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Outline
Program overview Mission data processing and external
interfaces Recent changes Status
This presentation is drawn from published materials by the program and others.
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 3
We’re going a long way …The Historical Context
First Image from TIROS-1 EOS-Aqua MODIS Image-250 m
Saharan Dust off the Canary Islands18 February 2004
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 4
• Provide a national, operational, Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting remote-sensing polar-orbiting remote-sensing capabilitycapability
• Achieve National Performance Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA converging DoD and NOAA satellite programssatellite programs
• Incorporate new technologies Incorporate new technologies from NASAfrom NASA
• Encourage international Encourage international cooperationcooperation
METOP
NPOESS
Specialized Satellites Local Equatorial
Crossing Time
1730
1330
2130
NPOESS
NPOESS
NPOESS Mission
Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 5
DMSP (Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program)
EOS (Earth Observing
System)
NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting
Operational Environmental Satellite System)
Sensor data rate: 1.5 MbpsData latency: 100-150 min.
1.7 Gigabytes per day (DMSP)6.3 Gigabytes per day (POES)
15 Mbps sensor data rateData latency: 100-180 min.Data availability: 98%Ground revisit time: 12 hrs.
2.6 Terabytes per day (EOS)2.4 Terabytes per day (NPP)
20 Mbps sensor data rateData latency: 28 min.Data availability: 99.95%Autonomy capability: 60 daysGround revisit time: 4-6 hrs
8.1 Terabytes per day
POES (Polar Orbiting
Operational Environmental Satellites)
NPP (NPOESS
Preparatory Project)
1960 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2010 – 2020+
NPOESS satisfies evolutionary program needs with enhanced capabilities
The Evolution to NPOESS
NPOESS Management and Requirements Structures
Executive Committee
System ProgramDirector
Associate Director for Acquisition
Associate Director for Technology Transition
Associate Director for Operations
Joint Agency RequirementsCouncil (JARC)• Vice Chairman JCS• NOAA DUS Commerce For Oceans and Atmosphere• NASA Associate Administrator for Earth Science
Senior Users Advisory Group (SUAG)• Chair Rotated Every 2 Years• Reps: DoD, NOAA, & NASA
Joint Agency RequirementsGroup (JARG)
Integrated Program Office
Under Secretary forOceans & Atmosphere
Under Secretary of the Air Force
DeputyAdministrator
User Community and Stakeholders• Define Requirements
Under Secretary of the Air Force replaced Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology & Logistics
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 7
NPOESS Architecture
SDS
NESDISAFWAFNMOCNAVO
C3SegmentC3Segment Field
Terminal SegmentFieldTerminal Segment
GPS
SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD
SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD
TDRSS
LaunchSupportSegment
LaunchSupportSegment MMC at Suitland
Flight Operations Team• Enterprise Management• Mission Management• Satellite Operations• Data Monitoring & Recovery
White Sands ComplexLEO&A Backup T&C
White Sands ComplexLEO&A Backup T&C
A-DCS
SARSAT
HRDField
Terminal
HRDField
Terminal
LRDField
Terminal
LRDField
Terminal
Schriever MMCContingency Operations Team
Data Handling Nodes reside at each Central
15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites Interconnectedby Commercial Fiber
15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites Interconnectedby Commercial Fiber
NPOESS Stored Mission Data Command and Telemetry
Interface Data Processing SegmentInterface Data Processing SegmentOne full set resides in each of the 4 CentralsOne full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals
Data MgtData MgtInfra
IngestIngest
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
TM
LTA
TDRSS
NPP Stored Mission Data
Data MgtData MgtInfra
IngestIngest
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
Data MgtData MgtInfra
IngestIngest
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
