NP 25

RECORD OF AMENDMENTS

The table below is to record Section IV Notice to Mariners amendments affecting this volume.Sub paragraph numbers in the margin of the body of the book are to assist the user when making amendments to this volume.

Weekly Notices to Mariners (Section IV)2005 2006 2007 2008

IMPORTANT SEE RELATED ADMIRALTY PUBLICATIONSThis is one of a series of publications produced by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office which should be consulted by users ofAdmiralty Charts. The full list of such publications is as follows:

Notices to Mariners (Annual, permanent, temporary and preliminary), Chart 5011 (Symbols and abbreviations), The MarinersHandbook (especially Chapters 1 and 2 for important information on the use of UKHO products, their accuracy and limitations),Sailing Directions (Pilots), List of Lights and Fog Signals, List of Radio Signals, Tide Tables and their digital equivalents.

All charts and publications should be kept up to date with the latest amendments.

NP 25

BRITISH COLUMBIAPILOT

VOLUME IThe coast of the United States of America

from Cape Flattery to Point Roberts, including Puget Sound;the coast of British Columbia from Point Roberts

to Cape Caution, and Vancouver Island;and the intervening passages.

TWELTH EDITION2004

PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED KINGDOM HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE

ii

Crown Copyright 2004

To be obtained from Agents for the sale of Admiralty Charts and Publications

Copyright for some of the material inthis publication is owned by the authority

named under the item and permission for itsreproduction must be obtained from the owner.

First published 1888. . . . . . . . . . . Second Edition 1898. . . . . . . . . . . Third Edition 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth Edition 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . Fifth Edition 1923. . . . . . . . . . . . . Sixth Edition 1935. . . . . . . . . . . . . Seventh Edition 1951. . . . . . . . . . Eighth Edition 1964. . . . . . . . . . . . Ninth Edition 1979. . . . . . . . . . . . Tenth Edition 1998. . . . . . . . . . . . Eleventh Edition 2001. . . . . . . . .

iii

PREFACE

The Twelfth Edition of the British Columbia Pilot, Volume I has been prepared by Captain R D Peddle, Master Mariner. TheUnited Kingdom Hydrographic Office has used all reasonable endeavours to ensure that this Pilot contains all the appropriateinformation obtained by and assessed by it at the date shown below. Information received or assessed after that date will beincluded in Admiralty Notices to Mariners where appropriate If in doubt, see The Mariners Handbook for details of whatAdmiralty Notices to Mariners are and how to use them.

This edition supersedes the Eleventh Edition (2001).

Information on ice and currents has been based on data provided by the Meteorological Office, Exeter.

The following sources of information, other than UKHO publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:

BritishFairplay Ports Guide 2004.Lloyds Ports of the World 2004.Lloyds Maritime GuideDry Dock Information 20012.The Statesmans Yearbook 2004.Whitakers Almanac 2004.

CanadianChartsSailing Directions British Columbia Coast (South Portion) Volume 1, Sixteenth Edition 1999.Sailing Directions PAC 200 First Edition 2002.

AmericanChartsUnited States Coast Pilot 7, 36th Edition 2004.

Dr D W WilliamsUnited Kingdom National Hydrographer

The United Kingdom Hydrographic OfficeAdmiralty WayTauntonSomerset TA1 2DNEngland15th October 2004

iv

PREFACE

The Tenth Edition of the British Columbia Pilot, Volume I has been compiled by Captain J.H.Gomersall, Master Mariner, andcontains the latest information received in the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office to the date given below.

This edition supersedes the Ninth Edition (1979) and Supplement No 9 (1997), which are cancelled.

Information on currents has been based on data provided by the Meteorological Office, Bracknell.

The following sources of information, other than UKHO publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:

BritishFairplay Ports Guide 1998.Lloyds Ports of the World 1998.Lloyds Maritime GuideDry Dock Information 1997.The Statesmans Yearbook 1998.Whitakers Almanac 1998.

CanadianChartsSailing Directions British Columbia Coast (South Portion) Volume 1, Fifteenth Edition 1990.Small Craft Guide British Columbia Volume 1, Seventh Edition 1989.Small Craft Guide British Columbia Volume 2, Eighth Edition 1990.

AmericanChartsUnited States Coast Pilot 7, 31st Edition 1997.

J.P. CLARKE CB LVO MBERear AdmiralHydrographer of the Navy

The United Kingdom Hydrographic OfficeAdmiralty WayTauntonSomerset TA1 2DNEngland22nd October 1998

CONTENTSPages

Preface iv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Explanatory notes vii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviations ix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index chartlets xi & xii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 1

Navigation and regulationsLimits of the book (1.1) 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navigational dangers and hazards (1.5) 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Traffic and operations (1.14) 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charts (1.19) 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navigational aids (1.29) 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pilotage (1.35) 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radio facilities (1.40) 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regulations (1.57) 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signals (1.91) 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distress and rescue (1.100) 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Countries and portsUnited States of America (1.109) 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canada (1.118) 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principal ports, harbours and anchorages (1.130) 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port services summary (1.131) 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Natural conditionsMaritime topography (1.135) 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Currents and tidal streams (1.137) 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea level and tides (1.146) 25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea and swell (1.147) 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea water characteristics (1.151) 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climate and weather (1.154) 33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climatic tables (1.182) 43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meteorological conversion table and scales (1.191) 53. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 2

Juan de Fuca Strait, including Esquimalt and Victoria Harbours 55. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 3

Puget Sound including Hood Canal, Lake Washington and waters East of Whidbey Island 83. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 4

Rosario Strait, waters East of it, and the San Juan Islands 133. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 5

South East Vancouver Island and adjacent watersincluding Haro Strait, Boundary Pass and channels leading North West 157. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 6

Strait of Georgia Southeastern part including Fraser River, Vancouver Harbour, Nanaimo and Howe Sound 199. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 7

Strait of Georgia Northwestern part including Malaspina Strait and Jervis Inlet together with the channels and inlets leading Northward to Cordero Channel 245. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 8

Discovery Passage, Johnstone Strait, Broughton Strait and adjacent islands 297. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 9

Queen Charlotte Strait 327. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 10

West coast of Vancouver Island, Cape Beale to Estevan Point including Barkley Sound and Clayoquot Sound 361. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 11

West and Northwest coast of Vancouver Island, Estevan Point to Cape Sutil including Nootka Sound, Esperanza Inlet, Kyuquot Sound, Quatsino Sound and Scott Islands 403. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDICES AND INDEX

Appendix I Canadian Shipping Act extracts from Collision Regulations 440. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix II Canadian Charts and Nautical Publications Regulations 1995 448. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix III Canadian Quarantine Reporting Requirement 450. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix IV United States Navigation and Navigable Waters Bridge to Bridge Radio Telephone Regulations 451. . . . . . . . Appendix V United States Navigation and Navigable Waters Ports and Waterways Safety General 452. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix VI United States Navigation and Navigable Waters Vessel Traffic Management 456. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix VII United States Navigation and Navigable Waters Navigation Safety Regulations 460. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix VIII United States Navigation and Navigable Waters Regulated Navigation Areas and Limited Access Areas 465. . Appendix IX United States Navigation and Navigable Waters Escort Requirements for Certain Tankers 471. . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix X United States Navigation and Navigable Waters Danger Zones and Restricted Area Regulations 472. . . . . . . . Index 473. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

vii

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Admiralty Sailing Directions are intended for use by vessels of 12 m or more in length. They amplify charted detail and containinformation needed for safe navigation which is not available from Admiralty charts, or other hydrographic publications. They are intendedto be read in conjunction with the charts quoted in the text.

This volume of the Sailing Directions will be kept up-to-date by the issue of a new edition at intervals of approximately 3 years, withoutthe use of supplements. In addition important amendments which cannot await the new edition are published in Section IV of the weeklyeditions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners. A list of such amendments and notices in force is published in the last weekly edition for eachmonth. Those still in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

This volume should not be used without reference to Section IV of the weekly editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

CDROM

Status. A compact disc is provided at the back of this volume. The paper publication of Sailing Directions satisfies the requirements ofChapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. The CD version does not satisfy these requirements and should onlybe used in conjunction with the paper publication and any amendments affecting the paper publication. Where any discrepancy existsbetween data on the CD and in the paper publication of Sailing Directions, the paper publication (inclusive of amendments) is to be reliedupon.

Disclaimer. Whilst the UKHO has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the data on the CD was accurate at the time of production, ithas not verified the data for navigational purposes and the CD is not suitable, and is not to be relied upon, for navigation. The use of the CD forthis purpose is at the users own risk. The UKHO accepts no liability (except in the case of death or personal injury caused by the negligenceof the UKHO) whether in contract, tort, under any statute or otherwise and whether or not arising out of any negligence on the part of theUKHO in respect of any inadequacy of any kind whatsoever in the data on the CD or in the means of distribution.

