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NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

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The Value of Current Knowledge – A Case Study of the Forest Products Industry Water Profile Canadian Water Summit June 17, 2010 (Toronto, ON) Kirsten Vice Vice President, NCASI ncas i
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Page 1: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

The Value of Current Knowledge – A Case Study of the Forest Products

Industry Water Profile

Canadian Water Summit

June 17, 2010 (Toronto, ON)

Kirsten ViceVice President, NCASI

ncasi

Page 2: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Motivation• Access to water

increasingly controlled• FPI large user of fresh

water• Information gaps for

stakeholders• Water Profiles provide

holistic overview of interconnections between water resources and forest products industry operations

Page 3: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Elements of Water Profile • Forest and Forest Management

• P&P and WP Manufacturing

• Effects of Effluents

on the Ecology of Surface Waters

Page 4: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Canadian Industry Water Profile

Page 5: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Forest and Forest Management• Forest and Forest Management The Challenge: to estimate the

relationship between forest management areas and water resources (precipitation and hydrology) across a vast landscape.

Page 6: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Forest and Forest ManagementTriton Brook (2005)

0

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month

mm

Runoff

Precipitation

Catamaran Brook (1999)

0

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month

mm

Runoff

Precipitation

Hayward Brook (1996)

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mm

Runoff

Precipitation

REVEW (2000)

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mm

Runoff

Precipitation

Experimental Lakes (1975)

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Precipitation

Upper Penticton (2000)

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mm

Runoff

Precipitation

Malcolm Knapp Research Forest (2000)

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Precipitation

Carnation Creek (1998)

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Stuart-Takla (2000)

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Page 7: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Forest Management ElementsPrecipitation – all water thatenters the system not lost toimmediate evaporation

- Rainfall

Page 8: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Forest Management ElementsPrecipitation – all water thatenters the system not lost toimmediate evaporation.

- Rainfall- Fog interception

Page 9: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Forest Management ElementsPrecipitation – all water thatenters the system not lost toimmediate evaporation.

- Rainfall- Fog interception- Snow (and melt)

Page 10: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Forest Management ElementsPrecipitation – all water thatenters the system not lost toimmediate evaporation.

- Rainfall- Fog interception- Snow (and melt)

Runoff – all water thatleaves the system via surfaceor subsurface flow

Assumes constant water-table

Page 11: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Forest Management ElementsPrecipitation – all water thatenters the system not lost toimmediate evaporation.

- Rainfall- Fog interception- Snow (and melt)

Runoff – all water thatleaves the system via surfaceor subsurface flow.

AET

Annual Evapotranspiration –calculated by subtractingrunoff from total precipitation

AET = Precipitation - Runoff

Page 12: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Forest and Forest ManagementAssumptions: an ecozone-based approach

• Majority (>98%) of forestry occurs in nine ecozones (probably)

• Forested areas are unequally distributed among ecozones (true)

• Forestry operations are equally distributed among forested areas within ecozones (untrue – Boreal Shield has ~50% of forestry operations)

• Mean precipitation levels can be estimated across entire ecozones (??)

Page 13: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Forest and Forest Management

Element Million m3

Precipitation on managed forest areas

1 350 000

Runoff from managed forest areas

670 000

Evapotranspiration 680 000

Page 14: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Manufacturing Element: Concepts

• Water consumption: Portion of water removed from a water source that is not immediately returned to the water source (e.g., evaporative losses)

Water Source

Water Intake (WI)

Manufacturing

Final Effluent (FE)

Water in Final Product(WFP)

Water in Residuals

(WR)

Water in Raw Materials (WRM)

Water in Purchased Chemicals (WCH)

Water Evaporated (WE)

• Water use: Total amount of water used for process and cooling needs

Page 15: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Approach• Pulp & Paper – Perform mass balance calculations

on a mill-by-mill basis• Ideally: Generate independent estimates of water

imports and exports (lack of data).• Pragmatically: Use available data and estimated data to

estimate water withdrawals. This requires the use of an iterative calculation procedure for closing the water balance.

• Wood Products – Undertake typical wood mass balances per wood product sub-category and typical moisture contents• Reasonable: Water use is <1% of that at P&P facilities

Page 16: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Water Profile for Manufacturing (2007)(million m3 per year)

Non-fiberRaw Material

Forests

water in wood

ManufacturingProducts

to surfacewater cycle

to groundwater cycle

evaporation

other waterinputs

recycle

evaporation

water inproducts

disposalwater insolid residuals

groundwatersurfacewater

131.9

2.34

14.834.661,793.9 0 231.5

19.89

1.74

31.8

1,8822.47

Wood products recovered0.84

• 87.5% water inputs are returned to surface water

cycle

• 11.2% water inputs are

evaporated• 1.3% water inputs

are imparted to residuals and

product

• 93.4% water inputs is from surface and

ground water

Page 17: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

Water Profile for the Canadian Industry (2007)(million m3 per year)

Non-fiberRaw Material

Forestsprecipitation

evapotranspiration

surface water runoff andgroundwater recharge

water in wood

ManufacturingProducts

to surfacewater cycle

to groundwater cycle

evaporation

other waterinputs

recycle

evaporation

water inproducts

disposalwater insolid residuals

water resource cycle

groundwatersurfacewater

131.9

2.34

14.834.661,793.9 0 231.5

19.89

1.74

31.8

1,882

1,350,000

2.47

670,000

680,000

Wood products recovered0.84

• FPI water use ~ 0.3% of total stream flow produced by

managed forests

Page 18: NRTEE: Kirsten Vice

The Value of Current Knowledge –Opportunities and Limitations

• Breadth of forestry across Canada necessitates assumptions– Local or regional estimates will always be more

accurate

• Water consumption only roughly 10% of water use for P&P manufacturing– Site-specific calculations optimal– Process-specific knowledge required– Balance can be struck between measurement

devices & engineering estimation


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