She thinks that the diminished day-to-day responsibilities associatedwith international management will benefit my health (Im sure you are up-to-date with my well-documented heart problems). However, I have some serious

reservations about taking the job.

Throughout my career I have managed mediocre teams beyond expectations,earning my wheeler-dealer nickname with shrewd use of little money. Theaccounts were always tight at West Ham and Portsmouth and I brought in a lotof players no-one had ever heard of before. Well they have now! But I alwaysfelt it was my man-management skills that ensured my success, and that Icould replicate this at a bigger club. Since arriving at Tottenham, I secured a4th place finish in 2010 and led the team to a Champions League quarter final

in 2011. However, the demands of this competition affected our League form,with 5th place last season meaning we didnt qualify for the 11/12 ChampionsLeague. This season we have looked serious title contenders in patches, andlook certain to finish no lower than 3rd. Going forward, the club will have thesquad to challenge seriously in both the Champions League and PremierLeague. It would pain me massively not to be in charge.

Furthermore, I am unlikely to get the chance to manage at the pinnacle of theclub game again if I accept the job. Even if I were to leave the post after the

2014 World Cup, voluntarily or otherwise, I would be 67, and it would be very


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hard to convince Sandra to let me venture back into club management.However, assuming I could persuade her, the prospects outgoing Englandmanagers face are meagre according to recent history. If I list Graham Taylor,Terry Venables, Glenn Hoddle, Howard Wilkinson, Kevin Keegan, PeterTaylor, Sven-Goran Eriksson and Steve McLaren my point makes itself. Evenremoving Wilkinson and Peter Taylor, who were caretaker managers, thesolitary Eredivisie title won by McLaren is the only achievement of note addedto any of the last 6 England managers CVs after managing the national team.In fact, the Wally with the Brolly is also the only one of those 6 who is still inmanagement at all.

Finally, even if the aforementioned reservations could be placated, we haveirreconcilable differences regarding the system of payment for wages. Yourpolicy of only transferring to onshore bank accounts is both outdated andunnecessarily nationalistic. Therefore, I have no alternative but to reject youroffer.

Regards

Phil Smith on behalf of Harry Redknapp

By Danny Kerrigan


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The Untouchable

Unthinkable

There are many things that Ive been told are unthinkable. Murder. Violence. Rape (Im

not entirely sure what rape is but the news makes it sound dreadful). But obviously they

are thinkable because people think them. Then do them. So.

On the news the other day I watched an item that described a man whod kept his

daughter in his basement for fifteen years. Theyd had kids (the dad and daughter). Those

kids had never seen daylight. The reporter called it an unthinkable act. But I couldnt

help thinking that that just didnt make any sense. Maybe the man didnt think about it

when he drugged her. Maybe it didnt cross his mind that it was wrong when he put up

wall paper in the annex where he kept her. Or when he put food through the trap door

for their dinner. Every night. For 15 years. Maybe what the reporter meant was he

couldnt have thought about it, and have done it. Maybe he put it in a different box in his

head. Like when people are absent minded. Like when Im talking and I take apart

whatever Im holding; pens, phones, figurines. Maybe its like that. So thats how the

unthinkable act happened, and we on our sofas have to think about it instead. We think

about it a lot if youre like me. Dr. Phistine says Im easily affected. But I dont think a

man imprisoning his daughter for fifteen years is me being easily affected, I just think

about how bad it is. How Im glad Im not her.

Untouchable.

When I was real little, I used to play a game called Untouchable. It was a bit like Tag

except if you got touched you had to act out a really dramatic death that was really gory.

You stayed dead until the cure man (usually me) came and heeled you. Like Jesus I guess.

Although I didnt believe in him then and I dont believe in him now. So.

In India there was a cast system. There still is one kinda today. Some people are real high

up like a celebrity and theyre the best you can be. Then there are a few mid- range likedoctors, then teachers then builders. Then there are The Untouchables that no one

notices, or looks at or smells or speaks to or tastes. Theyre nothing. If you believe that if

a tree falls in a forest and no one hears it, it doesnt make a sound. Thats philosophy

though and Im not really sure if it isnt just making out how important humans are. Mum

used to say it was self-indulgent. That people should just get on with life.

When I found all that out about India I used to have dreams where Mum was there. Id

scream. Not in fright. Id scream so she could hear me. Id scream as loud as I could. And


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jump up and down, and rub fish on me and put nettles on my hands. But she wouldnt

notice me. It was like she was in a bottle, or underwater or on TV and she couldnt hear

me. Itd be like that I guess, if you were an Untouchable in India.

But then I got to thinking. There would be other Untouchables who could touch you. I

even asked Dr. Phistine and he said I was very perceptive. I thought I was just pointingout the obvious. But it made me think it was stupid to call them Untouchable when they

could hug, kiss and smell and taste and stare at each other at least. Itd be like being on

the outside with friends. All looking at Mum. She was the true Untouchable then.