Data MgtData MgtInfra
IngestIngest
Proc
ess
Proc
e ss
Data DelData Del
Offline SupportOffline Support
NPP 2230 2130 1330 1730
NPOESSSatellitesResiduals
SpaceSegment
DQMDQM
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 8
4. Process Raw data into EDRs and Deliver to Centrals
Full IDP Capability at each Central NESDIS, AFWA, FNMOC, NAVO
Monitor and Control Satellites and Ground Elements
MMC (Suitland)
Schriever MMC
NPOESS Concept of Operations
1. Sense Phenomena
T
O
B
S
L
A
T
M
L
C
L
FOG
L
R
N
TATM
TSKY
ei
j
2. Downlink Raw Data
Field Terminals SafetyNetTM
Receptors
Ka-bandX and Lbands
3. Transport Data to Centrals for Processing
Global fiber network connects 15 receptors to Centrals
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 10
NPOESS Performance
System Requirement Categories
Data Quality (EDR Attributes)
Data Latency
Data Availability
Operational Availability
SMD/HRD
Interoperability
Data Access (and Autonomy)
SARSAT and A-DCS
Endurance/Survivability
LRD
SMD, 95%
HRD/LRD
Performance vs. Specification
ComplyComply
Exceed 10 years lifeExceed 10 years life
95%@90 min 100%@1528 min
10 min15 min
99.95%100%99%
94.3%95%
93%
ComplyComply
36 attributes above, 557 at, 20 below spec36 attributes above, 557 at, 20 below spec206 attributes above, 799 at, 49 below spec206 attributes above, 799 at, 49 below spec
77%SMD, 15 min
15 min
21.2 min87.9%
99.99%
95.6%
Non-EDR System Requirements 760 requirements at or above, 10 below spec760 requirements at or above, 10 below spec
TRD Threshold TRD ObjectiveSpec
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 11
NPOESS Spacecraft
Spacecraft designed forearth observation missionsSpacecraft designed forearth observation missions
• Large nadir platform for maximum payload accommodation in EELV• Supports AM and PM missions (all LTAN capability)• Optical bench stability• Thermally optimized for science payloads• Highly modular design facilitates rapid launch call-up objective
OverallOverall
• Greater than 7-year life• Robust propulsion system
accommodates end of life controlled de-orbit
• Leverages EOS heritage and experience
Multi-orbit configurablesolar arrayMulti-orbit configurablesolar array
• Adjustable cant angle for multiple nodal crossings
• Array capability: 7.3kW
1330 satelliteshown
Plug and play avionics architecturePlug and play avionics architecture
• Advanced 32-bit architecture• Accommodates 1553, 1394, and unique
sensor interfaces• Accommodates CCSDS• On-board payload data encryption• Autonomous capability satisfies
NPOESS mission requirements
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 12
NPOESS Payload Manifest
Single satellite design with common sensor locations
VIIRSVIIRS
CrISCrIS
ATMSATMS
CMISCMIS
OMPSOMPS
Surv SensorSurv Sensor
SESS/AURORA
SESS/AURORA
A-DCSA-DCS
SARR/SARPSARR/SARP
CERES/ERBS
CERES/ERBS
APS(not on contract)
VIIRSVIIRS
CrISCrIS
ATMSATMS
CMISCMIS
Surv SensorSurv Sensor
ALTALT
A-DCSA-DCS
SARR/SARPSARR/SARP
TSISTSIS
VIIRSVIIRS
CMISCMIS
Surv SensorSurv Sensor
SARR/SARPSARR/SARP
1330 vehicle 1730 vehicle 2130 vehicle
SESS/AURORA
SESS/AURORA
SESS/AURORA
SESS/AURORA
OLI (not on contract)
NPOESS 1330 Configuration
Coincident Advanced Sensors Provide Synergy
Multispectral ImageryFrom VIRRS…
…combined with ATMS/CMISMicrowave EDRs…
…and Altimeter-DerivedOcean Heat Content…
NPOESS
… Supports Improved Tropical Cyclone ForecastAccuracy & Reduced Impact on Maritime Resources
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 15
Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) & Field Terminal Segment (FTS)
SSSS
LSSLSS C3SC3S
IDPSIDPS
Interface Data Processing Segment• Ingest pre-processed SMD• Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs• Perform data quality monitoring• Provide data to Centrals• Provide data records to LTA
Data Processing SoftwareMission Data,
Ancillary Data, Products
Field Terminal Segment• Ingest LRD/HRD data streams• Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs• NPOESS-provided software
HRD, LRDAncillary Data
FTSFTS
Key Architecture Features:• Distributed IDP deployment at centrals• Symmetric processor architecture• Granule size optimization• Load balancing fault management• Complete ancillary data via HRD link• DoD 8500 compliant central interface• Meets interoperability standards (JTA, DII-COE)
