- 1. I. Singular and plural
2. Rule 1
3. Rule 2
- Nouns that end in s, ss, sh, ch, and x: add es
4. Rule 3
- Nouns that end in vowel + y: add s
5. Rule 4
- Nouns that end in consonant + y : ies
6. Rule 5
- Nouns that end in o: add es
7. Rule 6
- Some nouns that end in o add only s:
8. Rule 7
- Some nouns that end in o and add s or es:
9. Rule 8
- Nouns that end in f or fechange to ves:
10. exceptions
11. Other exceptions
12. Some that stay the same
13. More exceptions
14.
- Syllabus syllabi/syllabuses
15.
16. Latin root
17.
- Appendix appendices/appendixes
18. Possessive nouns
- Singular noun+apostrophe+s+possession
19. Plural nouns that end in s
- Plural noun+apostrophe+possession
20. Plural noun exception
- Plural noun+apostrophe+s+possession
21. Using nouns as modifiers
- When a noun is used as modifiers, it is used in its singular
form:
- Vegetable soup > they add as adjectives and adjectives never
take s
22. Count nouns
- May be preceded by a/an in the singular
23. Noncount nouns
- Many nouns refer to a whole that is made up of different
parts:
- Baggage jewelry cash/change
- Equipment luggage scenery
24. A phenomenon of nature
25. fluids
26. solids
27. gases
28. particles
29. abstractions
- Beauty,confidence, courage, education, enjoyment
- Fun, happiness, health, help, honesty, hospitality,
- Importance, intelligence, justice, knowledge, laughter, luck,
music, patience, peace, pride, progress, sleep,
- Recreation, significance, truth, violence, wealth
- Advice, information, news, evidence, proof
- Grammar, slang, vocabulary
30. languages
31. Fields of study
32. recreation
33. Activities : gerunds
34. Some can be count or noncount
- I founda hairin the soup.
- Dont forget to turn on the light of the room.
35. Guidelines for article usage
- 1. when you assume the listener is familiar
- 2. for the second mention of an indefinite noun
36.
- 3. dont use the forplural count or noncount when are making a
generalization
37. Expressions used with count nouns
38. Expressions used with noncounts
39. A fewanda little
- Give a positive idea, they indicate that something exists:
- Im glad, I have saved a little money.
40. Few and little
- They indicate that something is largely absent
- I feel sorry for her, she has few friends.
- I have very little money. I dont even have money to buy
food.
41. Expressions of quantity that always contain of
42. Expressions that sometimes have ofand sometimes not
- Much when the noun is specific preceded:
43. Dont use of with nonspecific
44. All of/ both of
- All of the students are here.
- Both of those men are here.
