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NSW Greenhouse Plan

DISCLAIMER

The State of New South Wales, its officers and employees, make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy or

completeness of the information contained in this publication, or as to its appropriateness for any particular purpose. The State

of New South Wales, its officers and employees, disclaim all liability for any error, loss or other detriment which may be incurred

as a result of any person or body relying on any information in this publication.

Published by the New South Wales Government, November 2005.Also published on www.greenhouseinfo.nsw.gov.au

© The NSW Greenhouse Office, The Cabinet Office of the Government of New South Wales 2005This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968

Authorised by the New South Wales Government, Governor Macquarie Tower, 1 Farrer Place, Sydney 2000Designed & printed by Metro Graphics Group, Suite 33, 20-28 Maddox Street, Alexandria 2015

ISBN 0 7313 5448 6

Premier’s foreword 2

Introduction to the NSW Greenhouse Plan 5

Part A Scene setting 7The global context 7

Our climate is changing 7

The international and national response 10

Long-term goals 11

NSW emissions 12

Overview of NSW emissions 12

Emission trends 13

Prioritising sectors for action 14

Technologies and opportunities for low cost emission reductions 15

NSW action to date 17

A strategic approach to combating climate change in NSW 18

The Plan 19

Harnessing the power of markets to reduce emissions 20

Part B NSW action 231 Awareness raising 23

2 Adapting to climate change 24

3 Reducing greenhouse gas emissions 25

Part CActions to be taken under the NSW Greenhouse Plan 301 Raising community awareness 31

2 Adapting to climate change 33

3 Reducing greenhouse gas emissions 35

3.1 Government leading by example 35

3.2 Emissions trading and strategic reform 40

3.3 A clean green energy future 43

3.4 Better transport solutions 47

3.5 Waste, industrial processes and fugitive emissions 50

3.6 Natural resources and land management 53

Glossary and abbreviations 56

Links for further information 60

Contents

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Premier’s foreword

The evidence is mounting –

the Arctic ice shelf is melting.

So is the snow cap on Mount

Kilimanjaro. So are the world’s

glaciers.

The CSIRO tells us that global warming may

lead to NSW experiencing an increase in the

frequency and severity of drought, bushfires

and storms.

The CSIRO also tells us that over the next three

decades we may see warming of up to two

degrees Celsius – the threshold of dangerous

climate change.

That means we have to reduce greenhouse

gas emissions by no less than 60 percent by

the middle of the century.

That’s an enormous task requiring global

action, hence the NSW Government’s

unremitting support of the Kyoto Protocol.

The Protocol aims to halt the rise in global

emissions and perhaps cut them by a few

percent. Kyoto is a good start – a good platform

from which to begin making deep cuts.

NSW is already at the forefront of efforts to

reduce greenhouse gas emissions, not just in

Australia but globally.

We introduced the world’s first mandatory

emissions trading scheme, the NSW

Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme. We

brought in tough water and energy efficiency

targets for new homes. We initiated the now-

national Australian Building Greenhouse

Rating Scheme which rates the energy

performance of commercial buildings from

one to five stars.

In June this year NSW became the first

jurisdiction in Australia to map out a new

agenda of big cuts over the next 20 to 45

years, reductions that will take a lot of planning

and discipline to achieve:

• a 60 percent cut in greenhouse

emissions by 2050; and

• cutting greenhouse emissions to year

2000 levels by 2025.

This Greenhouse Plan sets out how NSW

will begin meeting these targets by raising

community awareness, introducing climate

change adaptation measures and setting

our State on the path to sustainable

development.

This Plan would not have been possible without

extensive public and stakeholder consultation,

and I warmly thank those who so thoughtfully

contributed to its development.

Success will not come easily. It will demand new

habits and new attitudes. New technologies.

Change for every home and workplace.

The success of the Montreal Protocol on CFCs

proved we have the intelligence to change

and adapt to a major environmental threat

while protecting economic growth.

Global warming is a far greater threat, so let’s

respond with the seriousness this worldwide

challenge demands.

I sincerely commend the NSW Greenhouse

Plan.

Morris Iemma MP

Premier and Treasurer

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The Premier’s Greenhouse Advisory Panel

The Advisory Panel provides advice on broad policy and program directions to ensure that government policy

is well informed by scientific, industry and broader community views.

Mr Marti jn Wilder (Chair) – Marti jn is a lawyer responsible for Baker & McKenzie’s

global cl imate change and emissions trading practice and is regarded as a leader

in the cl imate change law f ield. Marti jn is also the Adjunct Lecturer in International

Environmental Law at the University of NSW, and a legal adviser to the Australian Government

on its National Oceans Policy.

Ms Janet Dore – Janet has been General Manager of Newcastle City Council for the past five

years. The City of Newcastle is recognised nationally and internationally as leading community

greenhouse action. Examples of projects undertaken with the Council’s Greenhouse Action

Partners include the creation of the world’s first greenhouse gas speedometer - ClimateCam,

Australia’s first biodiesel powered vehicle fleet, 60% energy reductions in Council buildings and

the first Energy Town Meeting.

Mr Kevin Hennessy – Kevin has been a key member of CSIRO’s Climate Impact Group since

1989 and CSIRO’s Climate Impact and Adaptation Working Group since 1999. His expertise lies

in analysis of observed climatic trends, analysis of future greenhouse simulations, development

of Australian climate change projections, assessment of potential impacts and responding to

‘greenhouse sceptics’. He has been involved with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change in the development of both the Second and Third Assessment Reports.

Mr Adam Spencer – Adam began his career in radio by winning the Triple J raw comedy

championship in 1996 and eventually took over the coveted breakfast time slot in 1999. A

consummate learner, Adam holds a first class honours degree in Pure Mathematics and has an

immense interest in science. These passions lead Adam to hosting the ABC program Quantum

and FAQ from 1998 to 2001.

Mr David Marsh – David and his family manage a mixed farm enterprise at Boorowa in the State’s

Central West. David has been closely involved in regional Natural Resource Management issues

since 1989. He was a member of the Native Vegetation Advisory Council of NSW for five years

until 2003 and a founding member of the Boorowa Landcare Group. He is currently serving on

the board of the Lachlan Catchment Management Authority. David was the 2004 Central West

Conservation Farmer of the Year and holds a Masters of Sustainable Agriculture.

Ms Sam Mostyn – Sam has an extensive background in law, management and politics. She is

currently the Group Executive, Culture & Reputation at Insurance Australia Group where she

has responsibility for managing the Human Resource, Organisational Effectiveness, Corporate

Affairs, Government Relations & Policy, Corporate Sustainability and Community Engagement

functions. During 2003 IAG was recognised as a leader in sustainable business planning and

received Ethical Investor magazine’s award for Sustainable Company of the Year.

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The NSW Greenhouse Office

The NSW Greenhouse Office is a specialist policy unit within the NSW Cabinet Office. It is responsible for the co-ordination and development of Government policy to combat climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors of the NSW economy.

The Greenhouse Office brings together expertise from across the public and private sectors to l imit greenhouse gas emissions and help position NSW for the future. The Office provides whole-of-government strategic advice directly to the Premier, ensuring greenhouse and climate change matters receive the high level attention they deserve.

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Introduction to the NSW Greenhouse Plan

Climate change is a long-term, global issue

with no easy solution. An effective response

will require action by all levels of Government,

individuals, industry, business and community

groups. The NSW Greenhouse Plan sets

out action for the NSW Government for the

next three years and beyond – to reduce the

emissions of its own activities and to work with

other stakeholders to reduce the emissions from

their activities.

The main objectives of this Plan are to:

• Increase awareness among those

expected to be most affected by the

impacts of climate change.

• Begin to develop adaptation strategies

to those climate change impacts we

cannot avoid.

• Put NSW on track to meeting its

targets of limiting 2025 emissions to

2000 levels; and reducing emissions

by 60% by 2050.

Action on greenhouse involves everyone –

• we need your commitment to becoming

climate change conscious

• we need you to make changes to help

reduce emissions.

Keeping the plan up to date

To ensure the NSW Greenhouse Plan remains

relevant and effective, additional policies will

be developed and added as commitments are

delivered and new opportunities emerge.

The NSW Greenhouse Plan will be reviewed

and updated regularly. The Government will

actively seek the views of key stakeholders and

the wider community when preparing updates

and developing additional actions. The NSW

Greenhouse Advisory Panel will also be involved

in keeping the plan updated.

New commitments added to the Plan will be

available on the Greenhouse Office website at

www.greenhouseinfo.nsw.gov.au

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The global context

The earth’s climate is controlled by energy from the sun

that is absorbed by the earth’s atmosphere. A blanket

of naturally occurring greenhouse gases (including

water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, tropospheric

ozone and nitrous oxide) trap heat in the atmosphere

and create what is commonly referred to as the

‘greenhouse effect’. Without it, the earth’s average

temperatures would be around 34°C colder.

Our climate is changing

Since the Industrial Revolution the atmospheric

concentration of carbon dioxide has increased by

35% and it is now the highest it has been for the past

420,000 years. Concentrations of other greenhouse

gases are also on the rise – methane by 151%, nitrous

oxide by 17% and tropospheric ozone by 36%.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

has been established by the World Meteorological

Organization and the United Nations Environment

Program to assess scientific, technical and socio-

economic information relevant for the understanding

of climate change, its potential impacts and options for

adaptation and mitigation. The IPCC has concluded

that there is an increasing body of evidence that

human activities which increase greenhouse gas

concentrations are ‘enhancing’ the natural greenhouse

effect and resulting in a changing climate.1

Average temperatures have risen by around 0.6oC

over the past century, and the 1990s was the warmest

decade since records began in 1856. Temperatures

have risen in the lowest 8 km of the atmosphere, the

upper ocean has warmed, there have been increases in

heatwaves, heavy rainfall and sea levels, while glaciers,

ice-sheets and frosts have decreased. These global

changes are already affecting the natural environment

with altered growing seasons and declines of some

plant and animal populations.

Scene Sett ing

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1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

-0.5

0.0

0.5

-0.5

0.0

0.5

-0.5

0.0

0.5

Global

oC

Southern Hemisphere

Northern Hemisphere

This chart depicts changes in temperature since 1856 compared to the 30 year average from 1961 to 1990.

It shows considerable global warming over the last 150 years.

The 5 warmest years on record have occurred since 1998. The 10 warmest years on record have occurred since 1990. The 15 warmest years on record have occurred since 1987

So we can better understand the interactions

between the climate, the oceans and

greenhouse gas emissions, super computers

are being used to model global climate

systems and give projections of future climate

change. Climate model simulations are driven

by various scenarios of greenhouse gas and

aerosol emissions. Different climate models and

emission scenarios produce different estimates

of global average warming and regional climate

change, providing a range of estimates.

