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Demography and Growth of Nasik

INTRODUCTION

Nasik is an important city of Maharashtra, economically and socially the most

advanced state in India. Geographical proximity to Mumbai (Economic capital of

India has influenced its gro!th in post independence years. "evelopments of

past t!o decades have completely transformed this traditional pilgrimage centre

into a vibrant modern metropolis and Nasik is poised to become a metropolis !ith

global links. Ne! Nasik has emerged out of the dreams, hard !ork and

enterprising spirit of local and migrant people.

"evelopment of multiple economic activities in and around Nasik has this

common theme of people#s initiative and actions, spirit of constant learning and

innovating through experiences of regional, national and global sources and

experimentation. $he spirit of adventure can be traced to the mythology of %ord

&ama !ho chose the riverbanks of Godavari, the present Nasik, as his home in

exile. Nasik thus became a city of pilgrimage and ac'uired the status of enaras

of )outh India.

Global connections of Nasik have been traced back to second century *.

+rchaeologists have established its links to &oman Empire through trade.

uddhist stonecut caves dated -/ * and *hamar caves of the 0ain period still

attract large number of visitors. Muslim, Maratha and ritish rulers governed this

city in last /11 years. Each period left its cultural and architectural imprints on the

city fabric. +dditions of modern activities and

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functions to the city has not undermined the traditional role of Nasik as pilgrimage

centre but old built form is rapidly decaying and is getting consumed in the

commercialisation.

$his paper studies the gro!th of Nasik and its surrounding region based on

industrialisation. It also considers the city gro!th in relation to the process of

urbanisation, changing trends and patterns of settlements of Indian subcontinent.

Globalisation based on ne! technological developments !ill have a great bearing

on the future course of urban development and its significance for Indian people.

*oncepts like formation of Global village !ill have revolutionary impacts on the

human society. I am tempted to name this as period of Globalayan, a period of

transformation of !orld into a global village !hereby cities like Nasik !ill have a

greater role to play.

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Nasik and Surrounding Village Settlements Before 1882

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Nasik efore -99:

Nasik is located on the nine peaks of "eccan plateau. &iver Godavari flo!s

through the centre of the *ity. $he left bank area, kno!n as ;anchavati, is

believed to be the land chosen by %ord &ama for his stay in exile. $here are a

number of temples and a cave supposed to have been used by )ita, !ife of %ord

&ama. $apovan, a small forest area for meditation is located nearby. $raditionally

the families staying in this part of city are engaged in religious activities.

Muslim population settled on the right bank of Godavari, !hen Nasik came under

Muslim rule in -e !ith !alled

enclosure !as constructed by the Muslim &ulers. ;rior to Muslim occupation of

the city there !ere as many as :11 large and small temples on both the banks of

river Godavari. $hese temples used to be busy !ith religious activities throughout

the day all round the year. "uring Muslim rule, they lost their glory and !ere

slo!ly transformed into ruins. 5et Nasik held on to its position as an important

pilgrimage centre for 4indus.

;eshavas from ;une !on control of Nasik in the -th century. $hey took keen

interest in the renovation and development of Nasik city. $hey invited various

craftsmen to construct temples and buildings. $hey encouraged traders to settle

and start business in Nasik. $he city flourished during this period. Many old

temples in ruin !ere renovated !ith large donations from the trading community

and the rulers. Ne! temple complexes !ere constructed in --9 century in Nasik

and its surrounding villages such as $rimbakes!ar, *handvad, )innar and

+n?aneri that are !ithin :1 km radius. %arge residential buildings called 3adas

(houses !ith courtyards including those for the ;eshava !ere constructed. Most

of the ne! development of this period took place on the &ight ank of the river.

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+fter prolonged fights in the region, the ritish occupied Nasik to!ards the second

decade of -@ century. In -9-9, the Nasik district area completely came under

ritish rule. In next fe! decades $he ritish &ule !as consolidated. )ubse'uently

ne! administration based on ritish model !as successfully implemented in the

district.