Conditions of release. The material supplied on the CDROM is protected by Crown Copyright. No part of the data may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwisewithout the prior written permission of the UKHO. The copyright material, its derivatives and its outputs may not be sold or distributed orcommercially exploited in either an original or derived form without the prior written permission of the UKHO. For the avoidance of doubt,the supplied material, its derivatives and its outputs shall not be placed, or allowed to be placed, on a computer accessible to Third Partieswhether via the Internet or otherwise. The release of the supplied material in no way implies that the UKHO will supply further material.

References to hydrographic and other publications

The Mariners Handbook gives general information affecting navigation and is complementary to this volume.

Ocean Passages for the World and Routeing Charts contain ocean routeing information and should be consulted for other than coastalpassages.

Admiralty List of Lights should be consulted for details of lights, lanbys and fog signals, as these are not fully described in this volume.

Admiralty List of Radio Signals should be consulted for information relating to coast and port radio stations, radio details of pilotageservices, radar beacons and radio direction finding stations, meteorological services, radio aids to navigation, Global Maritime Distress andSafety System (GMDSS) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) stations, as these are only briefly referred to in this volume.

Admiralty Maritime Communications is a comprehensive guide on all aspects of maritime communications for the yachtsman and smallcraft user. It provides general information on Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), the management of VHF, MaritimeSafety Information, NAVTEX, Inmarsat and Radio Facsimile, and detailed information and procedures for marinas and harbours used bysmall craft.

Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners contains in addition to the temporary and preliminary notices, and amendments andnotices affecting Sailing Directions, a number of notices giving information of a permanent nature covering radio messages and navigationalwarnings, distress and rescue at sea and exercise areas.

The International Code of Signals should be consulted for details of distress and life-saving signals, international ice-breaker signals aswell as international flag signals.

Remarks on subject matter

Buoys are generally described in detail only when they have special navigational significance, or where the scale of the chart is too smallto show all the details clearly.

Chart index diagrams in this volume show only those Admiralty charts of a suitable scale to give good coverage of the area. Marinersshould consult NP 131 Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and Publications for details of larger scale charts.

EXPLANATORY NOTES

viii

Chart references in the text normally refer to the largest scale Admiralty chart but occasionally a smaller scale chart may be quoted whereits use is more appropriate.

Firing, practice and exercise areas. Except for submarine exercise areas, details of firing, practice and exercise areas are not mentionedin Sailing Directions, but signals and buoys used in connection with these areas are sometimes mentioned if significant for navigation.Attention is invited to the Annual Notice to Mariners on this subject.

Names have been taken from the most authoritative source. When an obsolete name still appears on the chart, it is given in bracketsfollowing the proper name at the principal description of the feature in the text and where the name is first mentioned.

Tidal information relating the daily vertical movements of the water is not given; for this Admiralty Tide Tables should be consulted.Changes in water level of an abnormal nature are mentioned.

Time difference used in the text when applied to the time of High Water found from the Admiralty Tide Tables, gives the time of the eventbeing described in the Standard Time kept in the area of that event. Due allowance must be made for any seasonal daylight saving time whichmay be kept.

Wreck information is included where drying or below-water wrecks are relatively permanent features having significance fornavigation or anchoring.

Units and terminology used in this volume

Latitude and Longitude given in brackets are approximate and are taken from the chart quoted.

Bearings and directions are referred to the true compass and when given in degrees are reckoned clockwise from 000 (North) to 359Bearings used for positioning are given from the reference object.Bearings of objects, alignments and light sectors are given as seen from the vessel.Courses always refer to the course to be made good over the ground.

Winds are described by the direction from which they blow.

Tidal streams and currents are described by the direction towards which they flow.

Distances are expressed in sea miles of 60 to a degree of latitude and sub-divided into cables of one tenth of a sea mile.

Depths are given below chart datum, except where otherwise stated.

Heights of objects refer to the height of the structure above the ground and are invariably expressed as ... m in height.

Elevations, as distinct from heights, are given above Mean High Water Springs or Mean Higher High Water whichever is quoted inAdmiralty Tide Tables, and expressed as, an elevation of ... m. However the elevation of natural features such as hills may alternatively beexpressed as ... m high since in this case there can be no confusion between elevation and height.

Metric units are used for all measurements of depths, heights and short distances, but where feet/fathoms charts are referred to, theselatter units are given in brackets after the metric values for depths and heights shown on the chart.

Time is expressed in the four-figure notation beginning at midnight and is given in local time unless otherwise stated. Details of local timekept will be found in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.

Bands is the word used to indicate horizontal marking.

Stripes is the word used to indicate markings which are vertical, unless stated to be diagonal.

Conspicuous objects are natural and artificial marks which are outstanding, easily identifiable and clearly visible to the mariner over alarge area of sea in varying conditions of light. If the scale is large enough they will normally be shown on the chart in bold capitals and may bemarked conspic.

Prominent objects are those which are easily identifiable, but do not justify being classified as conspicuous.

ix

ABBREVIATIONSThe following abbreviations are used in the text.

Directions

N north (northerly, northward, northern,northernmost)

NNE north-north-eastNE north-eastENE east-north-eastE eastESE east-south-eastSE south-eastSSE south-south-east

S southSSW south-south-westSW south-westWSW west-south-westW westWNW west-north-westNW north-westNNW north-north-west

Navigation

AIS Automatic Indentification SystemCVTS Cooperative Vessel Traffic SystemDGPS Differential Global Positioning SystemGPS Global Positioning SystemITCZ Intertropical Convergence ZoneLanby Large automatic navigation buoyMCTS Marine Communications and Traffic Services

CentresODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System

Satnav Satellite navigationTSS Traffic Separation SchemeVDR Voyage Data RecorderVMRS Vessel Movement Reporting SystemVTC Vessel Traffic CentreVTS Vessel Traffic ServicesVTMS Vessel Traffic Management System

Offshore operations

ALC Articulated loading columnALP Articulated loading platformCALM Catenary anchor leg mooringCBM Conventional buoy mooringELSBM Exposed location single buoy mooringFPSO Floating production storage and offloading

vessel

FPU Floating production unitFSO Floating storage and offloading vesselPLEM Pipe line end manifoldSALM Single anchor leg mooring systemSALS Single anchored leg storage systemSBM Single buoy mooringSPM Single point mooring

Organizations

EU European UnionIALA International Association of Lighthouse

AuthoritiesIHO International Hydrographic Organization

IMO International Maritime OrganizationNATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationRN Royal NavyUKHO United Kingdom Hydrographic Office

Radio

AIS Automatic Indentification SystemDF direction findingHF high frequencyLF low frequencyMF medium frequencyMMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identity

Navtex Navigational Telex SystemRT radio telephonyUHF ultra high frequencyVHF very high frequencyWT radio (wireless) telegraphy

Rescue and distress

AMVER Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel RescueSystem

EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio BeaconGMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

JRCC Joint Rescue Cooperation CentreMRCC Maritime Rescue Co-ordination CentreMRSC Maritime Rescue Sub-CentreSAR Search and Rescue

Tides

HAT Highest Astronomical TideHW High WaterLAT Lowest Astronomical TideLW Low WaterMHHW Mean Higher High WaterMHLW Mean Higher Low WaterMHW Mean High WaterMHWN Mean High Water Neaps

MHWS Mean High Water SpringsMLHW Mean Lower High WaterMLLW Mean Lower Low WaterMLW Mean Low WaterMLWN Mean Low Water NeapsMLWS Mean Low Water SpringsMSL Mean Sea Level

ABBREVIATIONS

x

Times

ETA estimated time of arrivalETD estimated time of departure

UT Universal TimeUTC Co-ordinated Universal Time

Units and miscellaneous

C degrees CelsiusDG degaussingdwt deadweight tonnageDZ danger zonefeu forty foot equivalent unitfm fathom(s)ft foot (feet)g/cm3 gram per cubic centimetreGRP glass reinforced plasticgrt gross register tonnagegt gross tonnagehp horse powerhPa hectopascal

kHz kilohertzkm kilometre(s)kn knot(s)kW kilowatt(s)m metre(s)mb millibar(s)MHz megahertzmm millimetre(s)MW megawatt(s)No numbernrt nett register tonnageteu twenty foot equivalent unit

Vessels and cargo

CDC Certain Dangerous CargoHMS Her (His) Majestys ShipHSC High Speed CraftLASH Lighter Aboard ShipLHG Liquefied Hazardous GasLNG Liquefied Natural GasLOA Length overallLPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas

MV Motor VesselMY Motor YachtPOL Petrol, Oil & LubricantsRMS Royal Mail ShipRo-Ro Roll-on, Roll-offSS SteamshipULCC Ultra Large Crude CarrierVLCC Very Large Crude Carrier

