NREL Overview

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC

NREL Overview

Robert J. NounExecutive DirectorCommunications & External Affairs

January 30, 2009

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

Energy Solutions are Enormously Challenging

Economic

Productivity

Environmental

Impact

Vulnerability

Or Opportunity

Energy

Security• Secure supply

• Reliability

• Global financial crisis

• Carbon mitigation

• Land and water use

Must address all three imperatives

Achieving a Sustainable Energy Economy

Requires: A National Energy Grand Challenge*

* Preliminary Recommendations of the National Science Board Task Force on Sustainable Energy

Lead Globally Encourage Consumer

Decisionmaking

Use Federal

Market Power

Forge Essential

Policies

Investment in RD3E Support Education and

Workforce Development

Inform Decisionmaking

Getting to “Speed and Scale” –Key Challenges

Implementing Renewable Gigawatts at Scale

Reducing Energy Demand of Buildings, Vehicles, and Industry

•Cost

•Reliability

•Infrastructure

•Dispatchability

•Coordinated implementation

•Valuing efficiency

•Cost

•Performance and reliability

Displacement of Petroleum-Based Fuels•

Cost

•Life cycle sustainability

•Fuels infrastructure

•Demand and utilization


BARRIERSBARRIERS

BARRIERSBARRIERS

BARRIERSBARRIERS

President Obama on Renewable Energy

• Invest $150B in alternative energy over 10 years

• Double production of alternative energy in three years

• Upgrade the efficiency of more than 75% of federal buildings and two million private homes

• Create Jobs with Clean, Efficient, American Energy = $54B

• Transforming Our Economy with Science and Technology = $16B


Technology Options Are Evolving W

ind

& W

ater

So

lar

Bio

fuel

s

Geo

ther

mal


Harvesting Past InvestmentsFirst Generation Technology

Sources: Chalk, AWEA, IEA, NREL, EIA, GEA

U.S. Renewable Electricity Installed Nameplate Capacity


Technology Innovation Challenges RemainThe Next Generation• Wind Turbines

– Improve energy capture by 30%– Decrease costs by 25%

• Biofuels– New feedstocks– Integrated biorefineries

• Solar Systems– Improved performance through, new

materials, lower cost manufacturing processes, concentration

– Nanostructures

• Zero Energy Buildings– Building systems integration– Computerized building energy

optimization tools


Achieving the Potential RequiresA Balanced Portfolio


Systems Biology

Computational Science

Photoconversion

Translational Science is Key to Speed and Scale

Connecting new discoveries, via applied research,to the marketplace


Managing the Lab-to-Market Interface

• Partner with industry, universities, other federal agencies, international community and state/local governments to deploy clean energy solutions

– Hawaii training, DuPont CRADA, Xcel/SolarTAC

• Contribute timely and definitive analyses on technology, policy, and market issues that impact commercialization

• Provide investment community with credible information (industry growth forums)


Technology Development Programs

Efficient Energy Use• Vehicle

Technologies• Building

Technologies• Industrial

Technologies

Energy Delivery and Storage

• Electricity Transmission and Distribution

• Alternative Fuels

• Hydrogen Delivery and Storage

Renewable Resources

• Wind and water

• Solar

• Biomass

• Geothermal

NR

EL

R&

D P

ortf

olio

Foundational Science and Advanced Analytics


NREL FY2008 Program PortfolioActual $328.3 Million

Updated October 2008

Solar $72.4M

Wind $33.9M

Bioenergy $35.4M

Hydrogen $28.4MVehicle Technologies $19.3MBuildings $11.1M

FEMP $4.6M

WFO $18.7M

Other DOE $7.6M

Basic Sciences $13.5M

Facilities and Infrastructure $76.2M

Weatherization $3.4M

Transmission and Distribution $1.9M

Geothermal $1.9M

NREL Funding and Staffing

14


NREL: Leadership by Example

TEAM Initiative– DOE's effort to maximize energy efficiency and renewable energy generation

across the DOE complex

Science and Technology Facility achieves LEED ‘Platinum’– First Federal building

NREL Site is “Carbon Neutral” – Onsite renewables (Mesa Top and NWTC PV) – Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) purchases

Renewable Fuel Heating Plant– Will offset 75% of current South Table Mountain campus natural gas use

(significant on-site RE project)– Financed and installed through Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC)

Energy Policy Act and Executive Order Requirements– Currently exceeding EPAct requirements– Meet or exceed new Executive Order requirements

Vehicle Fleet– 48 vehicles, 34 (71%) are alternatively fueled– Fleet petroleum reduced ~45% since 2000


CALIFORNIA

Market Growth is Enabled by Progressive Public Policy

JAPAN


State Policy Framework

Source: DSIRE database, March 2008

Renewable Portfolio Standards


Wind

Long Term Potential• 20% of the nation’s electricity supply

Today’s Status in U.S.• 22,820 MW installed capacity• Cost 6-9¢/kWh at good wind sites*

DOE Cost Goals• 3.6¢/kWh, onshore at low wind sites

by 2012• 7¢/kWh, offshore in shallow water by

2014

* With no Production Tax CreditUpdated December 8, 2008Source: U.S. Department of Energy, American Wind Energy Association


Wind

Source: Megavind Report Denmark’s future as leading centre of competence within the field of wind power

NREL Research Thrusts• Improved performance and reliability• Advanced rotor development• Utility grid integration


Solar – Photovoltaics and CSP

Status in U.S.