Nasik !as given the status of a to!n and municipal council !as established in

-9=/. Even in this period Nasik continued to be a religious centre. rahmin

community of Nasik !as very influential. $he ritish administration on many

occassions had to bo! to the !ishes of rahmin community. *onstruction of

&ail!ay line ?oining Mumbai !as the most significant development of the -@

century. ut rahmins opposed its entry into Nasik city on religious grounds.

6inally the rail!ay line !as realigned to a distance of -1 km from city and the

station !as named as Nasik &oad (-9=/A 4o!ever resistance to the construction

of a bridge across &iver Godavari !as successfully defused. $ram !as another

addition to the city, !hich became necessary due to the distance bet!een city

and &ail!ay station. 4igh!ay connecting Mumbai to North India passing through

Nasik !as constructed replacing earlier ullock cart track.

In -99: Nasik !as appointed !ith a local selfgovernment by enactment of

municipal la! by the ritish rule. $he author considers 4istory of modern Nasik to

start from this year.

Nasik after -99:

%ast decade of -@th century and first fifty years of :1th century !ere turbulent. +ll

countries of the !orld !ere affected by the events of this period such as !orld

!ars, economic upheavals etc. Brbanisation in India based on industrial

production had started in the late ritish period. ;ort to!ns like *alcutta, Mumbai,

*hennai (Madras became first industrial to!ns. ;opulation of these cities gre!

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rapidly due to the multiple economic activities but the progress of urbanisation in

this period !as not steady. In the first half of this century, epidemics like plague

(-@--, Influen>a (-@-9 and the first 3orld 3ar (-@-C-9 and great !orld

economic depression of -@

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variety in types of grapes, the production !as limited in volume and its

contribution to economy !as insignificant.

Expansion of Nasik

;opulation reached /:111 (-@C- mainly due to migration of people to Nasik.

$raditionally migrants al!ays settled on the &ight ank of &iver Godavari. $hey

occupied land tracks on the periphery of the development during the last ;eshava

period. $raditional ;anchavati area of Nasik carried out its religious functions

'uite insulated from ne! developing areas.

)ettlement pattern of this ne! area development !as based on the ritish

planning principles. &oad connecting Nasik to Mumbai became the ne! focal

point of city !ith its ne! imposing stone structures constructed in neo gothic style,

set back from roads and providing tree lined avenues in the administrative area.

$he ritish residential 'uarters !ere large bungalo!s set in landscaped gardens,

located a!ay from office areas. uildings for "istrict *ourt, *ollector offices,

;olice head'uarters and large buildings housing !ar offices and to!n hall !ere

part of the administrative complex. Indian professionals like la!yers, doctors,

administrators and neo rich planned their residential area near this administrative

complex. )mart residences in art deco style, !hich !ere popular in Europe,

appeared in the city. ritish rule introduced formal education and many schools

!ere constructed. *losely packed buildings, narro! streets and multiple d!ellings

dominated the traditional settlement. ungalo!s !ith gardens, set back from the

streets became popular in the ne! residential developments. &esidents of ne!

settlement !ere influenced by ritish education. $hey !ere conscious of Modern

*ity development. $his ne! class of people !as active and influential in political

and social movements of the period. $hey had close contacts !ith cities like

Mumbai, ;une and the outside !orld. $his area later became the centre of

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political movement and independence struggle. "irection of gro!th a!ay from the

old city to!ards Mumbai and ;une is symbolic. $he gro!th of city in this direction

continued even after independence.

3ith the establishment of the ritish rule came the diverse cultural and religious

groups of people. $he ;arsees, $he *hristians, and 4indus from cities like

Mumbai and ;une contributed to the gro!th. Ma?or cultural addition !as that of

English language through the introduction of formal education. $he Irani

(;arsees restaurants became attractive ne! meeting places. read and bakery

products introduced by them became very famous. Missionaries constructed

churches on the periphery of the city. + public Garden called 0ackson Garden

!as introduced. *ultural diversity of migrant population made the city change its

basic attitudes. It contributed by expanding the cultural experiences of people and

making them a!are of ne! ideas, philosophies, languages, cultures and religions,

opening up ne! opportunities for interactions and change.