Chapter Index Diagram

2

10

22

3

3

45

6

6

67

7

7

8

3

Cape Flatter

y

Stateof

Washington

Stateof

Washington

Br i t ishColumbia

VancouverIs land

Juan de FucaStrai t

NP 8THE PACIFIC COASTS

OF CENTRAL AMERICA ANDUNITED STATES PILOT

Olympia

Tacoma

Seattle

PugetSound

Everett

Bellingham

New Westminster

Vancouver

Comox

Port San Juan

Port Alberni

Continued onIndex NP 25(b)

ButeInlet

Powell River

TobaInlet

TexadaIsland

Strai t ofGeorgia

Nanaimo

BarkleySound

579

4945

80

46

47

511947

1004

3933

4952

4950

4951

4953

4954

4947

xi

47

48

49

50

51

122123Longitude 124 West from Greenwich125

122123124125

47

48

49

50

51

NP 25(a)British Columbia Pilot Vol I

210

11

11

99

9

8

87

7

NP 8PACIFIC COASTS OF CENTRAL AMERICA

AND UNITED STATES PILOT

NP 26BRITISH COLUMBIA

PILOT VOL II

Br i t ishColumbia

VancouverIs land

BarclaySound

ClayoquotSound

NootkaSound

KyuquotSound

QuatsinoSound

Tofino

Gold River

Tahsis

Port Alice

Port Hardy

ButeInlet

CapeCook

CapeScott

Queen Char lot te

Strai t

579

581582

4945

1933

1004

4943

4944

4923

4947

xii

49

50

51

125126127128

48

129

125126Longitude 127 West from Greenwich128129

49

50

51

48

Chapter Index Diagram

NP 25(b)British Columbia Pilot Vol I

1LAWS AND REGULATIONS APPERTAINING TO NAVIGATION

While, in the interests of safety of shipping, the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office makes every endeavour to include in its hydrographicpublications details of the laws and regulations of all countries appertaining to navigation, it must be clearly understood:(a) that no liability whatever will be accepted for failure to publish details of any particular law or regulation, and(b) that publication of the details of a law or regulation is solely for the safety and convenience of shipping and implies no recognition

of the international validity of the law or regulation.

BRITISH COLUMBIA PILOTVOLUME 1

CHAPTER 1NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS

COUNTRIES AND PORTSNATURAL CONDITIONS

NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS

LIMITS OF THE BOOKChart 48011.1

1 Area covered. This volume contains a description of thecoast of the United States of America from Cape Flattery(4823N, 12444W) E including Puget Sound, thence NWalong the coasts of British Columbia and Vancouver Islandto Cape Caution (5110N, 12747W).

2 The seaward limits of this volume are defined asfollows:

Latitude LongitudeCape Caution (5110N,12747W) W to position

5110N 14000W

Thence S to position 4825N 14000WThence E to position 4825N 12443WThence S to Cape Flattery 4823N 12444W

PRINCIPAL ROUTESGeneral comments1.2

1 The principal ocean shipping routes serving the areahave the entrance to Juan de Fuca Strait as their focalpoint. From the inner part of the strait, the deep waterroutes continue S into Puget Sound (3.1), and N throughHaro Strait (5.9) and Boundary Pass (5.9), or throughRosario Strait (4.4), to the Strait of Georgia, thus providinga safe, deep approach to all the major ports in the area.

2 Coastal vessels proceeding from Juan de Fuca Strait tothe Strait of Georgia can benefit from the weaker tidal

streams to be found in the route through Mayor Channel(2.178), Baynes Channel (2.184), Sidney Channel (5.58),Moresby Passage (5.79), Swanson Channel (5.87) andActive Pass (5.96); however this route is not without itshazards due to the numbers of pleasure craft in summerand the ferries in Active Pass.

3 There is a considerable network of lesser routes, forsmaller vessels, through the numerous islands lyingbetween Vancouver Island and the mainland, giving accessto the smaller ports and the many mainland inlets as wellas providing sheltered passage between the SE and NWextremities of Vancouver Island. The only navigablechannel for large vessels, between the Strait of Georgia andQueen Charlotte Sound, is through Discovery Passage (8.6),Johnstone Strait (8.84) and thence either direct to GordonChannel, or through Goletas Channel (9.138) and ChristiePassage (9.149) to Gordon Channel (9.162). The limitingfactor on this route is the power cable spanning SeymourNarrows (8.51), which has a vertical clearance of 55 m. Itis advisable to be aware of the anchorages available on thisroute due to the prevalence of fog and the need to awaitslack water in the narrower parts.1.3

1 Caution. Details of the channels constituting the lesserroutes are given in the appropriate chapters, however itmust be continually borne in mind that some of the minorpassages have not been fully surveyed, and it is thereforeunwise to attempt them unless the text indicates that theyare suitable.

Tanker routes1.4

1 Tanker Exclusion Zone. See 1.85.

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2

NAVIGATIONAL DANGERS AND HAZARDSCoastal conditions1.5

1 Fog may occur in any season. See 1.175.Onshore setting currents can occur in the entrance to

Juan de Fuca Strait. See 1.143.

Navigation amongst kelp1.6

1 See The Mariners Handbook for details.

Log booms1.7

1 Log booms towed by tugs may often be met along thecoasts or in the confined waterways of British Columbia.These rafts are usually at the end of a long tow line whichmight constitute a hazard in poor visibility.

Drifting logs1.8

1 Drifting logs are a constant menace to navigation,especially in the inner passages, and small vessels inparticular are advised to exercise extreme caution whenmaking way at night. All sizes of logs to over 20 m inlength, as well as brush, are likely to be met in thechannels, sometimes singly but more often there are manyof different sizes concentrated in a fairly small area. Suchconcentrations are usually to be found where there are tidalswirls and eddies. Occasionally an entire tree, completewith branches and foliage, might be encountered, usuallyduring the early summer when rivers are in their freshetstage and have great quantities of debris carried down inthem. Storms and extreme tides are mostly responsible fordrifting logs which are washed off beaches. During calmweather, logs may be found lying in any direction relativeto the channel, although, if there is any sea they usually liein the trough of the waves.

2 A particular hazard is the deadhead, which is a logthat has become so waterlogged it is almost entirelysubmerged. It usually assumes a vertical position with itsupper end awash, or just below the surface. During daylighta deadhead is often invisible unless there is a slight seaor swell to cause it to break the surface.

3 Notification of dangers to navigation, such as large logsor deadheads, are often broadcast as Navigation Warningsfrom MCTS Centres.

Mariners are requested to notify the nearest MCTSCentre of any such hazard to navigation which theyencounter.

Barges under tow1.9

1 It is the practice on the British Columbia Coast for pickup lines to be trailed astern of barges under tow. A pick upline might be up to 110 m in length with the end markedby a fluorescent buoy. All vessels should pass astern oftowed barges at a sufficient distance to clear such trailinglines. The Canadian modifications to lights carried bybarges under tow, or being pushed, are given in Rule 24 ofthe International Regulations for Preventing Collisions atSea, with Canadian Modifications in Appendix I.Booming grounds1.10

1 A booming ground is a term used mainly in Canadianwaters where logs are temporarily held and stored formaking up into rafts. The area is usually enclosed by aboom to retain the logs.

Seaplanes1.11

1 There are a number of seaplane operating areas situatedin the area described in this pilot and in recent years thenumber of serious incidents between vessels and seaplaneshas increased.

2 It should be understood that at a particular stage intaking off, or in landing, a seaplane is committed andunable to change its intended action at the last moment.Also adverse weather conditions are generally morerestrictive to a seaplane on the water than to a ship.Passing close to, or ahead of, a seaplane whose engines areoperating creates an obvious hazard.

3 Mariners should, where possible, avoid seaplaneoperating areas particularly in conditions of poor visibility.

Overhead cables1.12

1 Overhead cables are mentioned in the text where theclearance beneath them may be a hazard to navigation.Some of these cables carry high voltages and sufficientclearance must be allowed when passing underneath them.Mariners are advised that the actual clearance of anoverhead cable may differ from its charted value due tochanges in atmospheric conditions, water levels and inwinter by the ice and snow conditions.

2 For information on safety clearances and the radarresponses to be expected see The Mariners Handbook.

Obstructions1.13

1 Fish havens, which might be found off the coast of theUnited States, are artificial reefs composed of scrapmaterials of all kinds, rising 3 m or more above the seabed. Some are small and others might extend for aconsiderable distance. Care should be exercised in theirvicinity.

TRAFFIC AND OPERATIONS

TrafficVessel Traffic Services1.14

1 Vessel Traffic Service Scheme with full radarsurveillance is maintained for the control of shipping, fordetails, and list of reporting points, see Admiralty List ofRadio Signals Volume 6(5). Positions of reporting points areshown on the charts.

2 The system is operated by the Canadian and UnitedStates Coastguards based ashore at Vessel Traffic Centres(VTC) (in Canada these are known as MarineCommunications and Traffic Services (MCTS) Centres).Canadian/United States agreement provides jointco-operative VTS in the waters through which theinternational boundary runs; these waters comprise Juan deFuca Strait, Haro Strait, Boundary Pass, and the S end ofthe Strait of Georgia.