Climate change projections for the world

By the year 2100, global average temperatures

are expected to rise between 1.4 to 5.8oC

and sea-levels are expected to rise between

9 to 88cm, relative to 1990. Across the world,

increases in heatwaves, heavy rainfall and

cyclone intensity are anticipated, while glaciers,

ice-sheets and frosts are expected to continue

to decrease.

For small increases in greenhouse gas

concentrations and low levels of global warming

(less than 1°C), there are projected to be some

positive and some negative impacts. For large

increases in concentrations and high levels of

global warming (2-4°C), natural and human

systems are more likely to move beyond coping

thresholds.

Climate change projections for Australia

I n Aus t ra l i a , ou r c l imate i s l i ke l y to

become warmer and drier. Annual average

temperatures are projected to increase by 0.4

- 2.0°C by the year 2030 and by 1 - 6°C by

2070, relative to 1990. Inland areas are likely to

warm faster than the global average. We can

expect more variation in rainfall patterns. Where

average rainfall increases, there are likely to be

more extremely wet years, and where average

rainfall decreases we anticipate more droughts.

Less snowfall and greater fire risk are also

likely.

Australia’s drought of 2002-03 had higher

temperatures and greater rates of evaporation than

previous droughts and climate change is expected

to further increase the severity of droughts in the

future. Economic losses from natural disasters

such as droughts, floods and hailstorms have

increased in Australia over the past 30 years and

are likely to increase even further.

Figure 1: Global average temperature anomalies compared to the 1961 – 1990 average.Source: University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature

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Climate change projections for NSW

Projections of climate change in NSW were

undertaken for the NSW Government by the CSIRO

and Bureau of Meteorology2. They concluded that

without action to limit emissions NSW can expect:

• a warming of between 0.2 to 2.1ºC over the

next three decades (with the greatest rise in

spring and summer) and a warming of 0.7 to

6.4ºC by 2070.

• a general tendency for decreasing annual-

average rainfall, particularly in spring and

particularly in south-western NSW.

Figure 2 below shows projected changes of average

temperature and rainfall for the years 2030 and

2070 (relative to 1990) for two different scenarios

of global emissions. The coloured bars show the

ranges of change expected with corresponding

colours on each map. The scenarios represent the

IPCC’s business as usual scenario which excludes

actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,

while the 450 parts per million (ppm) scenarios

show the effect of global action to stabilise

atmospheric concentrations of CO2 at 450 ppm. If

CO2 concentrations are stabilised at 450 ppm by

the year 2090, the upper limit of warming or rainfall

change is reduced by about a quarter by 2030 and

almost halved by 2070.

While much of NSW shows a tendency for drier

conditions, heavy rain storms may become more

intense and more frequent and other extreme

weather events are likely to become more frequent.

Under the worst-case scenario, with high levels of

global warming there may be a 70% increase in

drought frequency by 2030 with twice as many days

above 35°C by 2030 and six times as many by 2070.

Figure 2: CSIRO projections for NSW temperature and rainfall for the years 2030 and 2070. The coloured bars show ranges of tempertature and rainfall change for the corresponding coloured areas in the maps. The “Business as Usual” projections are based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios.

Business as Usual

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Temperature Change (oC)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


With actions to stabiliseconcentrations at 450ppm

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Temperature Change (oC)-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Rainfall Change (%) Rainfall Change (%)

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Rainfall Change (%) Rainfall Change (%)

2030

2070

SAnnual

SpringAnnualSpringAnnual

Business as Usual With actions to stabiliseconcentrations at 450ppm

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For western towns like Cobar the number of days

over 40°C could more than double (from 6 to 15)

by 2030.

In parts of NSW, some agricultural and forestry

activities may benefit from small temperature

and carbon dioxide increases, because of the

improvements in plant growth that may result.

However most changes in average and extreme

climate are expected to have negative impacts

on natural ecosystems, water resources, primary

industries, human health and settlements.3

Hotter, drier conditions will put crops under greater

heat and water stress. Rivers are likely to decline,

making irrigation less reliable and shrinking natural

wetlands. Rising temperatures will reduce the

available habitat for alpine species like the Mountain

Pygmy Possum. Some CSIRO projections show

the snow fields largely disappearing by 2050, with

serious implications for tourism.

Major storms may be more common over much

of NSW, damaging buildings, bridges and power

lines. In the coastal zone, these storms may

combine with a rise in the sea level to worsen

coastal erosion, damaging beaches and valuable

properties. Bushfires are likely to become more

frequent and intense, increasing the risk to homes

near bushland. Human health also faces risks.

Warmer temperatures increase the risk of infectious

diseases, food poisoning and mosquito-borne

diseases.

The imperative to minimise these impacts is now

widely recognised. There are three important policy

responses:

(1) raise awareness of these issues within

the community,

(2) slow global warming by reducing

greenhouse gas emissions, and

(3) adapt to unavoidable climate change.

The international and national responseInternational negotiations on a global framework

for emission reductions have been underway

since the United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was first signed in

1992 and came into force in 19944. It provides an

overall framework for the international efforts to

tackle climate change. The Australian Government

ratified the Convention in 1992. One of the

primary objectives of the Framework Convention

is to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations

in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent

‘dangerous’ human interference with the climate

system. Such a level should be achieved within

a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to

adapt naturally to climate change, ensure that food

production is not threatened and enable economic

development to proceed in a sustainable manner.

The Kyoto Protocol to the Convention entered

into force on 16 February 2005, and sets legally

binding targets for industrialised countries to

reduce emissions over the period 2008-2012.

Although the Australian Government has indicated

its intention to meet Australia’s negotiated emission

target, Australia has joined the United States,

Croatia and Monaco in choosing not to ratify the

Protocol. Ratifying countries are implementing

policies to meet their emission reduction targets,

including the European Union which introduced an

emissions trading scheme in 2005.

The NSW Government believes that – although not

perfect by any means – the Protocol is a critical

first step towards effective global cooperation and

has therefore called upon the Commonwealth

to ratify. This would ensure that Australia has a

seat at the negotiating table for the next stages

of global action and that Australian companies

have access to new and growing markets

through emissions trading. It would also allow us

to work with developing countries to accelerate

technology transfer in countries where emissions

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are expected to significantly increase as their

economies develop.

The latest national forecasts show that Australia is

on track to meeting the Kyoto target, largely due

to a significant reduction in rates of land clearing

since the 1990 base year. Emissions from sectors

such as energy and transport have increased

considerably and these trends are projected to

continue. At the same time, there is limited scope

for further reductions in land clearing emissions.

Long-term goals

Global discussions are now focusing on the

challenge of emission reductions after the

Kyoto Protocol ends in 2012. It is increasingly

recognised that over the long-term substantial

cuts in emissions will be required. This is

often referred to as the prospect of a ‘carbon

constrained’ future, in which the global

emissions of greenhouse gases are likely to be

limited.

There is growing support amongst climate

scientists and experts for a precautionary goal to

constrain global average temperature increases

to a maximum of 2°C. This includes the average

temperature increase of 0.6°C which has already

occurred since industrialisation.

A 2°C rise in Australia would be likely to have a

number of negative environmental impacts such

as the regular bleaching of near-shore coral reefs

and a reduction in the total area in which some

plants and animals naturally occur, particularly

in the Southern Alps. Above a 2°C rise, the risk

of more severe impacts becomes unacceptably

high, including a 12-25% reduction in river flow

in the Murray Darling Basin.

Industrialised nations have been responsible for

most of the past emissions and have relatively

Figure 3: (a) CO2 emission reduction paths that would lead to eventual stabilization of the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere at 450, 550, 650, 750 and 1000 parts per million (ppm).

(b) Corresponding global warming. The shaded area shows the range of uncertainty in estimating CO2 emissions corresponding to each concentration scenario. These figures are adapted from IPCC publications (WRE scenarios) and appear in more detail in the CSIRO’s climate projections for NSW.5

2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

(a) CO2 Emissions (Gigatonnes)

2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 23000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

(b) Global Mean Temperature Change (oC)

Equilibrium CO2 Concentration (ppm) 750 650 550 4501000

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high per capita emissions. It is therefore likely

that industrialised countries will need to lead the

reduction in emissions – a principle enshrined in

the Framework Convention. The Commonwealth

Government has acknowledged that global

emission cuts in the order of 60% are likely to

be required by the end of the century to avoid

dangerous interference with the climate.

Cost-effective emission cuts of this magnitude

will require the early introduction of price signals

to help divert investment toward less emission-

intensive technologies. To this end, several

countries have already adopted long-term

emission reduction targets to assist industry

risk management, provide investor confidence,

promote technological innovation and guide

climate change policy. Most prominently, the UK

aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from

energy by 60% by 2050.

NSW emissions

Overview of NSW emissions

NSW has 34% of Australia’s population of 20.2

million and is responsible for just over a quarter

of Australia’s emissions. This reflects the lower

emission-intensity of NSW industry compared

to other Australian states. NSW per capita

emissions, however, are 23 tonnes per person

each year and this is still high compared to other

countries. The UK, Germany and Japan all emit

just over 10 tonnes per person and the average

for industrialised nations is about 13 tonnes.

Australia’s relatively high per capita emissions

are due to our relative abundance of cheap

fossil fuels, high dependence on coal-fired

power generation, the energy intensity of our

exports (such as aluminium, steel and coal), long

distances between cities and our rising standard

of living. However, there are many opportunities

to improve the efficiency with which we use

energy and reduce its greenhouse intensity.

The NSW greenhouse gas inventory is

summarised in Figure 4. Stationary energy

is responsible for almost half of NSW emissions,

with other key sources including transport (15%)

and agriculture (14%).

Stationary energy emissions include

fossil fuel combustion in electricity and

heat production, and manufacturing and

construction industries.

Transport emissions include those

from road (cars, buses and trucks),

rail, shipping and aviation for both

passengers and freight.

Fugitive emissions are those emissions

released during the extraction and

production of coal, oil and gas.

Industrial process emissions are by-

products of processes such as metal

and chemicals production and minerals

processing.

Agricultural emissions are from livestock

(digestion), manure management, soils

and burning of savanna and residues.

Land use change and forestry sector

emissions are mainly from land clearing.

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Emission trends In 1990, NSW emissions were 156 million

tonnes (Mt) of greenhouse gases (expressed as

carbon dioxide equivalent). Emissions declined

almost 5% to 147 Mt in 1995, largely as a result

of falling emissions from land clearing. However,

as underlying growth in energy and transport

sectors continued, total emissions increased to

151 Mt in 2002 or 3% below 1990 levels.

Historically emissions growth has followed the

trend of economic progress. However, the rate

of emissions growth is now slowing compared

to the rate of economic growth. Since 1990

NSW emissions relative to economic output

have fallen by about 33%.