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 16
IDPS Architecture
Data Delivery Subsystem
DataFormatting
Production Schedulingand Control
Infrastructure Subsystem
Data ManagementSubsystem
On-LineData Storage
Processing Subsystem
SDR/TDRGeneration
EDRGeneration
Ingest Subsystem
Sensor DataAncillary DataAuxiliary Data
CentralSystems
Long Term
Archive
Science Data
Segment
Command,Control, and
CommunicationsSegment
StoredMission
Data
RawData
RecordsData
Records
Sensor/TempData
Records
RawData
Records
EnvironmentalData
Records
FormattedData
Products
IDPOperator
Data Quality MonitoringSubsystem
GIS Based Visualization and Analysis Toolkit
Data Quality Engineer
FormattedData Products
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 17
FTS Architecture
Field Terminal Segment
External Mission Support Data Server *
• Ancillary Data• TLE• Other support data* Note: User-defined data source
SPE-DPE Interface
Streaming APs
• DPE Software (provided by NPOESS) - ING, PRO, INF, DMS, DDS
Data Processor Element
• DPE Hardware (provided by vendor) - Processing - Storage > Mission Data > Mission Support Data > Static Data
FT Operator
Mission Application Element
• User-defined HDF Product Display• Provides user requests for desired products
FT Operator or User
FT-MSDS Interface(Optional)
DPE-MAE Interface
Product requests & HDF files
Satellite Down Link
Field Terminal Data Flow
Optional FT Data Flow
NPOESS Developed
NPOESS Defined
Optional FT Interfaces
FT Interfaces
Satellite - SPE Interface
Legend
Mission and Ancillary Data(HRD/LRD Downlink)
Satellite-SPE Interface
Signal Processing Element
• Antenna / RF Processing • GPS and Timing• Satellite Scheduler• CCSDS Processing - Mission Data - Mission Support Data - Satellite Pass Storage - TLE Extraction• Decryption
FT Operator
NPOESS / NPP Satellites
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
NPOESS Products Delivered at Multiple Levels
A/D Conversion
Detection
FluxManipulation
Packetization
Compression
FiltrationAux.SensorData
CCSDS (mux, code, frame) & Encrypt
CommXmitter
SE
NS
OR
S
OT
HE
RS
UB
SY
ST
EM
S
Cal.Source
DataStore
ENVIRONMENTALSOURCE
COMPONENTS
SP
AC
E S
EG
ME
NT
RDRProduction
EDRProduction
SDRProduction
EDR Level
SDR Level
RDR Level
IDP
S
CommReceiver
CommProcessing
Delivered Raw
C3S
TDR Level
Source: Goldberg, AGU Fall Meeting 2005
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
Resulting design
Disadvantages
– Inconsistent with heritage operational formats (GRIB, BUFR)
– Limited tools
Advantages
– Flexible; Extensible; Allows compression
– Accessed by API, not format
– Arrays can be addressed either by granule or by file
– Potentially self-documenting
– Handles abstract data types and large files
– BLOBs (e.g., raw data, external files) can be wrapped
File
File Metadata
Arrays
Granule
Granule Metadata
Arrays
Granule
Granule Metadata
Arrays
Granule
Granule Metadata
Source: Goldberg, AGU Fall Meeting 2005
Metadata Object Allocation to Product Documentation
Any xDR Product
File Metadata File unique metadata File common metadata pointers
Granule Metadata
XML Component
File Metadata
Granule Metadata
Granule Details
Data
HDF Component
NPOESSHANDBOOK
(electronic edition)
reference
copy
copy
Source: Goldberg, HDF Workshop 2003
NPOESS e-Handbook Referenced Components
NPOESSHANDBOOK
(electronic edition)
Other Descriptions
Ancillary Data Descriptions
Auxiliary Data Descriptions
Environmental Model Descriptions
EDR Processing Parameters
AlgorithmDescription
Sensor Descriptions
T/SDR Processing Parameters
AlgorithmDescription Platform Descriptions
RDR Processing Parameters
Comm Description
Source: Goldberg, HDF Workshop 2003
23Source: Raytheon Supplier Conference, 10 May 2005
IDPS Development Timeline
2Q20061Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004 1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005 1Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006
1.3 Start BAR Prep
2/19/04
Design CUT Qual
1.3 FIRSTCDW
8/25/04
End of CUT
2/25/05
QualRFRDone9/1/05
1.3 LastCDW
12/15/04
SWIC/SegInt