FishingFishing vessels1.15

1 Mariners are advised that fishing vessels of several typesmight be encountered off the coasts described in thisvolume. The principal types of fishing gear used in BritishColumbia waters are purse seine, gillnet, longline, trollingand otter trawling; details on these types of equipment aregiven in The Mariners Handbook.

CHAPTER 1

3

2 The greatest concentration of fishing vessels may beexpected as follows:La Prouse Bank (4835N, 12545W), Swiftsure Bank (4833N, 12500W) and offEstevan Point (4923N, 12632W)(within the 100 m depth contour).

April 15th to 30th September.

Juan de Fuca Strait. April 15th to 1st November.

Fraser River and approaches. Approximately 1st July to 1st November and sporadicallythroughout the year.

3 Mariners are warned that from about June to November,large factory ships may be encountered off the W coast ofVancouver Island at various distances between CapeFlattery and Estevan Point; these ships may be fishing,working cargo or drifting.

4 Fishing vessels will, as far as possible, keep clear of therecommended shipping lanes, but no vessel should passunnecessarily close to those engaged in fishing. If intendingto pass through any of the foregoing areas mariners shouldcontact a MCTS Centre giving her position, intended routeand speed for rebroadcast to the fishing fleet. SeeAdmiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 6(5) for theappropriate MCTS Centre. Mariners are also requested tocommunicate with Fisheries Patrol Vessels on VHFChannel 16 for an exchange of information and assistancein making a safe passage through fishing areas.

5 Four blasts on the whistle or siren is the recognisedsignal to warn fishing vessels of approaching traffic. Ifcommitted to passing over a fishing net, the mariner shouldstop engines immediately and keep her course until clear.

For special lights and signals used by fishing vessels,see 1.91. Fishermen sometimes use quick-flashing lights ontheir net floats and care must be taken not to confuse theselights with lighted aids to navigation.

Marine farms1.16

1 The establishment of aquaculture facilities in Canadasnavigable waterways has reached high concentration levelsin many areas. Every mariner is advised to exercise cautionand give a wide berth to the yellow cautionary buoysmarking the perimeters of the approved aquaculture sites.

2 Any mariner wishing to obtain detailed informationconcerning the positions of aquaculture facilities shouldcontact the regional Navigation Protection Program officeof the Canadian Coastguard. For the Pacific region theaddress is as follows:

3 NWPP Division,300555 West Hastings Street,Vancouver, B.C.,V6B 5G3Canada

Exercise areas1.17

1 Naval operations including missile firing, gunnery andbombing practice may occur in the area covered by thisvolume; they are mentioned in the appropriate chapters.

Notice of exercises and firing practices, giving the areasinvolved with the nature and duration of the exercise andspecified navigational rules are issued in local Notices toMariners and radio navigation warnings.

2 Warships in formation or vessels in convoy. Theprecautions necessary when approaching warships information or vessels in convoy are described in TheMariners Handbook.

Submarines1.18

1 Mariners are warned that submarines might beencountered within the area covered by this book,particularly in the Juan de Fuca Strait and adjacent waters.They may be surfaced or dived, operating independently, orwith surface ships and/or aircraft. See 1.94 and 1.98.

CHARTS

Admiralty charts1.19

1 Some of the Admiralty charts covering areas embracedby this volume, although kept amended for important detailfrom Canadian and United States sources, are in someinstances based on earlier incomplete surveys. A number ofchannels and inlets between the NE side of VancouverIsland and the mainland are no longer covered byAdmiralty charts.

2 There are large scale Admiralty charts of the US portsof Seattle, Tacoma, Olympia and Everett with good largescale coverage through the approaches to them inAdmiralty Inlet and Puget Sound. There is also goodcoverage of the Canadian ports of Victoria, NewWestminster, Vancouver and its approaches through the SEpart of the Strait of Georgia, and Nanaimo.

Foreign charts1.20

1 In certain areas where Admiralty charts show insufficientdetail for navigation close inshore, these Sailing Directionshave been written using US and Canadian charts. Some ofthese charts are not quoted as reference charts in the text,which has been written on the assumption that marinerswishing to navigate in these areas will have providedthemselves with suitable charts on which to do so.

Canadian charts1.21

1 Canadian charts and publications can be obtained fromchart agents as listed in Canadian Annual Notice toMariners No 14, amended by Canadian Notices toMariners. They are also obtainable from the followingaddress:

2 Canadian Hydrographic Service,Chart Distribution Office,9860 West Saanich Road,Sidney, B.C.,V8L 4B2Canada

US charts1.22

1 US charts and publications of the National OceanService (NOS) and unclassified charts of the NationalGeospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) can be obtainedfrom chart agents in US and foreign ports, or by mail orderfrom the following address:

CHAPTER 1

4

2 Federal Aviation Administration,National Aeronautical Charting Office,Distribution Division (AVN530),6303 Ivy Lane, Suite 400,Greenbelt,MD 207706325USA

Canadian Charts and Nautical PublicationsRegulations, 19951.23

1 See 1.78.

United States Navigation Safety Regulations1.24

1 See 1.71.

Datums

Vertical1.25

1 Depths on most modern Admiralty charts are reduced toChart Datum, which is approximately the level of LowestAstronomical Tide. Older charts use a number of differentdatums, which are normally shown on the chart.

US charts are reduced to MLLW, MLW or MSL, asshown on the chart.

Canadian charts are reduced to Chart Datum, as shownon the chart.

2 Drying heights on most modern Admiralty charts areshown as being above chart datum. Older charts use anumber of different datums, which are normally shown onthe chart.

3 Elevations on most modern Admiralty charts are shownas being above MHWS or MHHW. On many US chartsand older Admiralty charts elevations are shown as beingagainst MHW; an exception to this is in the LakeWashington Ship Canal where, above the locks, verticalclearances are referred to the Mean Water Level of the lakewhich is 64 m (21 ft) above MLLW.

Horizontal1.26

1 Differences in latitude and longitude, in some cases byas much as 20 seconds, exist between Admiralty chartsbased on 19th century surveys and more modern British,Canadian and American charts. The more modern Britishcharts are referred to North American Datum 1927 orNorth American Datum 1983 and notes on these chartsgive details of the differences between the World GeodeticSystem 1984 Datum and the datum of these charts.

2 For older charts it has proved to be impossible toprovide such details because of internal inconsistencies andwhen transferring positions between charts, it is advisableto do so by bearing and distance from a common referenceobject, and not by latitude and longitude.1.27

1 Canadian charts are currently being converted fromNorth American Datum 1927 (NAD 27) to North AmericanDatum 1983 (NAD 83). The differences in position of thesame point between NAD 27 and NAD 83 is up to 110 mon the Pacific coast.

NAD 83 is considered equivalent to World GeodeticSystem 1984 (WGS 84).

2 New Canadian charts and new editions of Canadiancharts will have a note indicating whether the chart is

based on NAD 27 or NAD 83 and will contain sufficientinformation to allow conversion from one datum to theother.

Depths

Depth terms used in United States waters1.28

1 Federal project depth is the design dredging depth of achannel. This depth may, or may not, be the goal ofmaintenance dredging after completion of the channel.

Where a federal project exists only the project depth isgiven.

2 Controlling depth of a channel is the least depth withinthe limits of the channel. It restricts the safe use of thechannel to draughts of less than that depth.

3 Centreline controlling depth of a channel applies onlyto the centreline; lesser depths may exist in the remainderof the channel.

4 Mid-channel controlling depth of a channel is thecontrolling depth of only the middle half of the channel.For the latest controlling depth, charts and local port andpilotage authorities should be consulted.

5 Depths alongside wharfs are usually those reported bythe owner or operator of the wharf. Local authoritiesshould be consulted for the latest controlling depths.

AIDS TO NAVIGATION

Lights1.29

1 Navigational lights are the responsibility of the nationalauthorities in Canada and the United States; in bothcountries this is the Coastguard. Major lights are those witha nominal range of 15 miles or more.

2 Light-structures only, with their elevation or height, aredescribed in this volume; for further details of lights seeAdmiralty List of Lights Volume G.

It should be kept in mind that brilliant shore lights usedfor advertising and other purposes, particularly those indensely populated areas, can make it difficult to identify anavigational light.

3 Light sectors. In British Columbian waters it should bekept in mind that because the chart or light list does notindicate any limitations to the arc of visibility of a light, itdoes not necessarily follow that it is not obscured on somebearings. Trees grow rapidly on the west coast of Canadaand it is quite possible for a light erected in a cleared areasome years ago to become obscured in some sectors by anew growth of trees. For this reason the CanadianHydrographic Service no longer shows arcs of visibility forlights on its charts except those which have colour sectorsor are deliberately sectored at the light source.