Idea of independent democratic India also !as nurtured in this period and

environment. Nasik played a ma?or part during the Independence movement. It

had its share of glorious fights against ritish &ulers. 2iolent events like

assassinations as !ell as peaceful encounters of the period have proud place in

the 4istory of Nasik. "uring the )truggle for Independence, Nasik and Nasik

&oad became famous due to the central 0ails !here hundreds of freedom fighters

and national leaders including 0a!aharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi !ere held

prisoners.

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;opulation

;opulation of the then Nasik recorded the highest ever gro!th rate bet!een -@C-

/-. Gro!th rate of 9/ in this decade took the total population figure to nearly a

-11,111. $his gro!th !as the result of partition of India. ;opulation gro!th rate

started rising steadily after -@=- and Nasik recorded more than the average

gro!th rate for India in t!o decades, bet!een -@-@-. In -@9: the city limit !as

expanded and Nasik ac'uired the status of Metropolitan *ity !ith a population of

C

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people !ho have returned from other countries after a lifetime career to settle in

Nasik thus reestablishing old links !ith the country and their families. +ll these

people !ith their kno!ledge in diverse fields are contributing to the ne! emerging

cityscape. 3ith migration, the composition and culture is rapidly changing.

*ity oundaries

$he gro!th in population necessitated the expansion of city boundary from time totime to help provide and extend urban services to the people occupying the

peripheral villages and make more land available for urban population.

In -99- the then Nasik to!n area !as ?ust / s'. miles (-< s'. km.

6irst expansion in -@

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$his increase in the area !orks out to :: times in one hundred years. $he

population gre!

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Industriali>ation of Nasik *ity and "istrict

Independent India had a grand industrial development agenda. )cience,

technology and industrial production !as given a priority in the development

strategy. ;olicy frame!ork devised by ;andit 0a!aharlal Nehru !as the driving

force. efore independence, India had very fe! industries using modern

technology for producing goods. *olonial rule had restricted industrial gro!th.

Most of the population (@1 residing in rural India !as poor and the pressure on

agriculture !as unsustainable. Industrialisation on large scale based on modern

technology, !hich had brought material !ealth in !estern countries, !as seen as

a remedy. arring a fe! ports like *alcutta, Madras and Mumbai, modern

industrial culture !as totally absent. Government planned large public sector

industries for production of basic goods. ;olicy of decentralisation of Industrial

investment !as promoted for balanced urban gro!th. ut private capital

investments !ere limited to existing metropolises and larger to!ns as the

infrastructure for industries !as inade'uate in other areas. *entral and state

Governments devised policies for creating ne! industrial gro!th centres. &esults

of all these policies are no! seen in the case of cities like Nasik.

)ome people of Nasik shared this dream and started !orking to!ards the

industrialisation of Nasik. $hese people !ere mostly those !ho had participated in

the freedom struggle. Initiative and efforts of such people resulted in the

Government acceptance of the proposal for an industrial estate in Nasik. 6irst

industrial estate NI*E (Nasik Industrial *ooperative Estate !as formed in the

cooperative sector in -@=:. In the same year, Maharashtra )tate government

also responded by declaring MI"* (Maharashtra Industrial "evelopment

*orporation Industrial Estate at )atpur village, km from Nasik. 4industan

+eronautics %imited established unit for production of MIG fighters at 7>ar, a

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village :1 km from Nasik. $his production facility in public sector !as established

in collaboration !ith the then B.).).& in -@=C. In -@= )I*7M ()tate Investment

*orporation of Maharashtra adapted Nasik as its gro!th centre. +ll these events

brought Nasik on the industrial map of India.

6orming an industrial estate !as one thing and attracting investments another.

NI*E had to undertake the arduous task of attracting entrepreneurs. %ocal

residents, traders and professionals, having no experience in industrial production

!ere convinced and pursued to put money in ne! ventures. In -@=1 )atpur !as a

small village !ithout even a post office, telephone or electricity. *onstructing

buildings, roads and other infrastructure proved a 4erculean task for the

pioneering entrepreneurs. Next on the agenda of NI*E !as an effort to attract

large private sector investment preferably !ith international collaboration. NI*E

!as re!arded in its efforts !hen MI*7 (German multinational and + ()!edish

multinational established their production units. $he industry that came to Nasik

!as mostly engineering, electrical and pharmaceutical.