Dysfunctional

My pen is unfuntional,

Dysfunctional,

Huh?You said: my pen is unfunctional, you meant to say dysfunctional, you used the wrong

prefix,

I did what?

Never mind.

A dysfunctional family is one that doesnt work. Most of the time people mean

unconventional, rarely do they mean dysfunctional. Where the family sit or sleep all day,

where its an empty house or no house because they stop paying bills, or going to work,and everyones just beings, even the Grand-pop and the kids and the mum and dad. All

of them as individuals dont function. Until they die.

If there are problems or youre just not nuclear thats different. Real different.

Dysfunctional family is the kind of thing they put on ads for sitcoms.

Watch everybodys favourite dysfunctional family next Monday, in All Under the Same

Roof! Right here on SBS.

Their biggest problem is the dad doesnt like the mother in law and the mum isnt a good

cook.

But they function. They do it with big smiles.

Im unfunctional,

What do you mean?


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I dont sleep, I dont eat, I dont- ,

You do. Youre just sad while you do them.

Thats when I saw the difference.

UnspeakableHere are all the things that I think but dont say:

1. Im scared Ill be like you2. I dont want anyone to touch me and everyone to touch me all at the same time.3. Please stop looking at me like that. Im fine.

Heres what I always say:

I have a tooth ache.

Dr. Phistine says its to deflect.

Why dont you go to school?

I have a toothache.

Youre deflecting

Sorry.

What do you think of your Mum?

She had a tooth ache?

Youre doing it again.

What?

Deflecting.

Huh?

Sigh. Raises eyebrows. Clicks pen. Writes something. Sometimes I imagine what he writes

down.

Deflects. Cant use prefixes correctly. Easily affected by current affairs. Perceptive.

When I got home I switched on the news man.


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The girl was discovered because of a neighbour invited to the house by Mr. Fritzle for a

drink. Mr. Hurtz said that he didnt notice anything wrong at all, until he noticed a crack

in one of the walls. When he peered closer, he saw a glimpse of the imprisoned family.

That chance sighting lead to the rescue of Fritzles daughter who is now 30 years old.

What makes some things unthinkable and some unspeakable? When can I think I wantto marry you and when can I say it? When can I not think I hate you? When can I not

speak it? When can I yell so loud my lungs sag because Ive used up all the air yelling I

hate you?

How do people know whats an unthinkable act and something just really, really bad?

In India they have psychics read your star sign when youre born and decide where you

are in the cast. Your parents pray youre not an Untouchable.

(Unless their untouchable I guess. Or maybe theyd want a better life for their kids than

what they had. Unless they liked being Untouchable because it was like when I wear my

sunnies and Im invisible. But I guess no one would want to be like that all the time.)

Imagine that much power if you were a psychic in India. Imagine if you just didnt go to

the meeting, and you didnt know if you were a celebrity or an Untouchable. Imagine if

you were one thing and your parents another and you lived together but had to beseparate. Thatd be almost dysfunctional if they couldnt take care of you. Thats what

parents are supposed to do.

Unthinkable

Last week I switched on the news. Last week I ate. I slept. I just did them all sadly.

Then, today, I did the unthinkable. I went to school. It wasnt so bad I guess. But we

treat some people as Untouchables and some like celebrities. Im not sure how we decide

though because as far as I know none of us are psychics.

I keep lists now. Unspeakable. Unthinkable. Untouchable. Dysfunctional.

Unconventional. I also keep a To- do- list. On the top of the list is smile next live

then un-smile, sleep. Ive written it over and over. My familys functional, were just

unconventional because we function sadly. Like were all in separate casts and sometimes

I want to rub fish on me and put nettles on my hands and say I hate you! until my lungs

sag. But instead I watch the news.


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At least Im not in a cellar. At least Dad didnt forget to think dont imprison my

daughter. He can forget other things, like Mum. Just never think the unthinkable. Say the

unspeakable. Touch the Untouchables or be dysfunctional. These are the rules. Weve

followed them for centuries and theyve worked pretty well so far, right? So.

Gandhi didnt like the cast system, he thought it was dysfunctional. I did a project on himlast week. He was wrong. It functioned. It functioned for ages. It was just bad for the

Untouchables. It worked. It looked good to some, but inside it had cracks.

It was just chance that someone saw them.

Smile. Live. Unsmile. Sleep.

By Poppy Damon

Brave New Words

Twas brillig, and the slithy toves

Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:

All mimsy were the borogoves,

And the mome raths outgrabe.

(Jabberwocky, Lewis Carroll, 1872)

Weve all experienced a lingering moment of doubt at not being

able to remember a particular word, but probably far fewer of us

have discovered that no adequate term exists for the concept

were attempting to express. The English language is constantly

evolving-the Second Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary

contains full entries for 171,476 words, not including 47,156

obsolete counterparts. New words are being coined constantly;incidentally its no surprise that the term Neologism was

created from the French nologisme in 1772 to describe such

lexical novelties.