Landmarks

Change in appearance1.30

1 Caution is necessary when evaluating the descriptionsgiven in this volume concerning landmarks, such as trees,and the colour and shape of buildings and other marks.New buildings might have been erected and old trees orhouses destroyed, so that marks, which at one time mighthave been conspicuous on account of their isolation, shapeor colour, may no longer exist or may now be difficult toidentify.

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Buoyage

General1.31

1 Mariners should not rely on buoys being in their chartedpositions all the time. Buoys should be regarded as warningmarkers and not as infallible navigation marks. Theposition of any buoy might not be as charted due to storm,collision, or undersea features such as shoals, reefs, orledges, which tend to render the buoy being easilydisplaced. Mariners should always navigate their vessels byvisual bearings and radar distances of fixed shore objects,by soundings or through the use of satellite or radionavigation systems whenever possible, rather than relyingon buoys.

2 Due to their widespread use, the term radar reflector isnot included in the description of buoys in the text.

It should be noted that although the in-going tidalstreams actually meet in the vicinity of Sentry Shoal(4955N, 12500W), this has no effect on buoyage whichshould be treated as though the in-going streams continuein a N-going direction beyond this point.

IALA Maritime Buoyage System1.32

1 The IALA Maritime Buoyage System Region B (red tostarboard) is used in Canadian and United States waters,however, in minor locations where aids to navigation areprivately maintained, non-IALA buoys and marks may stillbe encountered.

For full details of the system see The MarinersHandbook and IALA Maritime Buoyage System, NP735.

Canadian Special Purpose Buoys1.33

1 In addition to IALA buoys, special purpose buoys,which do not have any lateral or cardinal significance areused in Canadian waters. They may comprise variousshapes of lighted or unlighted buoys and may displayyellow reflective material. All special purpose buoys mayexhibit a yellow flashing light.

2 Special purpose buoys include:Anchorage buoys used to mark the extremities of a

designated anchorage area.Cautionary buoys used to mark areas such as racing

courses, exercise areas, seaplane bases, etc.Skin divers buoys used to mark areas in which skin

divers are operating.3 Keep-out buoys used to mark certain areas such as

swimming areas where boats are prohibited.Information buoys used to display information such

as a locality name.Control buoys used to indicate a speed limit, no

mooring, etc.4 Mooring buoys used for mooring or securing vessel,

seaplanes, etc.Hazard buoys used to mark areas of random hazards

such as shoals and rocks.

Ocean Data Acquisition (ODAS) Buoys1.34

1 ODAS Buoys, used for the collecting of weather andoceanographical data, are moored in a number of locationsoff the coasts covered by this pilot.

Large ODAS buoys should be given a clearance of atleast 1 mile, or 2 miles by vessels towing underwatergear.

For further information see Appendix I and TheMariners Handbook.

PILOTAGE

General1.35

1 Pilotage in the coastal waters of Canada, covered by thisvolume, is compulsory for vessels (including tug and tow)over 350 grt and pleasure yachts over 250 grt. For coastalwaters of the United States of America covered by thisvolume it is compulsory, with a few exceptions, for allforeign vessels and for US vessels engaged in the foreigntrade.

Canada1.36

1 Pilot boarding grounds are established as follows:Victoria 7 cables SSE of VH Light-buoy

(48225N, 123236W)Barkley Sound At the entrance to

Trevor Channel off Cape Beale(4847N, 12513W).

Prince Rupert (see British ColumbiaPilot Volume II)

Brown Passage, about 1 miles N of Triple Island (5419N, 13053W).

Other positions by arrangement.2 Compulsory pilotage is waived in respect of vessels

entering a coastal area for the purpose of embarking a pilotuntil the boarding ground is reached and similarly, ondeparture, after the pilot has disembarked.

3 Procedure for ordering a pilot. See Admiralty List ofRadio Signals Volume 6(5) for details.1.37

1 Pilot boarding. Pilot boats do not cruise on theboarding ground, instead they leave the pilot stationonshore in time to meet the vessel at the boarding ground.

In clear weather, a vessel wishing to embark a pilotshould hoist the International Code Flag G by day andmake four long flashes on a signal lamp at night. In fog orlow visibility she should sound four long blasts on thewhistle or siren at intervals in order to guide the pilot boat.

Should rough weather at Cape Beale prevent a pilotfrom boarding, the vessel should follow the pilot boat intomore sheltered waters where embarkation is morepracticable.

2 Vessels embarking a pilot at sea are requested to complywith Regulation 17, Chapter V of the InternationalConvention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS),regarding the provision of pilot ladders. However, theCanadian Pilot Ladder Regulations, which apply to everyCanadian ship, differ from the SOLAS regulations withregard to the height of the point of access to the ship.

3 Section 6 (3) of the Canadian Regulations states Wherethe distance from the water to the point of access to theship is more than 5 m, access from the pilot ladder to theship shall be by means of an accommodation ladder orother equipment that provides equally safe and convenientaccess to the ship.

The Canadian authorities strongly recommend that theheight the pilot must climb by pilot ladder be reduced fromthe 9 m stipulated in SOLAS, to the 5 m required in theCanadian Pilot Ladder Regulations.

See also The Mariners Handbook.

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6

United States1.38

1 Pilotage for Puget Sound and all adjacent US waters isprovided by PUGET SOUND PILOTS. Pilots board about1 miles NNE of Ediz Hook Light (48084N,123241W).

2 Procedure for ordering a pilot. See Admiralty List ofRadio Signals Volume 6(5) for details.1.39

1 Pilot boarding. The pilot station is located on EdizHook about 9 cables W of the E end of the spit; in NWweather a vessel should be prepared to obtain a lee S ofEdiz Hook.

In clear weather, a vessel wishing to embark a pilotshould hoist International Code flag G by day. In fog orlow visibility, one long, one short and one long blastshould be sounded on the whistle or siren. At night thepilot station will exhibit three lights vertically, the highestand lowest of which will be red and the middle one green,to indicate that the pilot boat is on her way to the vessel

The pilot ladder is to be rigged in accordance withRegulation 17, Chapter V of the International Conventionfor the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).

RADIO FACILITIES

Satellite navigation systems

Global positioning system1.40

1 The Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS), a militarysatellite navigation system owned and operated by theUnited States Department of Defense provides world wideposition fixing.

The system is referenced to the datum of the WorldGeodetic System 1984 (WGS84) and therefore positionsobtained must be adjusted, if necessary, to the datum of thechart being used.

For further information see Admiralty List of RadioSignals Volume 2.

Differential Global Positioning System1.41

1 DGPS compares the position of a fixed point, referred toas the reference station, with positions obtained from aGPS receiver at that point. The resulting differences arethen broadcast as corrections to suitable receivers toovercome the inherent limitations of GPS.

2 The Canadian Coastguard transmit DGPS correctionsfrom Sandspit (5312N, 13147W), Alert Bay (5035N,126565W), Tofino (Amphitrite Point) (4855N,12532W) and Richmond, B.C. (4906N, 12311W).Positions obtained using these DGPS corrections shouldonly be referred to a chart using NAD 83 as its horizontaldatum. See 1.27. DGPS receivers must be set to the WGS84 datum in order to obtain optimum positioning acuracy.

For further details see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolume 2.

Global Navigation Satellite System1.42

1 The Russian Global Navigation Satellite System(GLONASS) is similar to GPS in that it is a space-basednavigation system which provides world wide positionfixing. The system is referenced to the Soviet GeocentricCo-ordinate System 1990 (SGS90) and as for GPS

positions must be adjusted, if necessary, to the datum ofthe chart being used.

2 For further information see Admiralty List of RadioSignals Volume 2.

Caution1.43

1 Satellite navigation systems are under the control of theowning nation which can impose selective availability ordowngrade the accuracy to levels less than that availablefrom terrestrial radio navigational systems. Thereforesatellite navigation systems should be used with caution.

Other radio aids to navigationMarine radiobeacons1.44

1 Marine radiobeacons are located in the approaches to afew ports and small craft harbours, as shown on the charts,but their numbers are now declining.

Racons1.45

1 Racons, to assist in landfall and coastal navigation,transmit from several salient points on the coast and fromfairway light-buoys in the approaches to harbours andestuaries. These racons are mentioned in the text and areshown on the charts.

For details see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.Loran-C1.46

1 Loran-C is a low frequency electronic position fixingsystem using pulsed transmissions at 100 kHz. The systemhas a greater range than its predecessor, Loran A, and alsoprovides considerably more accurate fixes. The area withinthis volume is covered by the Canadian West Coast Chain.

2 For further details see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolume 2.

Radio stations1.47

1 For full details of all the radio stations in the areacovered by this volume see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolume 1(2).