)atpur Industrial +rea became fully functional in -@1s and soon all the plots

!ere taken up by small, medium and large enterprises. $hermal po!er plant at

Eklahra near Nasik &oad greatly contributed to the po!er demand of industries.

$he success of )atpur MI"*, created demand for additional Industrial plots. In

-@91 MI"* declared second industrial estate at +mbad, a village located on

MumbaiNasik road, -1 km from Nasik. +ll plots in this industrial area are

occupied today. NI*E has also developed special plots for 3omen#s cooperative

and a building !ith small !orkshops for !omen entrepreneurs. )pecial premises

are also donated for the training and production facilities for mentally

handicapped persons. *ooperation and support of industry to various local

!elfare institutes has given a boost to many social schemes.

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)uccess of NI*E and NIM+ (Nasik Industrial Manufacturers +ssociation at

)atpur and +mbad !as repeated at )innar, a small to!n :: km from Nasik. + co

operative industrial estate developed by local initiative in -@9: !as follo!ed by

formation of MI"* Industrial area at )innar in -@99. $his area is in the process of

development. +dditional )innar area is being developed as a Mega Industrial

estate !ith state of the art facilities. $ransnational industrial companies are

invited to locate their production centres here. Global, experienced development

agencies are also invited to plan and execute the pro?ect. &esidential to!nship

!ill be developed along !ith this. )innar !as once famous for its idies (type ofhand rolled tobacco stick. $oday it is planning for the future high tech industries.

Nasik can boast of an industrial region producing goods from pins to +eroplanesA

Industrialisation has boosted the spirit of Nasik district. Each $ehsil (an

administrative unit of district is planned !ith a mini industrial estate, including the

tehsils !here the population is predominantly +divasi (tribal and aboriginal. $here

are no! -: cooperative industrial areas besides the MI"* estates. $he district isexpected to create -11,111 industrial ?obs in near future (&efer $able No.

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+gricultural sector did not contribute much to the local economy. *ultivation of

vegetables and fruits !as limited. "airy and poultry !ere also underdeveloped till

the last fe! years due to absence of services to the farming community.

+ll this has changed significantly in the last -1 years. Investments, irrigation

schemes, electricity, ne! technologies like drip irrigation, better seeds and other

inputs are contributing to increase in production. Educated and trained farmers

!ith a business attitude are seeking and creating facilities. Immense potential has

been created for agroindustries through this sector. Grapes of all varieties for

table consumption or for making resins, grape ?uice, grape !ines are cultivated by

farmers on a small scale as !ell as by large plantations developed through

corporate ?oint ventures !ith 6rench and +ustralian companies. "ue to systematic

promotion efforts and facility creations, farmers are capturing European grape

markets. *old storages, precooling, packing and processing units are gro!ing in

number. Necessary information is being generated and visits to other potential

markets in Middle East, southeast +sia and Europe are becoming common forfarmers. *ultivation of onion, the traditional cash crop has been expanded for

gro!ing export markets. 3hite onion po!der popular in B.). and Europe is from

Nasik and neighbouring 0algaon district kno!n as North Maharashtra regions.

)tra!berry is a ne! crop becoming popular due to potential export and gro!ing

demand in national market. %argescale plantations have been undertaken by

6rench iotech %td. in "indori $ehsil of Nasik. 7rient )ericulture ($ata group has

-111 hectares of mulberry plantation. $raditional ;aithani (a kind of rich silk sari

produced on handloom production has been revived at 5eola and craftsmen are

re!arded by great market response to the products. $raditional paithani design

has been adapted by a designer for +ircraftA

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Nasik !as once called Gulshanabad (city of roses. No! &oses from Nasik are

exported to middle east. 6loriculture pro?ects have emerged !here the exotic

varieties popular in European markets are gro!n. Nasik is taking advantage of

gro!ing local demand for flo!ers. $here are many such farms, small and medium

in si>e !ithin the city limits of Nasik. 6arms and 6armhouses !ithin city limits and

the surrounding areas make Nasik a uni'ue city.