Indicative ‘business-as-usual’ projections

of future emissions in NSW to 2020, based

on current trends and with existing policy

measures, are shown in Figure 5. These

projections are based on an analysis that draws

from the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory

and Commonwealth projections. Beyond

2020 projections become highly speculative.

These projections, however, demonstrate

the significant challenge ahead – with energy

emissions expected to continue to grow strongly

while land clearing reductions and tree planting

make only a minor contribution.

Agriculture, Land Use

and Forestry

NSW Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2002 (in millions of tonnes)

Industryand

Waste

TransportEmissionSources

Stationary EnergyEmissions

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

EntericFermentation

50%LandClearing

25%

Soils19%

Fugitive45%

IndustrialProcesses

43%

Waste12%

Cars47%

CommercialVehicles

18%

Aviation18%

Rail 4%Shipping

4%

Other Road 2%

Manufacturing42%

Residential23%

Commercial18%

Mining14%

Agriculture,Forestry, Fishing

3%

Other5%

Figure 4: NSW Greenhouse gas emissions sources by sector6

Note: Breakdown of stationary energy emissions is based on 1999 national figures, as a breakdown for NSW is not available

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A concerted effort is required now to slow and

reverse the projected growth in emissions.

The NSW Government will therefore pursue

a strategic and comprehensive approach to

emission reduction.

Table 1 sets out the most significant sectors

in NSW according to their contribution to

overall emissions and their projected growth in

emissions from 2000 to 2010. Those with a high

contribution and high growth (ie. electricity and

heat production) are considered priority sectors,

as are those with medium contribution and

high growth (ie. venting and flaring of methane

from coal mining and industrial processes), or

high contribution and medium growth (ie. road

transport).

Waste

Stationary Energy

Transport

Fugitive

Industrial Processes

Agriculture

Land Use Change

Figure 5: Indicative greenhouse gas emissions projections for NSW under business as usual

MT

CO

2e

1990 2000 2010 2020

200

75

125

25

0

50

150

100

175

Greenhouse Gas Emission Projections for NSW

* Projected emissions growth ‘with emission reduction policies and measures’

** Energy and heat production is projected to have medium ‘with emission reduction policies and measures’ growth, but both its historic growth and business-as-usual-growth is high.

Table 1: Prioritising sectors on the basis of contribution and growth rate

Contribution to NSW emissions

Low (less than 3%) Medium (3-10%) High (more than 10%)

High

(more than 20%)

Fugitive (venting and flaring) emissions from coal

Industrial processes

Electricity and heat production**

Medium

(10-20%)

Fugitive emissions (natural gas and oil)

Non-road transport

Other agricultural

Land use change and forestry

Manufacturing and construction energy

Refining and fuel manufacturing

Other combustion

Road transport

Low

(0-10%)

Agricultural soils

Burning of savannas

Waste

Livestock emissions

Gro

wth

*

Prioritising sectors for action

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Greenhouse gas emissions are produced

from a wide range of sources and can be

reduced by either modifying the way in which

we live and do business (and many energy

efficiency measures require nothing more than a

motivated conscious decision) or by employing

technological solutions.

Both the smarter use of energy and the

development and uptake of innovative

technology will be required if significant cuts

in emissions are to be achieved cost effectively.

Technologies and opportunities for low cost emission reductions

There are significant emission reduction

opportunities available at low cost. An emission

abatement cost-curve was developed for

NSW in order to indicate abatement potential

in NSW over the next 10 years and to identify

least-cost emission abatement options.7

Key conclusions of the work include that:

• there are a wide array of measures that

could produce significant emission

abatement over the intermediate

horizon to 2014 and beyond

• the abatement opportunities identified

in the cost curve equate to over 50

MtCO2e per year (about one third of

current estimated NSW emissions)

• a few abatement measures appear to

have particularly large potential and

low or negative costs (ie over time they

save more money than they cost) and

so warrant further policy and analytic

consideration.

Technology typePotential

MtCO2e pa

Cost $/

tCO2eTechnology type

Potential

MtCO2e pa

Cost $/

tCO2e

Energy efficiency Lower emission fossil-fuel electricity generation

Commercial energy efficiency 4.6 -$25 Large industrial cogeneration 1.6 -$2

Industrial energy efficiency 3.4 -$16 Mid size cogeneration 1.8 $16

New/renovated home efficiency 2.9 -$20 Combined cycle gas (base load) 2.2 $25

Existing home energy efficiency 0.80 -$58 Mine waste methane electricity generation

4.9 $6

Automobile energy efficiency 1.5 $0 Upgrade existing coal plant 1.2 -$12

Automobile usage reduction 0.7 -$18 Geosequestration at coal generator 4 $40

Renewable electricity generation Industrial process 0.6 -$3

Wind 2.4 $20 Land use change and management

Small hydroelectric 0.2 $11 Reduction in land clearing 6.8 $0

Photovoltaics 0.3 $273 Soil carbon sequestration 0.5 $0

Solar thermal 0.5 $43 Forest sequestration* 3.1 $0

Solid Waste and wet biomass 3.3 $8 Forest sequestration 4 $5

Dry biomass 1.7 $38 Forest sequestration 5.4 $15

Biofuels - biodiesel and ethanol 0.1 $265 Forest sequestration 7.3 $30

*The potential MtCo2e pa reduced through forest sequestration varies depending on the cost of carbon. The higher the cost of carbon, the more plantations are economically viable.

Table 2: Summary of a selection of NSW abatement opportunities to 2014

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The development of the cost-curve necessarily

requires a wide range of assumptions and as

such is indicative only. Further, the abatement

curve is not exhaustive as it would be

impossible to include all possible abatement

technologies on a single diagram. Rather, the

examples selected were chosen to represent

some of the most significant abatement

opportunities. Also, some opportunities are

not included as they are already addressed

by existing policy measures (eg. per

fluorocarbons in the aluminium sector).

It is also important to note that each circle

on the cost curve (Figure 6) represents a

technological option, not a particular policy

measure. Policies might target more than one

option (eg emissions trading might lead to the

take-up of a range of options) or options can

be encouraged through a range of policies (eg

improvements in home energy efficiency can

be targeted through minimum performance

standards for energy efficient appliances and

through BASIX).

The cost curve shows costs at a point in time, but it should be noted that costs change over time as technologies develop. For example, the cost of generating electricity from wind or photovoltaics has come down considerably over time. This is a snapshot in time which will be revised as technologies and markets continue to develop.

In order to achieve both short and long-term emission abatement, it will be necessary to harness opportunities right along the cost curve. Although large scale short-term abatement might focus on least cost opportunities, it may be strategic to invest in some higher cost options that may deliver either substantial and/or low cost abatement in the longer term.

The abatement identified in the above curve will assist in turning around the current growth in NSW emissions. These emission reduction measures might also be pursued in sectors where there are significant additional benefits such as for air quality, soil quality, health benefits or regional employment.

NSW GHG Abatement Cost Curve to 2014$/t CO2e

Mt CO2e/yr

1Mt

5Mt

50

40

30

20

10

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

Coal Plant Energy EfficiencyAutomobile Usage Reduction

Large Industrial Cogeneration

New & Remodelled Home Energy Efficiency

Industrial Energy Efficiency

Existing HomeEnergy Efficiency

PFC Reduction in AL Smelting

Reduction in Land Clearing

Commercial Energy Efficiency

Forestry Sequestration

Mine Waste Methane

Electricity Generation

Municipal Solid Waste

& Wet Biomass

Small Hydroelectric

Dry Biomass

CCGT for Base LoadMid-size Cogeneration

Wind

Solar Thermal

Biodiesel &Photovoltaics (>$250)Geosequestration

at Coal Generator

10 20 30 40 50

52.9

Mt C

O2e

/yr

Automobile Energy Efficiency

Mt CO2e/yrCumulativeAbatement

Soil Carbon Sequestration

Figure 6: NSW GHG Abatement Cost Curve to 2014

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NSW action to dateThe NSW Government has implemented a number of actions in raising awareness, assessing regional climate change and impacts, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Awareness has been raised through environmental education such as the “Live Energy Smart”, “Green Power” and “It’s a Living Thing” campaigns. The government has engaged CSIRO over the past 14 years to provide regional climate change projections, the latest assessment being released in 2004 in joint reports by CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology.

NSW has led climate change policy in Australia, and on 11 June 2005 became the first jurisdiction to commit to ambitious long term reduction targets:

- a 60% cut in greenhouse emissions by 2050; and

- return to year 2000 greenhouse emission levels in NSW by 2025.

In addition, NSW has implemented a number of world leading initiatives. Some of these include:

The NSW Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme – The Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme establishes a local market for emissions reductions and greenhouse credits. Under the scheme, mandatory annual targets based on NSW per capita greenhouse emissions must be met by electricity retailers. Retailers can meet their targets directly or by buying ‘credits’ that are created through (a) low-emission electricity generation (eg natural gas, solar, wind); (b) activities that reduce demand and consumption of electricity; (c) carbon sequestration (the capture of carbon from the atmosphere in forests) and (d) activities by large users of electricity that improve the fuel efficiency of production or otherwise reduce on-site emissions. The scheme has already achieved around 16 million tonnes of greenhouse savings since it started in 2003 and will accrue around 120 million tonnes by 2012.

The Building Sustainability Index (BASIX) – Since July 2004, all new single dwelling residential developments in NSW are required to achieve a 40% reduction in water consumption, and a 25% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, compared to the average NSW home. This will increase to a 40% reduction target for greenhouse emissions from July 2006. BASIX will apply to multi-unit residential developments from 1 October 2005, and to alterations and additions to homes from 1 July 2006. It is estimated that BASIX will save 287 billion litres of water and 9.5 million tonnes of greenhouse emissions over 10 years.

Carbon legislation – The NSW Government introduced the world’s first carbon rights legislation in 1998. This legislation recognises carbon sequestration (absorption and storage) by forests in law, and allows the ownership, sale, and management of these carbon rights as a kind of forestry right. Investors can now trade separately in the rights to land, trees and carbon in a given area.

Energy Savings Fund – The Government has established the Water and Energy Savings Funds to provide incentives, particularly for businesses, to introduce measures to make sure they use water and energy more wisely. Some large businesses will be required to undertake energy savings plans. The Fund will provide funding to assist with implementation of these plans. $200 million over 5 years will be available, in the form of a contestable pool of funds for applicants. The fund will be paid for by contributions by electricity distributors.