Radio navigational warningsLong range warnings1.48

1 The area covered by this pilot lies within the limits ofNAVAREA XII. Details of warnings and a list of those inforce are issued by the Co-ordinator NAVAREA XII,United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

2 NAVAREA XII Warnings are broadcast through:(a) Guam Radio and Honolulu Radio.(b) SafetyNET (Enhanced Group Calling International

SafetyNET).(c) NAVTEX. Depending upon the area affected,

NAVAREA XII Warnings may also be transmittedthrough NAVTEX.

For details see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolume 3(2).Coastal warnings1.49

1 Coastal warnings issued by National Co-ordinators,covering a region or portion of NAVAREA XII, aretransmitted through national coast radio stations. For fullbroadcast details see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolume 3(2).

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Local warnings1.50

1 Local warnings cover the area within the limits ofjurisdiction of a harbour or port authority and may beissued by those authorities. They may be issued in thenational language only and supplement the coastal warningsby giving information which the ocean-going ship maynormally not require. For full broadcast details seeAdmiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3(2).

Radio weather reports1.51

1 The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) hasestablished a global service for the broadcast of high seasweather warnings and routine weather bulletins, through theEnhanced Group Calling International SafetyNET service.METeorological service AREAS (METAREAS) areidentical to the 16 NAVAREAS within the World-WideNavigational Warning Service (WWNWS).

2 Each METAREA has a designated NationalMeteorological Service responsible for issuing high seasweather warnings and bulletins. The designated authoritiesare not necessarily in the same country as the NAVAREACo-ordinators.

3 Weather warnings and routine bulletins are broadcastthrough:

(a) National coast radio stations.(b) SafetyNET.

For full broadcast details see Admiralty List of RadioSignals Volume 3(2).Local Weather Services1.52

1 Environment Canada Weather Radio and United StatesNOAA Weather Radio provide continuous VHF weatherbroadcast services within the area covered by this pilot. Forbroadcast details see Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolume 3(2).Internet Weather Services1.53

1 Weather information for the area covered by this pilot isavailable through the Internet. For full details see AdmiraltyList of Radio Signals Volume 3(2).MAriner REporting Program (MAREP)1.54

1 The Mariner Reporting Programme (MAREP) is ascheme to give mariners at sea the opportunity to reporttheir local weather conditions and to receive up to dateweather forecasts and warnings.

2 For details on MAREP see Admiralty List of RadioSignals Volume 3(2).

Automatic Identification Systems1.55

1 Details of Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) aregiven in The Mariners Handbook and Admiralty List ofRadio Signals Volume 6(5).

Radio medical advice1.56

1 Mariners can obtain medical advice by radio through theInternational Radio-Medical Centre (CIRM) in Rome.

In US waters, the US Coastguard will respond to DHMEDICO or RADIOMEDICAL messages addressed to itand will provide advice available locally, or will refer themessage to CIRM in Rome.

In Canadian waters, any MCTS Centre will providemedical advice upon request.

For details and further information see Admiralty List ofRadio Signals Volume 1(2).

REGULATIONS

International regulationsInternational Boundary1.57

1 The parallel of latitude 49N, the international boundarybetween Canada and the United States of America, emergesfron the continent at Boundary Bluff. Thence the boundarypasses through Boundary Pass, Haro Strait and Juan deFuca Strait. The approximate route is shown on the charts.

Submarine cables and pipelines1.58

1 Mariners are warned that every care should be taken toavoid anchoring or trawling in the vicinity of submarinecables or pipelines on account of the serious consequenceswhich would result from fouling them. See The MarinersHandbook for information on the International Conventionfor the Protection of Submarine Cables, together withadvice on the action to be taken in the event of fouling acable or pipeline.

Pollution1.59

1 The International Convention for the Prevention ofPollution from Ships 1973 was adopted by the InternationalConference on Marine Pollution convened by IMO in 1973.It was modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating theretoand adopted by the International Conference on TankerSafety and Pollution Prevention convened by IMO in 1978.The convention, as modified by the protocol, is known asMARPOL 73/78.

2 The Convention consists of 6 annexes. Annex I (Oil),Annex II (Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk), Annex III(Harmful Substances carried at Sea in Packaged Form),Annex IV (Sewage from Ships) and Annex V (Garbagefrom Ships) are mandatory; Annex VI (Air Pollution) isoptional.

MARPOL 73/78 and Annexes are described in detail inThe Mariners Handbook.

3 Facilities for the disposal of oily waste, where known,are mentioned under the appropriate port in the body of thebook.

Traffic separation schemes1.60

1 TSSs exist for the Juan de Fuca Strait and approaches,Puget Sound and approaches, Strait of Georgia, JohnstoneStrait, Broughton Strait and off Discovery Island. Theseschemes are shown in magenta on the appropriate chartsand are referred to in the appropriate geographical chaptersof this book. TSSs consist of two types, ones which arecompulsory and ones which are recommended. Theprovisions of Rule 10 of the International Regulations forPreventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 apply but the Canadiancompulsory schemes are further modified by provisions thatfall under the heading Rule 10 Traffic Separation Schemes- Canadian Modifications extracts of which are given inAppendix I.

2 All TSSs are listed in the Annual Summary of AdmiraltyNotices to Mariners, which indicates which schemes havebeen adopted by IMO. In the interests of safe navigationthe Canadian Authorities recommend that traffic should use

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the TSSs, as far as circumstances permit, by day andnight, in all weather conditions. Further information onTSSs is given in IMO publication Ships Routeing and inThe Mariners Handbook.

Vessel Traffic Services1.61

1 See 1.14.

United States of America

United States Coastguard1.62

1 The US Coastguard includes among its duties:Enforcement of the laws of the United States of

America, including those of navigation andneutrality on the high seas and the coastal andinland waters of the United States and itspossessions.

Administration of the Oil Pollution Act.2 Establishment and administration of anchorages.

Inspection and Documentation of vessels.Operation of aids to navigation.Operation of AMVER (Automated Mutual Assistance

Vessel Rescue System).Search and Rescue operations.Publication of Light Lists and Local Notices to

Mariners.3 Coastguard Marine Safety Office. The Coastguard

Marine Safety Office, which combine the functions ofCaptain of the Port and Marine Inspection Office, in thearea of the United States covered by this volume is situatedat the following address:

1519 Alaskan Way South, Seattle, Washington981341192.

4 The US Coastguard maintains a vigilant watch andinspects vessels to ensure pollution and safety regulationsare complied with, and it is necessary to obtain theirpermission in order to carry out activities within a portsuch as tank cleaning, gas freeing, and immobilisation of avessel.

Code of Federal Regulations1.63

1 The United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)governs all marine regulatory requirements and should beconsulted for detailed information on any of the followingsummarised regulations, or any other US FederalRegulation.

Selected extracts from Title 33 CFR are given inAppendices IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X to this volume.

Pollution of the sea1.64

1 Oil and hazardous substances. The Federal WaterPollution Control Act and the Fishery Conservation andManagement Act of 1976, prohibit the discharge of oil orany hazardous substance into any United States waters tothe limits of the Exclusive Economic Zone (200 miles fromthe coast). Any spillage which does occur must be reportedimmediately to the nearest US Coastguard station by radio,or by an established nationwide toll free telephone number,viz.: 18004248802.

2 There are a number of provisions in the act which, ifnot satisfied, means that any vessel bunkering must becompletely surrounded by boom containment equipment;

the high cost of renting such equipment being leviedagainst the vessel.

Chemicals or detergents may not be used to clean up oilspills without the approval of the Coastguard.

3 Vessels are required to have on board, and available forinspection, an International Oil Pollution Certificateverifying compliance with Marpol 73/78 and that all thenecessary equipment is fitted and operational, and also tomaintain an Oil Record Book reporting all oil transfers anddischarges.

4 Garbage and Refuse. Strict regulations apply to thestorage and removal of ships garbage in US TerritorialWaters and US law prohibits the discharge of all types ofrefuse into navigable waters. Liquid sewage may only bedischarged from shore facilities. All garbage must becontained in tight, leak-proof receptacles inside the shipsrail, and must only be removed under the direction of aninspector from the Animal and Plant Health Service.1.65

1 Escort requirements for certain tankers. In accordancewith the US Oil Pollution Act (OPA 90) it is required thatladen single hull tankers of 5000 grt and over must beescorted by at least 2 suitable escort vessels. Thisrequirement applies to those navigable waters of the UnitedStates within Haro Strait, Rosario Strait, the Strait ofGeorgia, Puget Sound, Hood Canal, and that part of Juande Fuca Strait E of New Dungeness Light. For details seeAppendix IX to this volume.

Area to be Avoided1.66

1 An Area to be Avoided has been established off theWashington coast.

2 In order to reduce the risk of marine casualties andresulting pollution damage to the environment of theOlympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, all vessels,including barges carrying cargoes of oil or hazardousmaterials, and all vessels of 1600 grt and over solely intransit should avoid the area bounded by a line connectingthe following points:

3 48233N, 124382W48242N, 124382W48262N, 124447W48262N, 124528W48247N, 124557W47517N, 124155W47077N, 124475W47077N, 124110W

See also the Pacific Coasts of Central America andUnited States Pilot.