Interdependence, interaction, participation and mutual support given by residents,

agricultural and industrial producers is an important factor in the evolution of

urban rural relationship. )ynergy of agricultural and industrial sector holds great

promises of change in the future of Nasik but they can only be realised through

the gro!th of service sector. $his sector is gro!ing at a much faster rate and its

role in local and national economy is ever increasing in importance.

)ervice )ector

usiness, $rade, *ommerce and 6inancial )ector

anking, finance, insurance, legal, taxation and accountancy services,

engineering support, trading of ra! material and finished goods, packing and

for!arding, !arehousing, transport services, security, maintenance and computer

services are needed for the gro!th and development of industries. $his sector

has gro!n in Nasik in the last

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private sector housing finance corporation and )4&I*7M housing bank have

their branches in Nasik. N+6E" (National +gricultural 6inance and Export

"ivision handles most of the agricultural export.

In order to facilitate and boost gro!ing export from the region, container freight

station has been started by central !arehousing corporation and custom duty

clearances have been arranged for in Nasik (earlier this used to be done at

Mumbai

$ourism

$ourism has been a traditional function of the city. 2isitors come to city on

auspicious days in large numbers, to have a dip in river Godavari. Godavari is

kno!n as a holy river of south India comparable to the Ganges. ;eople assemble

in great numbers at Nasik every -: years. $his fair is kno!n as 8umbha Mela.

$he last 8umbha Mela !as held in the year -@@: !hen about a million people

visited Nasik

In normal years tourists visit to perform certain religious rites on banks of

Godavari and at the numerous temples. $he arrangements for their stay are

made in the houses of the priests or !ith the people of common caste. %odging

places constructed !ith donations from rich people kno!n as "harmashalas

provide comfortable and affordable accommodation.

Modern tourist hotels !ere introduced in the ritish period. $oday hotel industry isflourishing in Nasik. $ourists come from distant parts of India. 6acilities demanded

and provided for are gro!ing at great speed and variety. $our operators are

bringing tourists in great numbers. $hey are helped by gro!th in transport

infrastructure.

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eautiful old temples of )hiva at $rimbakesh!ar, 8ala &am at Nasik, and "evi

(Goddess temple in the hills of )aptashringi attract a large number of devotees.

Modern temple complexes like Mukti "ham and church at Nasik road have

become ne! attractions for tourists. )ai aba temple at )hirdi in neighbouring

district attracts people of all faiths. Industrial expansion and activities have

created a great demand for business hotels. India#s leading chain of 4otels, $he

$a?, has constructed a smart 1 room !ell appointed five star hotel having fully

e'uipped modern business centre !ith conference rooms, recreational and health

facilities and speciality restaurants in plush landscaped setting. Motels and4oliday resorts are cropping up around the peripheral areas serving a large

number of travellers and holidaymakers.

4ousing *onstruction

Gro!ing population created demand for housing. *I"*7, (*ity "evelopment

*orporation established by Government of Maharashta to develop the t!incity of

Mumbai (Ne! ombay started its !ork for Ne! Nasik in -@@. $o!nship planned

by *I"*7 has been located bet!een t!o industrial estates of )atpur and +mbad.

$his to!nship provides various types of houses and plots for private development.

$otal area of approx. C11 4a. houses

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Nasik is no! expanding in all directions along the main arterial roads. $he

housing areas and commercial establishments, shopping, and services like

schools, hospitals etc. are in the same >one. usiness activities in the city mostly

consist of small establishments employing not more than -1 persons. $he vast

service sector employment is created through such establishments. $here are

many advantages. Most people go home for lunch. $!o !heelers are very

popular and provide cheap transport. %eisurely pace of the city is in contrast to the

lifestyle of Mumbai and has attracted many from such cities.

Infrastructure

Nasik has been blessed !ith a number of small rivers besides river Godavari. +

number of dams constructed in the last /1 years have improved the availability of!ater. ut the delivery system of this vital resource needs much improvement.