Forests NSW carbon plantation contracts – Forests NSW plants and manages the forests on behalf of private investors. The three investors are the Tokyo Electric Power Company, Swiss based firm ST Microelectronics and Australian Forestry Management (part of the Rothschild Australia Group). The carbon benefits are all retained by the investors, however there are associated soil, salinity and biodiversity benefits to NSW.

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Green Power – This program, first established in NSW, accredits renewable energy products offered by electricity suppliers to households and businesses across Australia. Consumers can choose to pay a premium on their electricity bills, which ensures that increased electricity is sourced from renewable projects. The NSW Government estimates that the program has stimulated around $191 million in investment and 20 million tonnes of greenhouse gas reduction nationally.

Australian Building Greenhouse Rating scheme – The NSW-initiated voluntary rating scheme is a ‘world first initiative’ to help building owners and tenants across Australia benchmark and improve their greenhouse performance. 29% of NSW commercial office space has been rated and buildings have now been rated in every capital city in Australia.

NSW is also implementing a range of programs with broader environmental sustainability goals that will also ensure improved greenhouse performance across the NSW economy. Such initiatives include:

Metro Strategy – The NSW Metropolitan Strategy will identify directions and provide strategies to respond to the growth and change in the Greater Metropolitan Region of Sydney over the next 30 years. It will outline action that the Government will take through its plans, budget decisions and future choices. Ongoing improvements to public transport and greenhouse-friendly urban design are important goals of the Plan.

Public transport reforms – through the Bus Reforms program the NSW Government is undertaking an overhaul of the metropolitan bus network which aims to create an integrated city-wide bus network with more frequent and reliable services. The NSW Government is also implementing the $1 billion Rail Clearways Program, which is untangling the rail lines to improve the capacity and reliability of Sydney’s suburban rail network.

Clean Car Benchmarks – to allow car buyers to consider the environmental impact of the car they buy, the NSW Government has developed

the Clean Car Benchmarks. The Benchmarks rate all new vehicles based on their greenhouse gas and noxious emissions.

Native Vegetation Reforms – The Native Vegetation Act 2003 prohibits broadscale clearing in NSW (historically a significant contributor to greenhouse emissions) unless it maintains or improves environmental outcomes. Investment programs run by the new Catchment Management Authorities will reward farmers who manage native vegetation for environmental benefits, including retaining, managing and

replanting native vegetation.

A strategic approach to combating climate change in NSWWhile it is the role of the Australian Government to engage in the international sphere and represent the national interest, State Governments also have a long-term interest in equitable, least-cost emission reduction strategies and climate change adaptation plans. The NSW Government is committed not only to playing its part in meeting the challenge of climate change, but also to encouraging other jurisdictions to participate.

Although national forecasts have Australia on track to meet its negotiated Kyoto target, deep emission cuts will require significant changes to our economy over the longer term. In order to ensure a smooth transition to a carbon constrained future, we need to start action sooner rather than later.

The Premier’s Greenhouse Advisory panel, in its submission on the NSW Energy Directions Green Paper, recommended that emissions need to be cut by 60% by 2050 to avoid dangerous climate impacts.

On this basis, NSW is committing to reduce emissions by 60% by 2050, and to return emissions to 2000 levels by 2025. NSW is also advocating a national aspirational target of a 60% reduction in carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by 2050. These targets will provide a clear signal of intent and a focus and context

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for the measures in the Plan. They will help provide investor certainty and position NSW for a carbon constrained future. These targets may be reviewed as climate science improves and the outcomes of

international policy negotiations are known.

A number of policy initiatives are already in place to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in NSW, and this Greenhouse Plan has been developed to build on these and drive further action within the national context.

However, while the policies and actions in this Plan will put NSW on a path toward emission reductions in the order of 60% by 2050, further measures are likely to be required in the future. Much will depend on the development of new technology and the international policy response.

There are many emerging technologies that are under development and showing significant promise for delivering large scale emission reductions. With a price signal for carbon and a target signalling the policy context, we can anticipate significant technological innovation over a 45 year horizon.

As the international framework for a global response develops over time, the NSW Government recognises the need to take into consideration the impacts on particular NSW sectors, particularly those that are trade exposed and compete in global markets. NSW will consider appropriate mechanisms to account for these sectors in the development of a national emissions trading scheme and in future greenhouse initiatives.

The Government is also leading by example – using its significant purchasing power to drive the uptake of new technologies and setting targets for improvements in efficiency of Government use of

water, energy and transport.

The Plan While sustaining a prosperous economy, the Plan seeks to:

• raise awareness of climate issues within the broader community, gain community support for action and build partnerships across the economy

• achieve a better understanding of climate change and its impacts on NSW and start the preparation of strategies for adaptation

• limit the growth of greenhouse emissions and enhance the establishment of offsets such as trees

• place NSW on a long-term pathway to reduce emissions to levels required to avoid dangerous climate change

• facilitate industry take-up of new business opportunities in growing international markets for low-emission goods and services

• work with other governments (both nationally and internationally) towards a coordinated global solution.

NSW acknowledges that:

• climate change is a long-term and complex issue with no easy solution

• it is a global problem which requires a global solution

• uncertainties in the policy environment are not conducive to long-term capital investment

• an effective response will require action by Government, individuals, industry, business and community groups.

However, NSW believes that:

• action to forestall large-scale, irreversible damage from climate change is warranted given the current scientific knowledge about the risks of climate change

• the costs of doing nothing are greater than the costs of acting now

• significant emission reductions can and should be achieved at minimal cost, especially by improving energy use efficiency

• there are significant general environmental, health and social benefits arising from many greenhouse-related actions, such as salinity mitigation, decreased air pollution, regional employment growth and industry development.

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NSW greenhouse policies will therefore:

• be based on sound analysis and good science

• be consistent and coordinated with other State economic, social and environmental objectives

• where possible, be part of a nationally co-ordinated approach

• use a mix of approaches, including market-based measures, information and awareness raising and, where appropriate, regulation

• be equitable so that the emissions reduction task is shared by all sectors and regions

• be comprehensive in coverage of all greenhouse gases, contributing sectors and across short-, medium- and long-term timeframes

• balance efforts between short–term, least-cost emission reduction and long-term technological development

• be cost-effective and maintain NSW’s economic competitiveness

• maximise opportunities for business

• be targeted to achieve additional social or environmental benefits wherever possible

• foster partnerships to provide opportunities to co-operative approaches

• flexibly respond to developments in climate science and national and international policy

• take account of NSW trade exposed

sectors.

Harnessing the power of markets to reduce emissionsAlthough NSW has led greenhouse action in Australia, there is clearly a significant challenge ahead. The NSW Government is committed to ensuring that, as NSW continues to lead on

greenhouse action, an optimal balance is achieved between short and long-term economic, social and environmental outcomes for the people of NSW.

Currently the costs of the impacts of climate change are borne by society and this ‘environmental externality’ should be factored into the decision making of those that emit greenhouse gases. This market failure can be addressed through the use of market-based mechanisms – such as emissions trading – to provide price signals that better reflect the full costs and benefits of individual actions.

Emissions trading can provide a flexible means by which emission reduction targets can be met at least cost to the economy. A well designed scheme can encourage changes in behaviour, increase the uptake of low-emission technologies and drive innovation and investment in long-term greenhouse emission reductions. Its potential has been recognised in the Kyoto Protocol, under which participating countries are able to buy or sell part of their assigned emission allocation. The European Union has commenced an emissions trading scheme to meet its collective emission reduction target.

Under emissions trading a cap is set on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted into the atmosphere, through the issue of a set number of tradable allowances or permits.

Emitters of greenhouse gases are then required to acquit allowances or credits to offset their emissions. Those with a surplus of credits can sell them to others that need more. This new market will effectively place a price on greenhouse emissions and provide an incentive to find new and smarter ways of reducing emissions. Across the economy the least cost emission reduction options will be implemented first.

In the absence of national leadership on greenhouse policy, State and Territory Governments have established a working group to develop a multi-jurisdictional emissions trading scheme. On 31 March 2005, Premiers and Chief Ministers released a joint communiqué, which outlines ten key design propositions to form the basis for further investigation and analysis in developing a national emissions trading scheme. The propositions relate to issues such as setting

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a cap, sectoral coverage, methods for allocating permits and assessing impacts on a range of businesses and consumers.Although the details of a scheme are yet to be finalised, it is likely to focus initially on the stationary energy sector as one of the fastest growing and largest contributors to emissions. The scheme could be expanded to cover other sectors over time. An Australian scheme could also be linked to emerging international systems, opening our economy to new and growing foreign markets and positioning Australia for a carbon-constrained future.

In considering options for such a scheme, NSW supports comprehensive analysis to identify the likely impacts of a scheme (both positive and negative), including the impacts on regions, households, trade-exposed sectors, companies that have taken early action to reduce emissions and new market entrants.

Emissions trading on its own, however, is unlikely to achieve the magnitude of emission reductions necessary as other market failures will limit its potential effectiveness. Some of the barriers to the effectiveness of emissions trading include:

• imperfect information that prevents efficient market operation

• cultural or institutional barriers

• high transaction costs that deter some potential players from participation.

Addressing these barriers and others will require policies that complement emissions trading and might cover data collection, provision of information, education, labelling, financial incentives, subsidies and/or regulation (such as in the case of planning assessments and decisions).

Market failure Policy Option

Lack of market or price signal for the environmental impacts of greenhouse gas emissions.

Market based approaches (such as emissions trading) to create an incentive to implement low-cost emission reduction solutions.

Regulation such as mandatory minimum performance requirements.

Lack of information about the sources and extent of emissions.

Data collection and monitoring to assist in the design of policy responses.

Lack of information available to individuals about:

• climate change impacts

• links between individual action and impact

• impacts of competing goods and services

• options to reduce individual impact.

Education and awareness raising - improving understanding can result in significant behavioural changes.

Investment in research to assess potential risks and vulnerability with and without adaptation.

Labelling schemes – voluntary and mandatory programs can help consumers make choices based on the performance of competing goods and services.

Limited research and development investment in technological innovation.

Financial support for research and development.

New products often have high costs and low sales volume.

The Government can lead by example and use its market power to drive new technologies.

Lack of options for motivated individuals to take action.

Voluntary programs such as Green Power which allows consumers to choose to buy electricity produced from renewable sources.

Cultural barriers, including cultural preferences, lack of trust in new technologies.

Endorsement or accreditation programs (eg Government accreditation of Green Power products).

Awareness raising campaigns to influence social acceptability of options.