4 This Area to be Avoided does not apply to any warship,naval auxiliary, barge (whether towed by a government orcommercial tug), or other vessel owned or operated by acontracting government and used, for the time being, onlyon government non-commercial service.

Reports to the Coastguard1.67

1 United States regulations governing Ports and WaterwaysSafety are published under the Code of Federal Regulations(CFR) and apply within United States waters. Extracts fromthe following are contained in Appendix V:

2 Notice of arrival.Notice of arrival/departure of vessels carrying certain

dangerous cargoes.Notice of hazardous conditions.

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Vessel Arrival Inspections1.68

1 Vessels subject to US Quarantine, Customs, Immigrationand Agricultural Quarantine Inspections generally makearrangements in advance through ships agents. Governmentofficials conducting such inspections are stationed at mostmajor ports. Unless otherwise directed, officials usuallyboard vessels at their berths.

Quarantine and customs1.69

1 Quarantine. All vessels arriving in the United States aresubject to inspection by the Public Health Service. Vesselssubject to routine boarding for quarantine inspection areonly those which have had on board during the 15 daysprior to the date of expected arrival or during the periodsince departure (whichever period of time is the shorter)the occurrence of death or illness amongst passengers orcrew (including those who have disembarked or have beenremoved). The master of a vessel must report suchoccurrences immediately by radio to the quarantine stationat or nearest to the port at which the vessel will arrive. Inaddition, the master of a vessel carrying 13 or morepassengers must report by radio 24 hours before arrival thenumber of cases (including nil) of diarrhoea in passengersand crew recorded in the ships medical log during thecurrent voyage. All cases that occur after the 24 hour reportmust also be reported not less than 4 hours before arrival.

2 An ill person means a person who:Has a temperature of 38C (100F), or greater,

accompanied by a rash, glandular swelling, orjaundice, or which has persisted for more than48 hours; or

Has diarrhoea, defined as the occurrence, in a 24 hourperiod, of three or more loose stools or of agreater than normal (for the person) amount ofloose stools.

3 Any death or illness occurring during a vessels stay in aUS port must be reported immediately to the nearestquarantine station.

Specific public health laws, regulations, policies andprocedures may be obtained by contacting US QuarantineStations, US Consulates, or the Chief Program Operations,Division of Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control,Atlanta, Georgia 30333.

A special signal code, which forms part of theInternational Code of Signals, is given in Admiralty List ofRadio Signals Volume 1(2).

4 Reciprocal quarantine inspection has been arrangedbetween the United States and Canada, whereby vesselsfrom foreign ports, destined for both Continental UnitedStates and Canadian ports within the Juan de Fuca Strait,shall undergo quarantine inspection by the officers of thegovernment at the primary port of arrival, such inspectionbeing sufficient, in ordinary circumstances, for entry at theport of the other government without re-inspection, onpresentation of the necessary documents.

5 Deratting and deratting exemption certificates can beobtained at Seattle.1.70

1 Customs. Vessels are entered and cleared at any port ofentry or customs station so described under an individualport heading. However, entry at a customs station is withprior authorisation only from the Customs Service districtdirector.

2 Yachts of foreign countries having a reciprocalagreements with the United States may be granted cruising

licences, enabling them to cruise in the designated watersof the United States without having to enter and clearformally at each port visited.

Navigation Safety Regulations1.71

1 The general purpose of the United States NavigationSafety regulations is to set a minimum level of navigationalpractice and equipment, so as to reduce the risk of casualtyto vessels, bridges and other structures on or in navigablewaters, or any land structure or shore area immediatelyadjacent to those waters; and to protect the navigablewaters and resources therein from environmental harmresulting from damage to a vessel or structure.

2 The regulations require all self-propelled vessels over1600 tonnes grt navigating in United States waters to carryup-to-date charts, Sailing Directions, Light Lists, TideTables and Tidal Current Tables. United States charts andpublications are not mandatory, provided up-to-date foreigngovernment charts of an adequate scale and foreignpublications containing equivalent information are carried inlieu.

3 In general Admiralty charts and publications, includingAdmiralty Tide Tables which contain Tidal Stream Tableswhere appropriate, meet these requirements but the chartservice does not include cover of all United States portsand their approaches.

The regulations are reproduced in Appendix VII and anup-to-date synopsis of them, with explanatory notes, ispublished in Annual Admiralty Notice to Mariners No 22.

Communication between vessels1.72

1 For information on the United States Bridge-to-BridgeTelephone Act, see Appendix IV.

Regulated Navigation Areas1.73

1 A Regulated Navigation Area, Safety Zone, SecurityZone or a Restricted Waterfront Area may be establishedon the authority of the United States Coastguard.

For descriptions of these areas and zones seeAppendix VIII.1.74

1 Tank vessel navigation restrictions. Tankers larger than125 000 dwt bound for a port or place in the United Statesmay not operate in the regulated navigation area embracedby Puget Sound and adjacent waters. See Appendix VIII.Conservation of Wildlife and Habitat1.75

1 National Wildlife Refuges are clearly marked on UScharts and are closed to the public. A minimum distance of200 yards clearance from the refuge is requested.

Canadian RegulationsCanadian Collision Regulations1.76

1 The International Regulations for Preventing Collisionsat Sea (1972) are modified in Canadian waters by theCanadian Shipping Act-Collision Regulations, seeAppendix I.

Shipping Casualties Reporting Regulations1.77

1 When in Canadian waters, any shipping casualty,accident or dangerous occurrence should be reported byradio to the Transportation Safety Board without delay. As

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soon as possible thereafter a written report should beforwarded. Copies of Shipping Casualties ReportingRegulations may be obtained from any shipping office.

For further details see Canadian Annual Notice toMariners No 31, amended by Canadian Notices toMariners.

Canadian Charts and Nautical PublicationsRegulations1.78

1 Regulations are in force concerning the carriage ofcharts and publications in Canadian waters, seeAppendix II.

A Provisional List of Charts is published in CanadianAnnual Notice to Mariners No 13 which lists the Canadiancharts to be used in any given area together with equivalentAdmiralty charts acceptable under the regulations. Anychart in the list marked REFERENCE may not be used fornavigation in Canadian waters.

2 Annual Summary of Admiralty Notice to Mariners No 21provides an up to date summary of the regulations withexplanatory notes and reprints Canadian Annual NoticeNo 13 giving a brief synopsis.

It must not be assumed that when a Canadian chart isnot quoted, the Admiralty chart which is quoted will meetthe requirements of the Canadian regulations.

Minor Waters of Canada1.79

1 The following sheltered waters are specified as MinorWaters of Canada and in them it is an offence to handle avessel recklessly, or in a manner, or at a speed which isdangerous to navigation, life or limb:

2 Alberni Inlet and the E channel of Barkley Sound asfar W as Bamfield Inlet.

Quatsino Sound and all waters connected therewith asfar W as Koprino Harbour.

False Creek, Vancouver, E of Burrard Bridge.3 Jervis Inlet inside a line drawn between Thunder

Point and Ball Point and all waters connectedtherewith not seaward of Fox Island in TelescopePassage, including Agamemnon Channel andPender Harbour inside a line drawn betweenFearney Point and Moore Point.

Quarantine1.80

1 The Canadian quarantine reporting requirements aregiven in Appendix III.

Customs1.81

1 Reporting requirements. A master or person in chargeof a vessel, upon arriving in Canada from a foreign port,must immediately report to the nearest Custom office. Incase of emergency, and if Customs cannot be immediatelycontacted, then the nearest office of the Royal CanadianMounted Police should be notified. Customs officers alsoassume immigration services and in certain ports representHealth and Welfare Canada in the matter of exemption,extension and issuing of de-ratting certificates.1.82

1 Customs Offices. For customs purposes the followingare ports of entry: Campbell River, Nanaimo, NewWestminster, Port Alberni, Port Hardy, Powell River,Vancouver and Victoria. In addition, where demand justifies

it, customs offices are maintained at a number of smallerports.

Pollution of the sea1.83

1 General information. The attention of mariners isdrawn to the provisions of the Canadian Oil PollutionPrevention Regulations, Garbage Pollution PreventionRegulations and the Pollutant Substances PollutionPrevention Regulations. These regulations, which arestrictly enforced, expressly forbid the discharge from shipsof oil, oily mixtures, garbage or substances, listed in theregulations as pollutants, into Canadian waters or fishingzones.

2 Any discharge or the danger of a discharge of oil, oilymixture, or a pollutant substance must be reported by thequickest means available to a pollution prevention officeror to a steamship inspector.

For further information a copy of the CanadianRegulations should be consulted.

Air pollution regulations. Black smoke emissions byships are not allowed within 1 mile of the Canadian coast.