Electricity is supplied by the )tate grid and is presently sufficient. ut demand is

gro!ing faster than the supply. Many industrial establishments are no! allo!ed to

generate their o!n po!er through captive plants, !hich means more po!er is

available to the city.

Nasik could develop to such si>e and at such speed due to the advantage of its

location visFvis Mumbai. $he distance is -9/ km. $he present capacity of road

and rail links is grossly inade'uate. $raffic has gro!n phenomenally in last fe!

years. More than =1 of trucks and containers travelling on the road have their

destination beyond Nasik but have to pass through the city. +lternative road plans

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have not yet materialised. "emand for more trains to Mumbai is also pending.

4ence the load on the road transport is great.

+ir link to Mumbai is a problem due to lack of civil airport. +ir force and Mig

6actory airports are not presently permitted to be used for civilian purposes. ;lan

for an airport may be realised in future if finance is made available.

$elecommunication link is the most vital infrastructure that !ill decide the gro!th

of soft!are industry in Nasik. Modern telephone exchanges are providing ne!

telephone connections. "irect satellite link for data communication is essential.

$elecom department of the Government of India is planning for efficient and

reliable digital connectivity in the near future. Nasik is hoping to take advantage of

this and expecting to attract Information $echnology firms.

"evelopment of infrastructure is going to be the most important factor for the

gro!th and development of Nasik. %arge capital investment re'uired in this sector

is a ma?or problem. Most of these services are provided by the public sector

agencies. &ecently efforts are being made to seek private sector participation in

improving these services.

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)ocial )ector

$he rapid gro!th of the city has given boost to the social services like education,

health and medicine, social !elfare, sports, entertainment, arts etc.

4igher level education in various streams such as engineering, computers,

management, commerce, medicine, pharmacy, architecture, agriculture etc. is

available in Nasik through various colleges and institutes. 5. . *havan open

Bniversity of Maharashtra is located in Nasik. &ecently the Government has

announced setting up of Medical Bniversity of Maharashtra !hich !ill be located

in Nasik. Most of these facilities have been added only in last t!o decades.

Number of doctors, hospitals, health centres is steadily gro!ing and large number

of people from the district depend on the city for variety of services.

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)+%IEN$ +N" IN$E&E)$ING 6+*$) +N" 6E+$B&E) +7B$ G&73$4 +N"

"E2E%7;MEN$ 76 N+)I8 +6$E& -@C

;opulation gro!th rate of Nasik has been constantly more than that of

Brban India, Maharashtra and nearest metro city of Mumbai bet!een -@-

-@@-. Gro!th rate of Nasik (/ and = is highest among top C cities of

Maharashtra. Mumbai (

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+urangabad (ar on Nasik +gra road. +ll are !ithin the

distance of C1 km. Brban gro!th of Nasik district is getting concentrated in the

southern part of the district and almost =: urban population is concentrated

in C to!n of Nasik, Igatpuri, )innar and 7>ar, all the tehsils contiguous to Nasik

$ehsil.

Industrial activities of Nasik city and district have gro!n dramatically. In

-@- there !ere

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"evelopment plan of Nasik *ity has :-11 ha. area allotted for Industrial use

!hich is -C.1@ of developed area and ?ust .ar to!n or had industrial

establishments like sugar factories, textile. It does not have po!erful political

lobby. It is a people#s to!n and !as once kno!n as a to!n for common people

#0anasthan#. $oday residents of Nasik proudly remember this name

)7ME &E6%E*$I7N) 7N N+)I8 *I$5)*+;E

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In -@9: physical boundaries of Nasik encompassed :: time more area than

that in the year -99-. $he city space today is dominated by the ne! city

developments. $he 'uality of ne! cityscape definitely needs the touch of

creative artistic hands. ;hysical plans of Nasik *ity !ere developed through

the government to!n planning department and other planning authorities like

MI"* and *I"*7. No leading +rchitect or planner has been involved in its

inception. 7ne can !itness the functional 'uality of the land use but there is

total absence of planners aesthetic vision of a city. $oday Nasik is

economically rich but lacks the aesthetic 'uality found in its development ofMaratha rule or later ritish rule.