Institutional barriers (eg building managers have little incentive to implement energy efficiency measures because energy costs can be passed on to tenants).

Voluntary programs to identify and promote efficiency (eg the Australian Building Greenhouse Rating scheme which provides star ratings for efficient building manager to promote their actions).

Policy options available to address market failures

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Measures for inclusion in the NSW Greenhouse

Plan are divided into three sections:

1. Awareness raising

2. Adaptation to climate change impacts

3. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions

An overview of the approach to address these

challenges is described below. Further details about

individual measures, including the approximate level

of emission reduction, funding requirements and

responsible agency, are provided in Part C – Actions

to be taken under the Greenhouse Plan.

1 Awareness raising

Effectively reducing emissions and planning for

climate change requires everyone’s effort.

The way we live and do business has developed

over time. Until recently, this has occurred without

an appreciation of how our actions are impacting on

the climate. Fortunately there are many simple and

cost effective ways for each of us to reduce emissions

and plan for climate change. Raising community

awareness about the challenge of climate change

and the simple ways in which we can all help is an

important first step.

The NSW Government will raise the community’s

awareness about the causes and risks of climate

change and about ways in which individuals can

reduce their emissions and plan for the future.

Key measures for raising awareness in the NSW

Greenhouse Plan include:

• Publicly recognising the long-term emission

reduction challenge by committing to:

- return to year 2000 greenhouse emission

levels in NSW by 2025.

- achieve a 60% cut in greenhouse emissions

in NSW by 2050; and

- advocate a national target of a 60%

reduction in emissions by 2050.

NSW act ion

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• Implementing an awareness raising

campaign to communicate the challenge

and ways to reduce emissions and

adapt to inevitable change.

• Holding a series of Best Practice

Roundtables to showcase innovative

approaches to emission reduction and

adaptation.

If successful:

• Community understanding of the causes

and risks of climate change will improve.

• Awareness about simple and cost

effective actions will increase.

• More individuals, organisations

and companies will understand the

greenhouse impact of their everyday

actions.

• Acceptance of the need for and support

of Government action will increase.

Further actions are set out in the Plan on

page 31.

2 Adapting to climate change

Adaptation to the impacts of further inevitable

climate change will be necessary.

Climate change projections for NSW warn

that the community should prepare for

higher temperatures, less rainfall, more

frequent and more severe droughts and more

extreme storms. These changes are likely

to have significant impacts on agriculture,

water supply, infrastructure, biodiversity and

human health.

The NSW Government aims to minimise

the impacts of c l imate change through

adaptation measures.

Key measures for adapting to climate change

in the NSW Greenhouse Plan include:

• Establishing an impacts and adaptation

research program, researching likely

bushfire, water availability, flooding,

biodiversity, weeds and pests, human

health, coastal impacts, and impacts on

agriculture and infrastructure, amongst

other things.

• Incorporating climate change into

current environmental monitoring

systems.

• Developing a capacity building program

to support adaptation within state and

local government, interested industry

organisations and the non-government

sector.

If successful:

• Tools and guidelines for adaptation will

be integrated into the planning system.

• There will be a large network of

individuals and organisations preparing

for climate change.

• The agriculture sector will be using tools

and guidelines for adaptation.

• Social, economic and environmental

costs of current climate variability and

extremes, as well as future climate

change, will be reduced.


page 33.

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3 Reducing greenhouse gas emissions

3.1 Government leading by example

Government can reduce its own impact and

help drive markets for new technologies

Each year NSW public sector agencies spend

$16 billion on the purchase of capital works,

equipment and services, use 38,100 million

litres of water, drive 26,000 vehicles and spend

around $416 million on energy. The energy use

alone is responsible for 3.3 million tonnes of

greenhouse gas emissions.

The NSW Government aims to reduce its own

emissions and lead by example.

Key measures for the NSW Government in

the NSW Greenhouse Plan include:

• Strengthening the Government Energy

Management Policy.

• Streamlining the Government’s reporting

on energy, fleets, waste, water and

greenhouse with a publicly accessible

electronic database.

If successful:

• Greenhouse impacts will be integrated

into Government decision making

• Public service expenditure on electricity,

water and vehicle fleets will decrease

• Improved Government practice will

initiate behavioural and management

changes in the wider community and

have flow-on effects such as increasing

the supply of efficient vehicles in the

used car market

• Government purchasing power will

increase markets for new products with

lower greenhouse emissions.


page 36.

3.2 A strategic response

Reducing emissions requires a comprehensive

and cost-effective range of measures.

Greenhouse gas emissions come from almost

all sectors of the economy. A range of measures

will ensure that all sectors can contribute and

to ensure that no opportunities for low cost

emission reduction are missed. Measures

in the areas of research and development,

awareness raising, community empowerment,

capacity building, voluntary programs, market

mechanisms and regulation will be pursued.

T h e N S W G o v e r n m e n t w i l l a d o p t a

comprehensive and cost-effective approach

to long-term emission reductions, taking into

account other NSW environmental, social and

economic objectives.

Key measures for the NSW Government in

the NSW Greenhouse Plan include:

• A commitment to work with States and

Territories to develop a national emissions

trading scheme

• Providing Climate Action Grants to

foster innovation and capacity building,

including support for innovative research

and technologies in areas such as waste,

industrial processes, transport, forestry,

and land use. $2.5 million will be available

each year.

• The undertaking of a major study to

identify promising long-term solutions,

including new technology, to help

achieve future emission reductions.

If successful:

• The commercialisation of climate change

solutions will occur.

• An increasing number of investors will

consider the impact of future emissions

constraints.

Further act ions are set out in the Plan on

page 40.

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3.3 A clean green energy future

Encouraging low emission energy supply and

decreased demand can have a big impact.

Greenhouse gas emissions related to energy

use grew by 25% between 1990 and 2002, and

account for around 47% of NSW emissions.

Energy is the largest and one of the fastest

growing emission-generating sectors and by

2010 national energy-related emissions are

projected to be 41% higher than 1990 levels.

In NSW approximately 91% of our electricity

supply comes from coal-fired generation,

about 6% from hydro-electric generation, and

the remainder predominantly from gas-fired

generation. The sectors using the most energy

are manufacturing (42%), residential (23%),

commercial (18%) and mining (14%).

The NSW Government aims to curb growth in

energy emissions and reduce energy intensity,

while ensuring reliable, affordable and secure

access to energy for all.

The Government has already released an Energy

Directions Green Paper to foster discussion

on how the Government should respond to

increasing demand for electricity, in the context of

managing greenhouse gas emissions and the long

lead times necessary for planning, financing and

constructing new power generation. Following

consideration of submissions on the Green

Paper, a White Paper that outlines expectations

for future electricity generation projects will be

finalised.

The Government has established an Energy

Savings Fund, which will provide financial support,

primarily on a contestable basis, for energy

savings measures and to stimulate investment in

innovative energy savings measures.

Further measures in the NSW Greenhouse

Plan include:

• Leading the development of a national

emissions trading system

• Extending the NSW Greenhouse Gas

Abatement Scheme to 2020, and then

extending it on a 15 year rolling basis

if agreement on a national approach is

delayed.

• Setting minimum standards for new

commercial buildings, and improving the

performance of existing buildings.

If successful:

• The emissions intensity of electricity will

decrease

• Per capita energy use will decline

• Reduced energy demand will provide

financial savings to customers.


page 43.

3.4 Better transport solutions

Public transport and active travel (walking,

cycling) provide low emission alternatives to car

travel.

Transport contributes 15% of total NSW emissions

and grew by 20% between 1990 and 2002.

Nationally, transport emissions are projected to

increase 42% from 1990 levels by 2010 and 61%

by 2020. Road transport accounts for around

75% of NSW’s total transport emissions.

We are driving more cars, more often. Over the

last 30 years the total number of Australian cars

has grown three times faster than population.

In the last decade, in Sydney the number of

kilometres travelled per vehicle has risen more

than twice as fast as the population.

There has been little improvement in the last

decade in the average fuel efficiency of vehicles

and gains that have been achieved are being

offset by the increasing demand for more and

larger cars.

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The NSW Government aims to curb the growth

in transport emissions whi le maximising

transport choice.

Key transport measures in the NSW Greenhouse

Plan include:

• Improving rail services though The Rail

Clearways Program and bus services

through bus reform, including the

Passenger Transport Amendment (Bus

Reform) Act 2004.

• The introduction of a voluntary green

vehicle registration program allowing

people to choose to pay more and have

their emissions offset by planting trees.

• An environmental rating scheme for heavy

vehicles to recognise better environmental

performance and new leading edge

technologies used in trucks and buses.

If successful, there will be:

• Less emissions for distance travelled.

• Increased use of public transport.

• Increase in the proportion of cleaner vehicles on the road, resulting in reduced air pollution.

• Increased uptake of active transport, such as walking and cycling, resulting in health benefits.

• Reduced emissions intensity of freight

transport.


page 47.

3.5 Waste, industrial processes and

fugitive emissions

There is significant potential to reduce non-

energy related emissions from industry.

Emissions from the decay of municipal waste,

industrial processes (such as the production

of metals and cement) and fugitive emissions

from fossil fuel production together contributed

around 20% of NSW emissions in 2002. Since

1990 emissions from industrial processes and

fugitive sources declined significantly. However,

waste emissions have grown strongly and all

three sectors are projected to grow in the decade

ahead. There is significant potential to find cost-

effective low greenhouse alternatives.

The NSW Government aims to reduce non-

energy greenhouse emissions from industry.

Key measures in the NSW Greenhouse Plan

include:

• Developing guidelines for the consideration

of greenhouse gas emissions in

Environmental Impact Assessments.

• Providing credit under the NSW

Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme for

emissions abatement due to avoided waste

disposal.

• Developing a Waste Infrastructure Planning

Strategy and guidelines on the recovery of

energy from waste.

If successful:

• Resource and energy recovery will increase

and disposal to landfill will decrease.

• Methane from mines, industry and landfills

will be used as an energy resource.

• Gases or processes with low global

warming potential will replace potent

industrial (synthetic) gases in refrigeration

and other uses.


page 51.

3.6 Natural resources and land

management

There are significant opportunities for emission

reduction and carbon sequestration in the natural

resource and Agriculture sectors.

Agriculture emissions contributed 14% of

NSW total emissions in 2002. Strong growth in

emissions from soils was offset by a large decline

in emissions from livestock. This is likely to be a

temporary effect of reduced stock numbers due

to drought. Emissions from land clearing declined

a significant 60% between 1990 and 2002,

contributing 5% of total emissions in 2002.