PV• 1,000 MW installed capacity• Cost 18-23¢/kWh

CSP• 419 MW installed capacity• Cost 12¢/kWh

Potential:

PV• 11-18¢/kWh by 2010• 5-10 ¢/kWh by 2015

CSP8.5 ¢/kWh by 20106 ¢/kWh by 2015

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, IEAUpdated January 5, 2009

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future8.22-megawatt Alamosa, Colo., PV solar plant

NREL Research ThrustsNREL Research Thrusts

• PVPV– Higher performance cells/modules Higher performance cells/modules – New nanomaterials applicationsNew nanomaterials applications– Advanced manufacturing techniquesAdvanced manufacturing techniques

• CSPCSP– Low cost high performance storage for Low cost high performance storage for

baseload marketsbaseload markets– Advanced absorbers, reflectors, and heat Advanced absorbers, reflectors, and heat

transfer fluidstransfer fluids– Next generation solar concentratorsNext generation solar concentrators


Buildings

Status U.S. Buildings:• 39% of primary energy• 71% of electricity• 38% of carbon emissions

DOE Goal:• Cost effective, marketable zero energy

buildings by 2025• Value of energy savings exceeds cost of

energy features on a cash flow basis

NREL Research Thrusts• Whole building systems integration of

efficiency and renewable features• Computerized building energy optimization

tools• Advanced HVAC and envelope technologies• Building integrated PV

April 10, 2008


Geothermal

Today’s Status in U.S.• 2,800 MWe installed, 500 MWe

new contracts, 3000 MWe under development

• Cost 5-8¢/kWh with no PTC• Capacity factor typically > 90%,

base load power

DOE Cost Goals:• <5¢/kWh, for typical

hydrothermal sites • 5¢/kWh, for enhanced

geothermal systems with mature technology

Long Term Potential:• Recent MIT Analysis shows

potential for 100,000 MW installedEnhanced Geothermal Power systemsby 2050, cost-competitive with coal-powered generation

NREL Research Thrusts:• Analysis to define the technology path to

commercialization of Enhanced Geothermal Systems

• Low temperature conversion cycles• Better performing, lower cost components• Innovative materialsApril 10, 2008


Biopower

Biopower status in U.S.• 2007 capacity – 10.5 GWe

– 5 GW Pulp and Paper– 2 GW Dedicated Biomass– 3 GW MSW and Landfill Gas– 0.5 GW Cofiring

• 2004 Generation – 68.5 TWh• Cost – 8-10¢/kWh

Potential• Cost – 4-6¢/kWh (integrated

gasification combined cycle)• 2030 – 160 TWh (net electricity

exported to grid from integrated 60 billion gal/yr biorefinery industry)

April 10, 2008


Biofuels

Current Biofuels Status in U.S.• Biodiesel – 165 companies; 1.85 billion gallons/yr capacity1

• Corn ethanol• 134 commercial plants2

• 7.2 billion gal/yr. capacity2

• Additional 6.2 billion gal/yr planned or under construction• Cellulosic ethanol (current technology)

• Projected commercial cost ~$3.50/gge

Key DOE Goals• 2012 goal: cellulosic ethanol $1.31/ETOH gallon or ~$1.96/gge• 2022 goal: 36B gal Renewable Fuel; 21B gal “Advanced Renewable

Fuel”– 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act• 2030 goal: 60 billion gal ethanol (30% of 2004 gasoline)

NREL Research Thrusts• The biorefinery and cellulosic ethanol • Solutions to under-utilized waste residues• Energy crops

Updated February 2008Sources: 1- National Biodiesel Board2 - Renewable Fuels Association, all other information based on DOE and USDA sources


Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)

Status:• PHEV-only conversion

vehicles available• OEMS building prototypes• NREL PHEV Test Bed

Key Challenges• Energy storage – life and

cost• Utility impacts• Vehicle cost• Recharging locations• Tailpipe emissions/cold

starts• Cabin heating/cooling• ~33% put cars in garage

NREL Research Thrusts• Energy storage• Advanced power electronics• Vehicle ancillary loads reduction• Vehicle thermal management• Utility interconnection• Vehicle-to-grid


Renewable Electricity at Scale

Focus on Key Barriers

Grid integration/Interconnection Technology

Reliable Operation at High Penetration

Grid Simulator

Load Simulators

Synchronous Generators

PV Array

3 A

C B

use

s

Utility Grid

Battery Banks

3 DC Buses

Inverters

Fuel Cells

Electrolyzer

Microturbines

Wind Turbines


An Integrated Approach is Required

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy FutureOperated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC

Visit us online at www.nrel.gov

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NREL Overview

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