7ld parts of Nasik including the administrative and residential areas

developed during ritish period and some of the developed areas !itness the

typical overcro!ding of Indian cities. Narro! streets of old residential areas are

far too inade'uate for the commercial use they are converted to and the

vehicular traffic is choking them. )mall vendors, hand carts, animals, cycles,

scooters and pedestrians are engaged in constant battles over space. ;ublic

transport systems are grossly neglected and are inade'uate. Most of the

people prefer scooters and motor cycles for obvious reasons even though the

safety is at stakes. ut it provides the cheapest mode of transport. It also helps

the flexible !ork schedules of !orking persons and the lifestyles of people.

$he development of ne! commercial buildings, restaurants, hotels,

shopping centres try to go beyond stark aesthetics to attract attention but they

lack authenticity and aesthetic values. 6e! efforts of architects can be termed

partially successful and one of them is the ne! building of the Nasik Municipal

*orporation. It is an apt symbol of the success and aspirations of transformed

Nasik.

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Nasik has large service sector employment and it is head'uarter of the

North Maharashtra region comprising of four districts. It has presence of large

number of banks, financial and insurance companies, marketing offices of

many organisations, private sector organisations besides government and

administrative offices. ut it has no central business district as is common to

many to!ns and the offices are spread throughout the city, merging !ith

residential and industrial spaces or located along the main transport corridors.

%ife style of people is also not dominated by the clock. 6lexible !orking hours,

part time !ork schedules, 4ome based !ork places and home based income

generation activities are 'uite common. Most of the people do not travel long

distances to !ork ( Nasik area is roughly :1 x -C km and tensions of large

metropolises are 'uite absent.

)lum population and areas are not absent in the city but the population and

areas are limited.

$hat Nasik has many attributes of modern urban to!n !ith many

advantages and choices of life styles is a common perception. $hat is the

reason a large number of people are attracted to Nasik in last fe! years. Nasik

can be termed as a successful example of gro!th !ith development and

diversification including agricultural activities integrated in the city. It is an

example that vindicates the policies adapted by India for industrialisation and

decentralisation !ith public and private sector participation.

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B&+NI)+$I7N $&EN") N+)I8, M+4+&+)4$&+ +N" IN"I+

Gro!th and development of Nasik is significant for understanding the

process and trends of urban gro!th in India. Nasik has gro!n much faster than

in the last t!o decades !hen urban gro!th rate in Maharashtra and India are

declining. $hat decline in gro!th rate of Mumbai in this period is significantly

lo! can be seen from the graph.

Brban centres in India are gro!ing in numbers. $here are about

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Most of the fast gro!ing urban centres are the ones !hich had less than

/11111 population in -@9-. Nasik falls in this catagory.

6rom the facts it can be inferred that the rapid gro!th of urbanisation and its

concentration in large metros after Independence is arrested and urbanisation is

more decentralised than ever before. &easons for this reversal have great bearing

on the future course of urbanisation in India.

;osition of Maharashtra as the most Industrialised and urbanised state of

India is no! challenged and many states are competing for larger share of

both. )tates like Gu?arat, $amilnadu, +ndhra ;radesh, 7rissa and Madhya

;radesh through their systematic efforts are developing rapidly.

3ithin Maharashtra there has emerged great competition among cities for

attracting Industrial investment. Governments also offer large incentives to

Industries for location in rural areas. Industries are also helped by ne!

communication technologies, gro!ing transport facilities, and other

infrastructure development like po!er and !ater.

It is unlikely that gro!th of Nasik !ill continue at the same rate as it nears

the figure of one million population. $he reason is that many other gro!th

centres are offering advantages of infrastructures, location near !orking

population, near ra! material and location of consumption. &ecent completion

of 8onkan rail!ay along the coast of Maharashtra is opening up many ne!

areas for development and its impact !ill be much greater for the future course

of development in Maharashtra than any other single factor.

