NRC vs OSHAWho’s in charge?

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History

• Atomic Energy Commission– Established WW II– Transferred to civilian control 1946/7– Atomic Energy Act Amendment 1954

• Nuclear Regulatory Commission– Energy Reorganization Act 1974– Opened 1975– Energy Reorganization Act 1974

• Department of Energy

Between the Cracks

Chapters of RAD-010• 1-Occupational Radiation

Protection• 2-Generic Rad Protection

Controls• 3-Gamma Radiography• 4-X-Radiography• 5-Shore RADIAC Repair• 6-RAM Removal Programs• 7-Radioactive Commodities

• 8-Broad Scope Permits• 9-Other Machines

– Electron Accelerators– E-Beam Welders (mt)– Klystron & CRTs (mt)– Analytical X-Ray Equip

• 10-Source Material• 11-SNM• 12-Other

Between the Cracks

• 56Co

• 210Pb

www.pasco.com

www.deqtech/SpectrumTechnologies

By-Product Material

• Material made radioactive incident to or yielded in the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material

• Wastes or tailings produced during extraction of uranium or thorium from any ore that is being processes primarily for its source material content.

Z Backscatter VanAmerican Science and Engineering

http://www.as-e.com/american_science_and_engineering/index.asp

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Energy Policy Act of 2005

• General Provisions– “Innovative technologies” to reduce greenhouse– Increased ethanol content of gasoline

• Tax Reductions to energy-related companies• Change to daylight savings time• Commercial building deduction energy systems• Energy Management

– Lowered lighting standards

• Adds new regulations for– Accelerator Produced Radioactive Material– Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material

Uses of Accelerators

• Television• Medical Therapy• Research & Materials Analysis• Non-Invasive Security Assessment• Radionuclide Production• High-Energy and Nuclear Physics Studies

Special Purpose AcceleratorsCATEGORY OF ACCELERATOR NUMBER IN USE

High Energy (>1 GeV) ~120

Synchrotron Radiation Sources >100

Medical Isotope Production ~200

Radiotherapy >7500

Research, including biomedical ~1000

Industrial Processing & Research ~1500

Ion Implanters, Surface Modification >7500

TOTAL >17,500

Accelerator Hazards

• Electrical Hazards• Control of Hazardous Energy (lockout/tagout)• Egress and Fire Protection• Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres & Confined Spaces• Lasers• Ionizing Radiation• Non-Ionizing Radiation Hazards

Jurisdiction• OSHA

– Misc Occ Safety & Health issues related to operation– Incidental RAM– Employee exposure: x-ray equipment, electron microscopes,

accelerators– OS&H not regulated by other Fed agencies

• NRC– Licensing nuclear facilities– Hazards in those facilities– Conditions in those facilities– “By-product material”

• DOE

NRC Accelerator Types

• Accelerators operated intentionally to produce radioactive material

• Accelerators that are operated to produce particle beams

• Accelerators operated to produce both

EPAct2005: NRC does not regulate “incidental RAM” does not regulate possession or operation of particle accelerators

References

• Energy Policy Act of 2005• Federal Register Oct 1 2007

– http://nrc-stp.ornl.gov/narmtoolbox/finalnarmrule.pdf

• OSHA SHIB 07-31-2009– http://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib073109.pdf

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