Novel and designed

ecosystemsChallenges for ecological restoration

Eric Higgs | University of Victoria

mountainlegacy.ca

United

Nations

Decade on

Ecosystem

Restoration

(2021-2030)!

▸ Major recent investment

▸ 350 million hectares restored by 2030 (Bonn Challenge)

▸ Massive surge in research and education

M A R K E R W A D D E N , T H E N E T H E R L A N D S

A N N E M I E K B O O S T E N

H A N O L F F

“Freak of Nature” Andy Thomas

1. Difference in ecosystem composition,

structure or function

2. Thresholds in these attributes that are

currently irreversible

3. Persistence or self-organization