Nouvelle France

Samuel de Champlain• 1604-1608

Champlain founded 3 settlements for the King of France:

• Port Royal (present day Nova Scotia);

• Sainte Croix (present-day Maine

• Quebec City

Title: Champlain Trading With the Indiansby Charles William Jefferies 1911

Quebec City 1608

• Champlain supervising the building of his habitation

• Painting by Charles William Jefferys

• What different challenges would these builders have compared to builders today?

The Living Quarters in Quebec

Drawn by Samuel de Champlain

• “It is this art (navigation) that drew me to love the sea at a very young age and that compelled me to challenge its treacherous waters all of my life and that made me navigate and follow the coast of parts of America . . .”

• Samuel de Champlain, 1613

Nouvelle France

•Rouillard's map suggests the geographical scope "New France" had come to assume by the late 17th century, at least in the minds of mapmakers.

•The colony as shown here includes all of upper and lower Canada; the Great Lakes region; and "Louisiana," which stretches from the Great Lakes to the Caribbean. The map also labels the North Atlantic the "sea of New France."

Bibliography

Canadian Museum of Civilization. Samuel de Champlain. Created June 29, 2007.

http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/biography/biographi202e.shtml. Retrieved June 29, 2009

Nouvelle France

• The settlements did not grow rapidly• The King set up a trading company to help the

settlement be more successful• The company was granted a monopoly on the trading of

furs in New France• That meant that no other company was allowed to

compete with the company. They would be the only one.• But, the company had to promise to bring more settlers

to the small colony.• What advantages come with being the only business

selling a product?• Why would the King want the settlement to grow?

Seigneurial Farms

• Farming was also needed for New France’s settlements to prosper

• Farmers relied on a traditional method of farming called the seigneurial system

• Lands were arranged in long narrow strips, called seigneuries, along the banks of the St. Lawrence River

• These strips of land, belonging to the King of France, were given to a seigneur to maintain.

• The seigneur divided the land among his tenants called habitant.

A Seigneury• When settlers

arrived, they were given free land on the seigneury.

• Most of the land was still covered with trees so it had to be cleared before crops were planted.

• This was very hard work and everyone in the family (including children) had to help.

• This seigneury is near Quebec City.  Just like the first map, most of the farms ended on the river.

• Not only was the river used to water crops and animals, it was also used for fishing and a way of getting from one place to another. There were very few roads four hundred years ago.

• Often the only way to visit your neighbours was to travel by canoe. Boats also took food, grown by farmers, to the towns and villages.

The Intendent

• Nobility

• Acted as the master in the Kings name

• Assigned land to seigneurs (usually Military Officers)

• Ensured harmony for the settlement

• Maintained law and order

• Jean Talon was the first Indendent of New France

The Seigneur

• Took the best land

• Built a Catholic Church

• Built a water or wind mill to grind grain for flour

• Built roads for the Habitant

• Collected rent from Habitant

The Habitant

• Cleared land of trees for farming

• Built a place to live

• Paid taxes to the seigneur (Chopped wood, fish, or farm produce)

• Worked three days a year for the seigneur (usually building roads)

Research New France

Bibliography

• Mclean, Don. Life in New France. Dated created unkown. http://www.etsb.qc.ca/en/teacher_resources/ICT_RECIT/resources/webquests/nf/Resources/farming.htm Retreived June 29, 2009.

Seigneury Assignment

You have been granted your own seigneury by Intendent Jean Talon. You must create a map of your seigneury.

Be sure to include• Mill and a church• Strips of land that have been rented to habitant• Label rivers and other features• Title, legend and scale• Colour

You will have one class of computer research time and one class afterward to complete your Map in your VISUAL JOURNAL