There are significant opportunities to increase the

amount of carbon sequestered in vegetation and

the soil. The Australian Bureau of Agriculture

and Resource Economics estimates that it would

be economic to grow trees to ‘lock up’ more than

440 million tonnes (Mt) of carbon in plantations if

the market price for carbon dioxide was $30 per

tonne, 278 Mt at $15 per tonne, and 106 Mt at

$5 per tonne. The current market price is over

$10 per tonne and likely to increase over time.

The NSW Government aims to reduce e m i s s i o n s a n d i n c r e a s e c a r b o n

sequestration in these sectors.

Key natural resource and land management

measures in the NSW Greenhouse Plan include:

• Improving estimates of carbon

sequestered through improved soil and

vegetation management.

• Piloting a system which allows a

Catchment Management Authority to

bring together revegetation projects to

seek to realise their carbon value.

If successful:

• Livestock emissions will decline per

animal.

• Accreditation of carbon sequestration

projects and their coverage will increase.

• Soil carbon conservation practices will

increase.

• Total carbon sequestration by vegetation,

and in particular by native vegetation,

should increase.


page 54.

Implementation, monitoring and review of the

NSW Greenhouse Plan

Implementation of the Greenhouse Plan will

be overseen by a group of CEOs of relevant

Government agencies, chaired by the Director

General of The Cabinet Office. Membership includes

the Department of Energy, Utilities and Sustainability,

the Department of Environment and Conservation,

the Department of Planning, the Department of

Natural Resources, the Department of State and

Regional Development, the Department of Primary

Industries, and NSW Treasury. Secretariat support is

provided by the NSW Greenhouse Office.

Responsible agencies will report progress on

each of their actions to the CEO Steering Group

every six months. Annual reports on progress in

implementing the strategy will be publicly released

in June 2006 and June 2007.

The NSW Government wants to ensure that the

Plan remains relevant and effective. Additional

policies and commitments will be developed and

added to the Greenhouse Plan as commitments

are delivered and new opportunities emerge.

The Premier’s Greenhouse Advisory Panel will be

involved in review and updating of the Plan.

The NSW Greenhouse Plan will be reviewed and

updated regularly. The Government will actively

seek the views of key stakeholders and the

wider community when preparing updates and

developing additional actions.

New commitments added to the Plan will be

available on the Greenhouse Office website at

www.greenhouseinfo.nsw.gov.au/

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

28

29

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

30

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

The NSW Greenhouse Plan sets out action to:

1. Raise community awareness about the

climate change challenge

2. Facilitate adaptation to climate change

impacts

3. Reduce or abate greenhouse gas emissions,

through:

3.1 Government leading by example

3.2 A strategic response

3.3 A clean green energy future

3.4 Better transport solutions

3.5 Waste, industrial processes and

fugitive emissions

3.6 Natural resources and land

management

Notes on the following tables

• Low, medium and high abatement is

defined as annual emission reductions of

less than 1Mt, 1-5 Mt and more than

5 Mt of CO2e respectively.

• “Ongoing” means that emission

reductions will continue to reduce

emissions below business as usual

indefinitely.

• Existing funding has not been estimated

for those measures where it is difficult to

isolate the greenhouse component of a

broader program.

NSW Greenhouse Plan List of Act ions

31

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

1.

Rai

sin

g c

om

mu

nit

y aw

aren

ess

Effe

ctiv

ely

red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

and

pla

nnin

g fo

r cl

imat

e ch

ange

req

uire

s a

cont

ribut

ion

from

eve

ryon

e.

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t w

ill r

aise

the

com

mun

ity’s

aw

aren

ess

abou

t th

e ca

uses

and

imp

acts

of c

limat

e ch

ange

and

ab

out

way

s in

whi

ch in

div

idua

ls c

an r

educ

e th

eir

emis

sion

s an

d p

lan

for

the

futu

re.

To d

o th

is,

the

NS

W G

over

nmen

t w

ill:

• Im

ple

men

t ta

rget

ed e

duc

atio

n ca

mp

aign

s

• P

rovi

de

easi

ly a

cces

sib

le in

form

atio

n on

the

bes

t sc

ienc

e on

clim

ate

chan

ge im

pac

ts a

nd s

olut

ions

• P

ublic

ly r

ecog

nise

and

cha

mp

ion

the

need

for

long

-ter

m e

mis

sion

red

uctio

ns.

Ou

r co

mm

itm

ents

Rai

sing

com

mun

ity a

war

enes

sTy

pe

of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Inno

vatio

n

Fund

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

1.1

P

ublic

ly r

ecog

nisi

ng t

he lo

ng-t

erm

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

chal

leng

e b

y co

mm

ittin

g to

:

•

ret

urn

to y

ear

2000

gre

enho

use

emis

sion

s le

vels

in N

SW

by

2025

.

•

ach

ieve

a 6

0% c

ut in

gre

enho

use

emis

sion

s in

NS

W b

y 20

50; a

nd

•

adv

ocat

e a

natio

nal t

arge

t of a

60%

redu

ctio

n in

em

issi

ons

by 2

050.

A c

lear

sta

tem

ent

of t

he fu

ture

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

task

pro

vid

es

clea

r no

tice

to in

dus

try

and

inve

stor

s of

the

nee

d t

o d

iver

t in

vest

men

t to

less

car

bon

inte

nsiv

e in

fras

truc

ture

and

pro

mot

e in

nova

tion

in e

mis

sion

red

uctio

n te

chno

logy

. It

also

ass

ists

ind

ustr

y ris

k m

anag

emen

t, a

nd p

rom

otes

inve

stor

con

fiden

ce.

Ed

ucat

ion

+

awar

enes

sN

A-

-TC

O

1.2

Im

ple

men

t an

aw

aren

ess

rais

ing

cam

pai

gn t

o co

mm

unic

ate

the

chal

leng

e of

clim

ate

chan

ge,

and

way

s to

red

uce

emis

sion

s an

d ad

apt

to in

evita

ble

cha

nge

The

issu

es s

urro

und

ing

clim

ate

chan

ge a

re c

omp

lex,

wid

e-ra

ngin

g an

d a

t tim

es c

ontr

over

sial

. It

is im

per

ativ

e to

com

mun

icat

e w

ith a

ll se

ctor

s of

the

com

mun

ity t

o in

form

the

m o

f the

imp

acts

tha

t af

fect

th

em a

nd t

o m

otiv

ate

ind

ivid

ual a

ctio

ns t

hat

assi

st in

miti

gatio

n an

d a

dap

tatio

n to

clim

ate

chan

ge.

A r

ange

of c

omm

unic

atio

n an

d co

nsul

tatio

n st

rate

gies

will

be

used

to

mor

e ef

fect

ivel

y en

gage

co

mm

uniti

es.

Sp

ecifi

c gr

oup

s w

ill h

ave

info

rmat

ion

targ

eted

for

thei

r ne

eds.

Ed

ucat

ion

+

awar

enes

sN

A-

7.5

TCO

32

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

1.3

E

stab

lish

a cl

imat

e ch

ange

web

site

as

a ga

tew

ay t

o th

e la

test

re

sear

ch

A N

SW

clim

ate

chan

ge w

ebsi

te w

ill b

e de

velo

ped

spec

ifica

lly fo

r th

e pe

ople

of N

SW

as

a ce

ntra

l sou

rce

on t

he la

test

sci

ence

and

res

earc

h.

This

web

site

wou

ld in

clud

e cl

imat

e ch

ange

info

rmat

ion

reso

urce

s fo

r us

e in

a r

ange

of p

rogr

ams

for

hous

ehol

ds, f

arm

ers,

loca

l gov

ernm

ent,

catc

hmen

t m

anag

emen

t au

thor

ities

and

indu

stry

. It

will

also

pro

vide

lin

ks t

o ot

her

auth

orita

tive

sour

ces

and

avoi

d du

plic

atio

n w

ith e

xist

ing

site

s.

Ed

ucat

ion

+

awar

enes

sN

A-

-TC

O

1.4

In

trod

uce

stan

dard

labe

lling

of g

reen

hous

e pe

rfor

man

ce o

n el

ectr

icity

bills

and

poi

nt o

f sal

e di

sclo

sure

of h

ome

ener

gy

effic

ienc

y ra

tings

Con

sum

ers

will

be b

ette

r in

form

ed t

hrou

gh:

•

A s

tand

ard

labe

l on

elec

tric

ity b

ills t

o al

low

com

paris

on o

f the

gr

eenh

ouse

per

form

ance

of c

ompe

ting

reta

ilers

, inc

ludi

ng

info

rmat

ion

on fu

el m

ix a

nd e

mis

sion

s

•

dis

clos

ure

of h

ome

ener

gy e

ffici

ency

rat

ings

to

pros

pect

ive

hom

e bu

yers

.

Ed

ucat

ion

+

awar

enes

s

Med

ium

-O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng

over

tim

e

0.45

-

DE

US

1.5

E

stab

lish

Gre

en W

heel

s –

a dr

iver

info

rmat

ion

and

actio

n pr

ogra

m

The

prog

ram

will

aim

to

info

rm a

nd e

ngag

e N

SW

driv

ers

on t

hing

s th

ey c

an d

o to

red

uce

emis

sion

s. It

will

incl

ude

info

rmat

ion

kits

and

a

Volu

ntar

y G

reen

Reg

istr

atio

n S

chem

e to

enc

oura

ge d

river

s to

offs

et

thei

r ca

r’s g

reen

hous

e ga

s em

issi

ons.

Ed

ucat

ion

+

awar

enes

s an

d A

bat

emen

t (V

olun

tary

)

Low

- O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng

over

tim

e

-0.

5R

TA

1.6

D

evel

op e

asy

acce

ss g

uide

s fo

r pe

ople

tra

vellin

g to

and

from

G

over

nmen

t ag

enci

es

Eas

y ac

cess

gui

des

will

prov

ide

cust

omis

ed t

rave

l inf

orm

atio

n fo

r pe

ople

tra

vellin

g to

and

from

a p

artic

ular

site

or

venu

e us

ing

low

ene

rgy

form

s of

tra

nspo

rt -

wal

king

, cyc

ling,

or

publ

ic t

rans

port

. The

obj

ectiv

e is

to

mak

e th

e ch

oice

to

trav

el b

y th

ese

mod

es e

asie

r.

Ed

ucat

ion

+

awar

enes

sN

A-

-TC

O /

STA

1.7

In

form

farm

ers

abou

t ho

w t

hey

can

impr

ove

the

gree

nhou

se g

as

bala

nce

on t

heir

prop

ertie

s

Thre

e m

easu

res

will

prov

ide

farm

ers

with

opt

ions

and

idea

s:

•

Dev

elop

men

t of

a s

impl

e ‘r

eady

rec

kone

r’ t

o es

timat

e to

tal

emis

sion

s

•

Cat

chm

ent

Man

agem

ent

Aut

horit

ies

will

be p

rovi

ded

with

in

form

atio

n to

incl

ude

in la

nd m

anag

emen

t ed

ucat

ion

prog

ram

s.