Crowned the king of neogolistic poems, Lewis Carroll is

renowned for his nonsense verse, in particular Jabberwocky,

which constitutes a fitting opening to this piece. Neologisms

can often be attributed to a certain historical period, or even

an individual, such as Carroll. Though the lexicon of

Jabberwocky was likely intended to be inexplicable to the


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reader, reflecting the surreal dreamscape Alice was exploring in

Through the Looking Glass (the novel in which the full poem

appears) inevitably numerous translations of certain words have

been speculated upon and some have even entered common parlance.

My personal favourite is the word: mimsy-a combination of the

words miserable and flimsy. If youve ever made someone

chortle then you should give Carroll some credit, as the wordwas first seen in the aforementioned verse.

It seems Shakespeare is eternally la mode, which perhaps isnt

surprising since he probably invented the word fashionable.

The Bard is surely the most famous man associated with

Neolexia. Phrases such as eaten out of house and home and in

my heart of hearts are first attested in his plays, though of

course it could just be the case that these embody the first

historical references to common sayings at the time. Indeed, the

creation of new terms is perhaps indicative of contemporary

social and cultural developments. The Neologism McJob possibly

betrays more than a little the economic climate and occupational

stereotypes of the late 1980s when the term was conceived in the

pages of Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture by

Douglas Coupland.

Countless lines have been written about, and on, the internet,

concerning its effect on rapid cultural diffusion and

international communication. Its entirely appropriate that

Richard Dawkins lexical creation meme, a cultural gene,

should have been adopted so enthusiastically by the virtualworld. Furthermore, the myriad vocabulary of the man on the

street is chronicled by the infamous Urban Dictionary, where

youll probably discover more words than sense.

Brave New Words comprise a subtle phenomenon often overlooked.

Though they may most commonly manifest themselves in playground

chatter and on the bizarre fringes of the internet, neologisms

comprise an often illuminating facet of our accelerated

culture. Hopefully this article has demonstrated this to a

certain extent, and not made you feel schlumphy. And byschlumphy, I mean sleepy and lumpy. Obviously.

- Florence Smith Nicholls


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Music for a film that doesnt exist

Opening: Autolux Sugarless, From: Future Perfect

Music throughout the Film (in order):

The Clientele I Had to Say This, From: Suburban Light Alcest Abysses, From: cailles de Lune Asobi Seksu All Through the Day, From: Citrus Elliott Smith No Name # 1, From: Roman Candle Yuck Get Away, From: Yuck Iron & Wine Upward Over the Mountain, From: The Creek Drank the Cradle Baths Animals, From: Cerulean Harlem Prairie My Heart, From: Hippies Unrest Isabel, From: Imperial F. F. R. R. Real Estate Black Lake, From: Real Estate Stereolab Velvet Water, From: Cobra and Phases Group Play Voltage in

the Milky Night Bauhaus Double Dare, From: In the Flat Field Godspeed You! Black Emperor - 09-15-00, From: Yanqui U. X. O. Chaminade Piano Sonata in C Minor, Op. 21 Allegro Appassionato Can Mushroom, From: Tago Mago Rangda Sarcophagi, From: False Flag Low Whore, From: Things We Lost in the Fire Le Volume Courbe Who Are You? From: I Killed My Best Friend Micah P. Hinson Caught In Between, From: Micah P. Hinson and the

Gospel of Progress Chaminade Piano Sonata in C Minor Op. 21 3. Allegro Owen Pallett What Do You Think Will Happen Now? From: Heartland Broken Social Scene Pitter Patter Goes My Heart, From: You Forgot It In

People

Music for End and Titles The Cramps New Kind of Kick, From: Off The Bone The Magnetic Fields The Night You Cant Remember, From: 69 Love

Songs Vol. 3

Laurie Lewis


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Fragment

By James McKnight

he seems to me god-riddenthat holds his mile of body next

to your hearing body

that lips his words

..

he seems to me god-ridden

that months bore to this right

to hold his mile of body next

..

he seems to me god-ridden;

like eaten half a nights burn,

like stolen half a sun-fire;

that holds right to hold his mile of

body next your hearing body

that lips his words

that eat my words.

was this my break of tongue?

..

he seems to me god-ridden

who has gannet half the night,

who has eaten half its burn.

That right holds to mile hold

his body-mile next yours.

Your hearing bodythat lips his words;

that eats his words

that eat my words.

And quiet of listen turns laugh:

damp reddish reed-hair in ribs

spools tight, that quites in chest,

is wing-beaten breast.

Is blind eyes blind for looking.


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Tongue-broken, listen,

hear his fire-words.

Inside my mouth

is ash unburned.

Rush of sweat is water above

the sick-fire near-breaking skinwoke under. Yoke me, Pale Grass,

take pale body that, longing,

cannot endure, but must

End.


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