End of SWIC/Seg Int Tests
6/13/05
WFM
End of WFM CUT
3/22/05
1.4CUT
1.4SWIC
1.4Design
QualDone
5/12/06
Integ-rationDone
3/17/06
End ofCUT
1/11/06CDW
9/14/05BAR
6/22/05
1.4Qual FAT
FATDone
7/26/06
NESDISSATDone
9/29/06
AFWASAT
Done11/15/06
N-SAT
A-SAT
NPOESSPDA
4/15/05
NESDIS HW Install 06/20/06 – 08/02/06AFWA HW Install 07/03/06 – 10/03/06
Time Now
• Joint NPOESS/NASA Risk Reduction and Data Continuity Mission
• VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite • CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder• ATMS - Advanced Technology MW Sounder• OMPS - Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
• Provides lessons learned
• Ground system risk reduction – uses the NPOESS ground system
NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)
Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005
NPP Continues Data Time Series
Ozone
Microwave Sounding
ImagingSpectroradiometer
Thermal Infrared Sounding
2010 20151975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
NIMBUS 7 M3 EP
NOAA 7 N9 N11 N14 N16
NOAA 7 N9 N11 N12 N14 N16
MODIS
TERRA
AQUA
AMSU
AIRS
CrIS
MODIS
OMPS(Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite)
ATMS (Advanced TechnologyMicrowave Sounder)
VIIRS(Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)
CrIS(Cross-track Infrared Sounder)
NPP
NPP
NPP
NPP
NPOESS
NPOESS
NPOESS
NPOESS
AURA
N15-17, AQUA
AQUA
N17OMI
Year
Mea
sure
men
t Sys
tem
Conventional Operations EOS Technology Jump Research Quality Operations
Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005
Transition of Systematic Measurements(EOS NPP NPOESS)
Measurements:
Instruments:
Algorithms:
Processing:
Archive &Distribution:
Standards:
14/24 EOS Measurements
VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS, OMPS, CERES
EDRsIPO funded; Instrument/SSPR contractor teams with OAT oversight
Level 1, selected CDRsNASA funded (via AO process)
EDRs CDRsIDPS (IPO) SDS (NASA)
Mid Term: NOAALong Term: NOAA
IPO/NASA/NOAA led
NPOESS Era
14+ EOS Measurements
VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS, OMPS, ERBS, TSIM, CMIS, GPSOS, SESS, Radar Altimeter, DCS, SARSAT, APS
EDRsIPO funded; Instrument/SSPR contractor teams with OAT oversight
Level 1, selected CDRsTBD
EDRs CDRsIDPS (IPO) TBD
Mid Term: NOAALong Term: NOAA
IPO/NOAA led
EOS Era
24/24 EOS Measurements
MODIS , AIRS, AMSU , HSB, CERES, TOMS, OMI, ACRIM, TSIM, SOLSTICE , HIRDLS, MLS, AMSR, EOSP, SeaWiFS, ASTER, ETM+
NASA funded, PI led teams
EOSDIS / PI Processing(NASA)
Mid Term: EOSIDSLong Term: NOAA (TBR)
NASA led
NPP Era
Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005
White House Direction on Landsat
OLI/NPOESS Mission Advantages
• Transition of Landsat into a truly operational measurement
• Extension of the Landsat data record past 2020
• Leverage of proposed NPOESS infrastructure
• Benefits derived from combining data from OLI with Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Aerosol Polarimeter Sensor (APS):
– Large scale processes of change detected by VIIRS can be more closely analyzed by OLI
– OLI data can be used to better calibrate VIIRS and validate Environmental Data Records (EDRs) derived from VIIRS data conversely VIIRS spectral bands can be used to atmospherically correct OLI data
– Aerosol measurements and corrections can be applied to both sensors– Terra (MODIS sensor) and Landsat 7 results have already demonstrated
the potential of combining data
Operational Land Imaging Plan
• Responsibilities– NASA -- Procure two OLI sensors, science team– NOAA -- Integration, operations, data relay– USGS -- Image planning, data processing, archive and distribution
• Operations concept– USGS provides daily target collection plan– NPOESS
• Builds collection into daily mission plan• Receives playback data at SafetyNetTM sites• Data returned to US and forwarded to USGS
– USGS• Processes, archives, distributes data
Environmental Satellite ProgramOver Budget, Behind Schedule
The U.S. National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) will exceed its $6.9 billion cost estimate by at least 15 percent, and its planners are now considering cutting instruments and satellites in addition to long delays.