•

Dep

artm

ent

of P

rimar

y In

dust

ries

exte

nsio

n st

aff w

ill be

tra

ined

on

how

to

assi

st fa

rmer

s to

ada

pt t

o cl

imat

e ch

ange

.

This

will

be im

plem

ente

d in

con

junc

tion

with

initi

ativ

e 2.

4.

Ed

ucat

ion

+

awar

enes

sLo

w

– m

ediu

m-

See

2.5

DP

I / D

NR

1.8

E

stab

lish

annu

al P

rem

ier’s

Gre

enho

use

Aw

ards

The

Pre

mie

r’s G

reen

hous

e A

war

ds w

ill re

cogn

ise

lead

ing

prop

onen

ts o

f gr

eenh

ouse

red

uctio

n in

NS

W a

cros

s a

rang

e of

sec

tors

.

Ed

ucat

ion

+

awar

enes

sN

A-

-TC

O

33

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

2.

Ad

apti

ng

to

clim

ate

chan

ge

Ad

apta

tion

to t

he im

pac

ts o

f fur

ther

inev

itab

le c

limat

e ch

ange

will

be

nece

ssar

y.

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t ai

ms

red

uce

the

imp

acts

of

clim

ate

chan

ge a

nd c

aptu

re p

oten

tial

ben

efits

thr

ough

ad

apta

tion.

To

do

this

, th

e N

SW

Gov

ernm

ent

will

:

• Im

pro

ve o

ur u

nder

stan

din

g of

imp

acts

• In

itiat

e ad

apta

tion

pro

gram

s an

d d

evel

op a

dap

tatio

n st

rate

gies

.

Ou

r co

mm

itm

ents

Ad

aptin

g to

clim

ate

chan

geTy

pe

of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Inno

vatio

n

Fund

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

Imp

rove

our

und

erst

and

ing

of im

pac

ts

2.1

E

stab

lish

a re

sear

ch p

rogr

am, i

nclu

ding

impa

cts

on b

ushf

ires,

co

asta

l im

pact

s, w

ater

ava

ilabi

lity,

floo

ding

, bio

dive

rsity

, wee

ds a

nd

pest

s an

d hu

man

hea

lth

Impr

oved

kno

wle

dge

of t

he im

pact

s of

clim

ate

chan

ge w

ill be

dev

elop

ed

thro

ugh

rese

arch

in: b

ushf

ire r

isk;

coa

stal

ero

sion

haz

ard

and

stor

m

surg

e; e

stua

rine

inun

datio

n; w

ater

ava

ilabi

lity

and

flood

ing

in t

he G

reat

er

Met

ropo

litan

Reg

ion;

wat

er a

vaila

bilit

y in

the

Mur

ray-

Dar

ling

Bas

in;

flood

ing

on t

he N

SW

Nor

th C

oast

; bio

dive

rsity

; wee

ds a

nd p

ests

in n

atur

al

and

agric

ultu

ral s

yste

ms;

and

hum

an h

ealth

ris

ks fr

om c

limat

e ch

ange

.

Prio

ritie

s fo

r re

sear

ch w

ill be

iden

tifie

d on

the

bas

is o

f the

ir po

tent

ial

to n

egat

ivel

y im

pact

on

the

econ

omy,

soc

iety

and

the

env

ironm

ent.

S

take

hold

ers

will

be in

clud

ed in

the

dev

elop

men

t an

d op

erat

ion

of

rese

arch

pro

ject

s to

hel

p to

bui

ld r

egio

nal e

xper

tise,

rel

evan

ce a

nd

acce

ptan

ce o

f the

find

ings

. Inv

olve

men

t m

echa

nism

s in

clud

e pa

rtic

ipat

ion

in s

teer

ing

com

mitt

ees

or r

efer

ence

gro

ups.

Res

earc

h an

d d

evel

opm

ent

NA

0.5

$2.0

TC

O

2.2

In

corp

orat

e cl

imat

e ch

ange

into

cur

rent

env

ironm

enta

l mon

itorin

g sy

stem

s

The

Gov

ernm

ent

curr

ently

mon

itors

a r

ange

of i

ndic

ator

s su

ch a

s se

a le

vel,

river

flow

s, w

ater

qua

lity

and

the

dist

ribut

ion

of p

lant

s an

d an

imal

s.

Thes

e re

cord

s ca

n pr

ovid

e in

form

atio

n ab

out

the

exte

nt o

f clim

ate

chan

ge

and

its e

ffect

s. T

he G

over

nmen

t w

ill en

hanc

e th

is c

olle

ctio

n ne

twor

k to

im

prov

e its

val

ue in

det

ectin

g cl

imat

e ch

ange

.

Dat

a co

llect

ion

+

mon

itorin

gN

A-

-D

NR

/ D

EC

34

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

Initi

ate

adap

tatio

n p

roce

sses

2.3

D

evel

op a

cap

acity

bui

ldin

g pr

ogra

m fo

r ad

apta

tion

with

in s

tate

and

lo

cal g

over

nmen

t, in

tere

sted

indu

stry

org

anis

atio

ns a

nd t

he N

GO

se

ctor

An

inte

rnal

tea

m o

f exp

erts

will

wor

k w

ith s

tate

and

loca

l gov

ernm

ent

agen

cies

and

indu

stry

org

anis

atio

ns t

o im

prov

e un

ders

tand

ing

of t

he

impa

ct o

f clim

ate

chan

ge o

n th

e or

gani

satio

n’s

area

of r

espo

nsib

ility

or b

usin

ess.

Are

as o

f ris

k w

ill be

iden

tifie

d an

d qu

antif

ied

and

poss

ible

ad

apta

tion

stra

tegi

es w

ill be

ass

esse

d.

Cap

acity

b

uild

ing

NA

-$1

.0

TCO

2.4

S

tren

gthe

n th

e cl

imat

olog

y in

agr

icul

ture

pro

gram

and

dev

elop

too

ls

and

guid

elin

es fo

r us

e by

farm

ers

and

catc

hmen

t m

anag

emen

t au

thor

ities

Furt

her

reso

urce

s ar

e re

quire

d to

pro

mot

e pr

epar

edne

ss fo

r bo

th t

he

curr

ent

clim

ate

and

clim

ate

chan

ge. A

n ex

pand

ed c

limat

olog

y te

am w

ill us

e a

trai

n-th

e-tr

aine

r ap

proa

ch t

o im

prov

e th

e sk

ills a

nd k

now

ledg

e of

D

PI f

ront

-line

ext

ensi

on s

taff,

Cat

chm

ent

Man

agem

ent

Aut

horit

y st

aff,

priv

ate

sect

or a

gric

ultu

ral i

ndus

try

advi

sers

and

farm

ing

orga

nisa

tions

. Th

e C

SIR

O w

ill be

com

mis

sion

ed t

o pr

ovid

e cl

imat

e an

d cl

imat

e ch

ange

pro

files

for

key

loca

tions

in e

ach

catc

hmen

t ar

ea.

Cat

chm

ent

Man

agem

ent

Aut

horit

ies

will

be a

ble

to u

se t

he p

rofil

es t

o as

sist

the

ir de

velo

pmen

t of

cat

chm

ent

actio

n pl

ans

and

wat

er s

harin

g pl

ans.

This

initi

ativ

e w

ill be

impl

emen

ted

in c

onju

nctio

n w

ith 1

.7.

Cap

acity

b

uild

ing

NA

-$1

.0D

PI /

DN

R

2.5

D

evel

op t

ools

and

gui

delin

es fo

r us

e in

land

use

pla

nnin

g an

d de

velo

pmen

t as

sess

men

t (in

clud

ing

cons

ider

atio

n in

the

Bui

ldin

g C

ode

of A

ustr

alia

)

Gui

delin

es a

nd o

ther

dec

isio

n su

ppor

t to

ols

will

be p

rovi

ded

to lo

cal

gove

rnm

ent

and

othe

r co

nsen

t au

thor

ities

to

assi

st in

inco

rpor

atin

g cl

imat

e ch

ange

con

side

ratio

n in

to la

nd u

se p

lans

and

the

dev

elop

men

t as

sess

men

t pr

oces

s.

Cap

acity

b

uild

ing

NA

--

DoP

2.6

R

esea

rch

likel

y co

asta

l im

pact

s an

d in

vest

igat

e th

e fe

asib

ility

of a

co

asta

l ada

ptat

ion

prog

ram

Res

earc

h on

the

like

ly im

pact

of c

limat

e ch

ange

on

coas

tal e

rosi

on a

nd

inun

datio

n w

ill id

entif

y as

sets

at

risk

and

faci

litat

e th

e co

nsid

erat

ion

of a

ra

nge

of m

anag

emen

t op

tions

. One

opt

ion

coul

d be

the

est

ablis

hmen

t of

a n

atio

nally

coo

rdin

ated

coa

stal

ada

ptat

ion

prog

ram

to

be p

ursu

ed

thro

ugh

NS

W p

artic

ipat

ion

in t

he N

atio

nal D

isas

ter

Miti

gatio

n P

rogr

am.

Cap

acity

b

uild

ing

NA

--

DN

R

2.7

D

evel

op a

NS

W im

plem

enta

tion

plan

for

the

Nat

iona

l Bio

dive

rsity

an

d C

limat

e C

hang

e A

ctio

n P

lan

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t ha

s en

dors

ed t

he N

atio

nal B

iodi

vers

ity a

nd

Clim

ate

Cha

nge

Act

ion

Pla

n 20

04-2

007

and

is c

urre

ntly

in t

he p

roce

ss o

f pr

epar

ing

an im

plem

enta

tion

plan

.

Cap

acity

b

uild

ing

NA

--

DE

C

35

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.

Red

uci

ng

gre

enh

ou

se g

as e

mis

sio

ns

Em

issi

on r

educ

tion

mea

sure

s ar

e ar

rang

ed u

nder

the

the

mes

:

3.1

Gov

ernm

ent

lead

ing

by

exam

ple

3.2

Em

issi

ons

trad

ing

and

str

ateg

ic r

efor

m

3.3

A c

lean

gre

en e

nerg

y fu

ture

3.4

Bet

ter

tran

spor

t so

lutio

ns

3.5

Was

te,

ind

ustr

ial p

roce

sses

and

fugi

tive

emis

sion

s

3.6

Nat

ural

res

ourc

es a

nd la

nd m

anag

emen

t

3.1

G

ove

rnm

ent

lead

ing

by

exam

ple

Gov

ernm

ent

can

red

uce

its o

wn

imp

act

and

hel

p d

rive

mar

kets

for

new

tec

hnol

ogie

s.