$his process of rapid development of fe! urban centres in early periods of

industrialisation based on modern manufacturing processes and

decentralisation and dispersal of gro!th in later period is not a uni'ue

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phenomenon in India but is an ubi'uitous process observed in most developed

countries. 3hat is significant in India is that the process of centralisation and

decentralisation is compressed in a shorter period.

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6B$B&E 76 B&+NI)+$I7N IN G%7+%IH+$I7N E&+

G%7+%I)+$I7N in simple terms is explained as creation of Global village. $his

concept is the product of ne! technological revolution in fields of Electronics,

computers and speedy communication through satellite technology. +ll these are

supporting the dispersal of all the human activities, most important being the

economic, social and political activities. $hey are changing the methods of

production of goods, their movements across the locations !ithin the countries

and the !orld. *oncentration of goods production in urban centres mostly near

the port to!ns, separation of rural agricultural production and industrial production

of cities, irrational and !asteful movement of ra! materials, finished goods,

agricultural products at great environmental costs !ere products of three

centuries of Industrial revolution. ut systemic nature of all the human interactions

are becoming clear !ith the result that all countries of the !orld are becoming

interdependent in this era of globali>ation. Globalisation !ill have many ne!

opportunities for countries like India.

+ll sectors of economy, especially +griculture can benefit from ne! technologies,

kno!ledge intensive management, processing, preservation, marketing and

environmentally friendly techni'ues, better infrastructure accessibility, and

services like finance, crop insurance. Increasing productivity, multiple crops, and

agriculture based local industrial facilities !ill affect the employment potential of

rural areas. In countries like India large population can continue to be supported

on agriculture !ith better economic returns. $he need for migration of rural poor to

urban areas !ill be greatly reduced.

Industrial production !ill be geographically dispersed across the country and the

old e'uation of Industry and gro!th !ill change. $rend of diminishing employment

in industrial sector of large metropolises has already started !hich !ill be further

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strengthened. Industrial investment !as seen as the vehicle of development in

past. $oday investment in infrastructure is directing the gro!th. $he direction is

a!ay from large metro centres.

%arge cities !ill not vanish immediately but their economic position !ill be

challenged. )ervice sector employment as !itnessed in developed countries !ill

be dominant sector of large metropolises in India. )ervice sector !ill also gro!

faster in small and medium to!ns and pressure on metropolises !ill be greatly

relieved.

*oncept of a city as such !ill still have large attraction but the scale and form !ill

undergo dramatic change. Environmentally this trend is a positive trend and !ill

be beneficial in the final analysis.

*7N*%B)I7N

)tudy of gro!th, diversification and transformation of Nasik reveals a trend that

challenges common notions of the urbanisation process in India. $he

developments of last t!o decades sho! a totally different trend from that

observed in three decades before. $he focus of urban development in India

needs to be shifted from experiences of large metropolises of *alcutta, Mumbai

and *hennai that had emerged and flourished during the period !hen trade,

commerce and early industrialisation directed the process of urbanisation.

"ispersal and diversification of urban gro!th observed in last t!o decades

vindicate the policy adapted by India after independence for a more balanced

economic and physical gro!th. $hat this trend is likely to be strengthened in near

future and !ill be assisted by ne! technologies can be seen from the case study

of Nasik. Globalisation is a process that has potential to support and speed up

this trend of counter Brbanisation as suggested by ;eter 4all. +rguments,

pro?ections and models based on the urbanisation trends observed in the early

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industrialisation period !ill prove grossly inade'uate, redundant and futile like the

forecasts based on future population gro!th in India made /,-1,-/ years ago.

4o! these pro?ections made by Bnited Nations ;opulation "ivision for *alcutta

and Mumbai have proved totally !rong. ($able no.

It is essential to analyse the failures of these pro?ections and reasons behind

them.

+im of all developmental issues including that of urbanisation is to provide basic

services to all, to reduce poverty and control the degradation of the life and the

environment. $ransformation of Nasik in last fifty years has been successful in

this direction. It has many positive and healthy aspects about it !hich need to be

strengthened further. Globalisation provides one such opportunity.

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