3 International Convention on Civil Liability for OilPollution Damage 1992 (CLC) requires all vessels coveredby the convention to carry a certificate showing that acontract of insurance, or other security that satisfies therequirements of the 1992 CLC, is in force in respect of theship. It should be noted that the area of application hasbeen extended to include voyages to off-shore terminalswithin the Exclusive Economic Zone and, therefore, therequirements for certification under the 1992 CLC mayinclude ships that may have been exempt under the 1969CLC. A 1992 CLC certificate is required for all sea-goingships carrying, in bulk as cargo, more than 2000 tons(equivalent to 2040 tonnes) of: crude oil; fuel oil; heavydiesel oil; lubricating oil or any other persistenthydrocarbon mineral oil that enters or leaves a port oroff-shore terminal within Canadian waters or the exclusiveeconomic zone of Canada.

4 A certificate can be issued by:(a) the Marine Safety Directorate, Transport Canada

for Canadian vessels.(b) for ships registered in States that are party to the

1992 CLC, by the government of that State.(c) for vessels registered in States that are party to

the 1969 CLC, the 1992 CLC shall be issued byeither: the government of a State that is party tothe 1992 CLC; the government of the flag state orby the Marine Safety Directorate, TransportCanada.

5 (d) for vessels that are registered in States that arenot party to either the 1969 or 1992 CLCconvention: the government of a State that isparty to the 1992 CLC or the Marine SafetyDirectorate, Transport Canada. Application formsand additional information can be obtained fromany Transport Canada Maritime Safety Office.

6 Oil Spill Response. Amendments to the CanadianShipping Act now require oil tankers of over 150 grt andall other vessels of over 400 grt, trading in Canadianwaters, to have in place an arrangement with a certified oilspill response organisation. All such vessels must carry adeclaration naming the spill response organisation alongwith the ships insurer and those persons authorised toimplement the vessels oil pollution emergency plan and theclean up arrangement.

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Dumping at sea1.84

1 Under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act andRegulations a permit is required before dumping at sea,loading for the purpose of dumping at sea, for the disposalof a substance at sea or on ice, or by incineration at sea.Permits are issued on receipt of the appropriate applicationform and fee. For more details mariners should contacttheir ships agent. Heavy fines may be imposed forcontravention of the Act.

2 In the case of an emergency situation the requirementfor a permit is waived but a report must be made in theprescribed form. Emergency situations are deemed to existonly where there is danger to human life at sea or to anyship or aircraft.

Tanker Exclusion Zone1.85

1 A Tanker Exclusion Zone (TEZ) has been established offthe W coast of Canada as a result of the discontinuance ofthe Trans Alaska Pipeline Tanker Routes.

2 The purpose of the TEZ is to keep all laden tankers Wof the zone boundary in an effort to protect the shorelineand coastal waters from unacceptable risk of pollution inthe event of a tanker becoming disabled while in transit.

3 The zone is defined as follows:The Canadian/Alaskan border from the coast to

5400N, 13617W, thence:to 5105N, 13230W, thence:to 4826N, 12614W, thence:to 4828N, 12459W.

Protection of wildlife1.86

1 Conservation of Marine Mammals. The FederalDepartment of Fisheries and Oceans is responsible forensuring the protection and conservation of marinemammals within Canadian waters. The Fisheries Actprohibits any form of harassment of cetaceans, includingrepeated attempts to pursue, disperse, and herd whales, inaddition to any repeated intentional act of negligenceresulting in the disruption of their normal behaviour.Harassing whales may force them away from their habitatat critical times in their annual reproduction and feedingcycles, and might cause them injury.

Marine Parks1.87

1 British Columbias marine parks are intended to provideessential facilities for the boating public. These areasshould be treated as heritage centres and accorded care andrespect.

Closure of ports and Examination Service1.88

1 Closure of port. Should it be necessary for theCanadian Department of National Defence to take controlof certain Canadian ports, the signals described at 1.74 willbe displayed at or near the ports concerned.

Masters of vessels approaching the entrance to acontrolled port should not enter a declared Dangerous Areaor approach boom defences without permission, nor should

they anchor or stop in a Dangerous Area or prohibitedanchorage unless instructed to do so.

2 Masters are advised to communicate with any CanadianGovernment or Port Authority vessel in the area toascertain the recommended approach route to the port.

Examination Services Vessels and Traffic Control Vesselswear the distinguishing flag of the Examination Service andthe Canadian National Flag.

The flag of the Examination Service consists of a flagwith a white and red centre, horizontally divided and ablue border.

1.89 1 If ordered to anchor in an Examination Anchorage,

Masters are warned that it is forbidden, except for thepurpose of avoiding an accident, to act as follows withoutprior permission being obtained from the ExaminationOfficers:

Lower a boat.Communicate with the shore or any other ship.Move the ship.Work cables.Allow any person or thing to leave the ship.

2 Any passenger or member of the crew who hasembarked outside Canada must be examined by theCanadian Immigration Officer before effecting admission toCanada.

Other regulations in force. Nothing in theseprecautionary regulations is to be taken as over-ruling anyregulations issued by local authorities at particular ports, orby routeing authorities of the Canadian Department ofNational Defence. See Marpol Annex 1, Reg. 26.1.90

1 Movement control signals. The following signals maybe displayed from a conspicuous position at or near theports concerned or by an Examination Service or TrafficControl Vessel.

When exhibited by Examination Vessels these signalswill be carried in addition to normal navigation lights:

a) Entrance to the port prohibited.By day.

Three red balls disposed vertically.By night.

Three flashing red lights disposed vertically andvisible all round the horizon.

2 b) Entrance to the port permitted.By day.

No signal.By night.

Three green lights disposed vertically and visible allround the horizon.

3 c) Movement of shipping within the port or anchorageprohibited.

By day.A blue flag.

By night.A red light, green light, red light, disposed vertically

and visible all round the horizon.

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SIGNALS

Canada

Fishing gear1.91

1 The marking of fishing gear in Pacific Coast watersunder Canadian jurisdiction is as follows:

2 a) A gillnet operated from a commercial fishing vesselhas attached to each end of it:

i) by day, a buoy painted iridescent or plain orangeand not less than 125 cm (50 inches) incircumference.

ii) by night, a lantern showing a white light.3 b) A longline used in fishing is marked by a buoy

attached to each end of the line.c) A crab, shrimp or prawn trap, set singly is marked

by a buoy.

Fishing vessels1.92

1 Additional signals for fishing vessels. In Canadianwaters or fishing zones along the Pacific coast additionalsignals are prescribed for a vessel engaged in fishing inclose proximity to another vessel or vessels engaged infishing.

Special visual signals and special sound signals, seeAnnex II of Appendix I to this volume.

Diving operations1.93

1 Areas in which divers are operating are marked bydiving buoys (1.33). A small vessel tending divingoperations displays a rigid replica of the International CodeFlag A indicating that she is unable to keep out of the wayof other vessels.

2 A red flag, with a white diagonal stripe, is frequentlyused to indicate scuba or other diving activity. This flag,despite its general use, is not a substitute for the lights andshapes required under The International Regulations forPreventing Collisions at Sea (1972); however, if sightedvessels should keep well clear and proceed with caution.

Canadian submarines1.94

1 Canadian submarines conform closely to the warningsignals procedure applicable to British submarines. Theirindicator buoys are similar and operate on the samefrequency.

In the event of an accident involving a submarine thenearest naval authority or coast radio station should beinformed immediately.

2 For further information see the Annual Summary ofAdmiralty Notices to Mariners or the Annual Edition ofCanadian Notices to Mariners.

Lights on Canadian warships1.95

1 Mariners are cautioned that warships have beenexempted from the requirement to carry the secondsteaming light prescribed by the International Regulationsfor Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972) and that warships

may exhibit additional lights or signals, these are describedin the Annual Edition of Canadian Notices to Mariners.

Hydrographic and Seismic Survey Vessels1.96

1 An orange buoy, usually attached to the end of thebuoyant cable sensing device, is towed astern of surveyvessels. The buoy displays a white light and carries a radarreflector.

United States of America

Naval vessels1.97

1 Certain types of United States Navy vessels whichcannot comply fully with the requirements as to the numberand positioning of navigation lights, will comply as closelyas possible in accordance with Rule 1 (e) of theInternational Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea(1972). They may also exhibit other lights such as colouredrecognition lights, special coloured flashing lights, orlanding lights for aircraft or helicopters (details are given inthe Annual US Notices to Mariners). When darkenedduring naval manoeuvres, navigation lights will beexhibited temporarily, if possible, on the approach of othershipping.1.98

1 Submarine identification. US Navy submarines areequipped with signal ejectors which may be used to launchidentification signals, including emergency signals. Twogeneral types of signals may be used; smoke floats whichburn on the surface, and parachute flares or stars whichrise to a height of about 100 to 125 m before descending.The colour of the smoke, flare or star has the followingmeaning:

2 Green indicates firing, or simulated firing, of atorpedo.

Yellow indicates that th