“[NPOESS] is so badly broken … we could lose a lot of the climate [components], we could lose instruments,” NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) project scientist Jim Gleason told a committee of the National Research Council of the U.S. National Academies at a 25 October meeting.
The first NPOESS satellite had been scheduled to launch in 2009, but the launch date has been moved tentatively to 2012 and is likely to slip even further, according to Gleason.
However, NPP has suffered its own setbacks, with its launch being moved from October 2006 to April 2008 and now possibly to April 2009.
The main problem affecting NPP has been the difficulty in the engineering and construction of [VIIRS]... Because of the engineering problems that still have to be solved, [VIIRS] currently has no scheduled date for completion, according to Gleason.
NPOESS chief scientist Stephen A. Mango told the NRC committee, “other snags ... are going to lead to significant delays.”
... One cost-cutting option is to … not include every instrument on every satellite, he said…[O]ne of the three orbits … could be filled by the [MetOp] satellites, although this may cause problems with data continuity, according to Jack Kaye, director of the research and analysis program at NASA. At the NRC committee meeting, Kaye called this option “a giant step backwards.”
Canceling the first NPOESS satellite and using NPP to fill that slot—while it still serves as the transition satellite—has also been discussed, according to Gleason. However, NPP carries only four of the 10 instruments planned for NPOESS satellites.
No decisions about any of these options have been made at this point, and Mango hopes to have a better understanding about the future of the project after an NPOESS project planning meeting in December.
Kaye noted, though, “I think, in the end, we are all going to be forced to make decisions we don’t want to make because of the budget issues.”
Excerpts from News article by Sarah Zielinski, Staff Writer, Eos, Vol. 86, No. 45, 8 November 2005
Program Schedule ChangesMilestones As of
Aug 2002 contract award
As of Feb 2004 (rebase-line)
As of Aug 2005
Net change from contract award
Minimum change from rebase-line
Potential data gap
NPP launch May 2006
Oct 2006
Apr 2008
23-month delay
18-month delay
Not applicable
Final POES launch Mar 2008
Mar 2008
Dec 2007
4-month advance
Not applicable
First NPOESS satellite planned for launch
Apr 2009
Nov 2009
Sep 2010
17-month delay
10-month delay
Not applicable
First NPOESS satellite launch if needed to back up the final POES
Mar 2008
Feb 2010
Dec 2010
33-month delay
3-yr data gap if final POES fails on launch
Final DMSP launch Oct 2009
May 2010
Oct 2011
24-month delay
Not applicable
Second NPOESS satellite planned for launch
Jun 2011
Jun 2011
Dec 2011
6-month delay
6-month delay
Not applicable
Source: GAO-06-249T Source: GAO-06-249T, 16 Nov 2005
Program Life Cycle Cost Changes
As of Life cycle cost estimate Life cycle range
July 2002 $6.5 billion 1995-2018
July 2003 $7.0 billion 1995-2018
September 2004 $8.1 billion 1995-2020
November 2005 To be determined To be determined
Source: GAO-06-249T, 16 Nov 2005
“Over the past several years, the NPOESS program has experienced continued schedule delays, cost increases, and technical challenges. The schedule for the launch of the first satellite has been delayed by at least 17 months (until September 2010 at the earliest), and this delay could result in a gap in satellite coverage of at least 3 years if the last satellite in the prior satellite fails to launch. Program life cycle cost estimates have grown from $6.5 billion in 2002 to $8.1 billion in 2004 and are still growing. … bringing the life cycle cost estimate to about $9.7 billion. Technical risks in developing key sensors continue, and could lead to further cost increases and schedule delays.”