Eac

h ye

ar N

SW

pub

lic s

ecto

r ag

enci

es s

pen

d $

16 b

illio

n on

the

pur

chas

e of

eq

uip

men

t an

d s

ervi

ces,

use

38,

100

mill

ion

litre

s of

wat

er,

driv

e

arou

nd 2

4,00

0 ve

hicl

es a

nd s

pen

d a

roun

d $

400

mill

ion

on e

nerg

y. T

he e

nerg

y us

e al

one

is r

esp

onsi

ble

for

3.3

mill

ion

tonn

es o

f gr

eenh

ouse

gas

emis

sion

s.

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t ai

ms

to r

educ

e its

ow

n em

issi

ons

and

lead

by

exam

ple

.

To d

o th

is,

the

Gov

ernm

ent

is:

• C

onsi

der

ing

gree

nhou

se in

all

rele

vant

dec

isio

n m

akin

g

• B

eing

mor

e ef

ficie

nt in

its

use

of e

nerg

y an

d w

ater

• D

rivin

g an

d t

rave

lling

less

and

usi

ng m

ore

effic

ient

veh

icle

s

• P

rod

ucin

g le

ss w

aste

• U

sing

gov

ernm

ent

pur

chas

ing

pow

er t

o p

rom

ote

good

pra

ctic

e

• D

evel

opin

g an

d im

ple

men

ting

new

act

ions

to

furt

her

red

uce

our

imp

act.

36

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

Ou

r ac

hie

vem

ents

so

far

NS

W h

as a

lread

y im

ple

men

ted

the

follo

win

g ac

tions

to

red

uce

gree

nhou

se g

as e

mis

sion

s fr

om it

s ow

n ac

tiviti

es.

Red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

- G

over

nmen

t le

adin

g b

y ex

amp

leTy

pe

of m

easu

reE

mis

sion

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

3.1.

1

Est

ablis

hed

the

NS

W G

reen

hous

e O

ffice

The

Gre

enho

use

Offi

ce h

as b

een

esta

blis

hed

with

in t

he P

rem

ier’s

por

tfol

io t

o co

-ord

inat

e a

who

le o

f gov

ernm

ent

resp

onse

to

gree

nhou

se e

mis

sion

red

uctio

n an

d ad

apta

tion

to t

he im

pac

ts o

f clim

ate

chan

ge.

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

gN

A4.

8TC

O

3.1.

2

Intr

oduc

ed L

ight

Em

ittin

g D

iod

e (L

ED

) tra

ffic

light

s in

NS

W

The

intr

oduc

tion

of L

ED

ligh

ts is

red

ucin

g gr

eenh

ouse

em

issi

ons

by

up t

o 70

%

com

par

ed t

o ol

d li

ghtin

g sy

stem

s. A

ll ne

w t

raffi

c lig

hts

bei

ng in

stal

led

use

thi

s em

issi

on-s

avin

g te

chno

logy

. O

ne t

hird

of e

xist

ing

light

s w

ill b

e re

pla

ced

by

LED

sy

stem

s ov

er t

he n

ext

thre

e ye

ars.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Low

–

Ong

oing

18.8

(loa

n)R

TA

3.1.

3

Intr

oduc

ed r

etro

fittin

g of

Dep

artm

ent

of H

ousi

ng p

rop

ertie

s

Wat

er s

avin

gs d

evic

es,

incl

udin

g ‘A

AA’

sho

wer

ros

es a

nd d

ual-

flush

cis

tern

s no

t on

ly

red

uce

wat

er c

onsu

mp

tion

but

als

o re

duc

e el

ectr

icity

dem

and

for

wat

er h

eatin

g an

d p

ump

ing.

Syd

ney

Wat

er a

nd t

he D

epar

tmen

t of

Hou

sing

is in

vest

ing

$3m

to

retr

ofit

Dep

artm

ent

pro

per

ties

with

wat

er s

avin

g d

evic

es.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Low

–

Ong

oing

-D

OH

/

Syd

ney

Wat

er

3.1.

4

Set

a t

arge

t of

red

uced

flee

t em

issi

ons

of 2

0% b

y 20

08 t

hrou

gh p

urch

ase

of

clea

ner

gree

ner

vehi

cles

and

rem

oval

of V

8s fr

om t

he g

over

nmen

t co

ntra

ct

Ove

r 1%

of t

he N

SW

Gov

ernm

ent

car

fleet

will

com

pris

e hy

brid

tec

hnol

ogy

vehi

cles

. In

ad

diti

on,

usin

g th

e N

SW

Cle

an C

ar B

ench

mar

ks (w

hich

mea

sure

gre

enho

use

gas

and

nox

ious

pol

luta

nt e

mis

sion

s) t

he fl

eet

will

be

imp

rove

d fr

om it

s cu

rren

t av

erag

e sc

ore

of 9

.5 o

ut o

f 20

to 1

2 ou

t of

20

by

2007

/08

by

the

pur

chas

e of

cle

aner

car

s.

Targ

ets

will

be

revi

ewed

in 2

007.

In a

dd

ition

, V

8 ve

hicl

es w

ill n

o lo

nger

be

avai

lab

le

on g

over

nmen

t co

ntra

ct (e

mer

genc

y ve

hicl

es e

xclu

ded

).

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Low

–

Ong

oing

-C

omm

erce

3.1.

5

Com

men

ced

tria

l of B

iod

iese

l on

Gov

ernm

ent

Ferr

ies

Bio

die

sel i

s a

rene

wab

le fu

el w

ith lo

wer

life

cyc

le C

O2

emis

sion

s th

an c

onve

ntio

nal

die

sel.

The

Syd

ney

Ferr

ies

tria

l of b

iod

iese

l will

hel

p d

evel

op t

he m

arke

t fo

r b

iod

iese

l an

d r

educ

e ou

r d

epen

den

cy o

n fo

ssil

fuel

s, w

hile

red

ucin

g gr

eenh

ouse

em

issi

ons

from

the

Gov

ernm

ent

tran

spor

t fle

et.

Res

earc

h an

d d

evel

opm

ent

NA

-S

ydne

y Fe

rrie

s

37

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.1.

6

Sup

por

ted

the

dev

elop

men

t of

a n

atio

nal H

igh

Ene

rgy

Effi

cien

cy

Pro

cure

men

t P

olic

y

The

Gov

ernm

ent

is c

omm

itted

to

wor

king

with

oth

er ju

risd

ictio

ns t

hrou

gh t

he

Min

iste

rial C

ounc

il on

Ene

rgy

(MC

E) t

o in

trod

uce

a H

igh

Ene

rgy

Effi

cien

cy

Pro

cure

men

t P

olic

y fo

r A

ustr

alia

n G

over

nmen

ts b

y m

id 2

005.

Und

er t

his

pol

icy,

go

vern

men

ts w

ill o

nly

pur

chas

e an

d/o

r le

ase

elec

tric

al e

qui

pm

ent

that

ap

pea

rs o

n th

e na

tiona

l Hig

h E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Dat

abas

e.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Low

–

Ong

oing

In

crea

sing

ov

er t

ime

-D

EU

S

3.1.

7

Imp

lem

ente

d t

he G

over

nmen

t E

nerg

y M

anag

emen

t P

olic

y

The

Gov

ernm

ent

Ene

rgy

Man

agem

ent

Pol

icy

was

firs

t in

trod

uced

in 1

998

to

achi

eve

the

twin

goa

ls o

f bet

ter

finan

cial

per

form

ance

and

imp

rove

d e

nviro

nmen

tal

outc

omes

. R

educ

ed e

nerg

y co

nsum

ptio

n th

roug

h le

ss w

asta

ge a

nd g

reat

er e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy,

and

gre

ater

use

of “

gree

n” e

nerg

y te

chno

logi

es a

re s

een

as in

tegr

al t

o th

e ac

hiev

emen

t of

the

pol

icy’

s go

als.

Und

er t

he p

olic

y, a

genc

ies

set

targ

ets

alig

ned

with

th

e G

over

nmen

t’s o

vera

ll ta

rget

s.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Low

–

Ong

oing

+

incr

easi

ng

over

tim

e

-D

EU

S

3.1.

8

Ap

plie

d p

rinci

ple

s of

ene

rgy

effic

ient

des

ign

to G

over

nmen

t b

uild

ings

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t A

rchi

tect

’s O

ffice

und

erta

kes

pro

ject

s th

at d

emon

stra

te t

he

Gov

ernm

ent’s

com

mitm

ent

to E

nviro

nmen

tally

Sus

tain

able

Des

ign.

The

Offi

ce a

ssis

t w

ith t

he d

esig

n of

a w

ide

rang

e of

Gov

ernm

ent

bui

ldin

g p

roje

cts

such

as

the

des

ign

of s

choo

ls a

nd T

AFE

s.

Bas

ic e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncie

s ar

e in

corp

orat

ed,

such

as

bui

ldin

g or

ient

atio

n, s

had

ing,

win

dow

des

ign

and

hea

t re

cove

ry a

ir co

nditi

onin

g sy

stem

s.

The

Offi

ce a

lso

has

a sp

ecia

list

Ene

rgy

Effi

cien

cy U

nit

that

dire

ctly

ass

ists

oth

er

Gov

ernm

ent

agen

cies

in m

eetin

g gr

eenh

ouse

pol

icy

and

ene

rgy

savi

ng in

itiat

ives

.

Ab

atem

ent

(Vol

unta

ry)

Low

(o

ngoi

ng)

-C

omm

erce

38

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

Ou

r co

mm

itm

ents

The

follo

win

g in

itiat

ives

will

ext

end

the

NS

W G

over

nmen

t’s e

mis

sion

s-re

duc

ing

activ

ity.

Red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

- G

over

nmen

t le

adin

g b

y ex

amp

leTy

pe

of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Inno

vatio

n

Fund

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

Con

sid

er g

reen

hous

e in

all

rele

vant

dec

isio

n m

akin

g

3.1.

9

Intr

oduc

e st

ream

lined

rep

ortin

g on

wat

er,

was

te,

ener

gy,

gree

nhou

se a

nd fl

eets

.

Gov

ernm

ent

agen

cy r

epor

ting

on r

esou

rce

use

and

sus

tain

abili

ty w

ill b

e st

ream

lined

by

intr

oduc

ing

a un

iform

, us

er-f

riend

ly e

lect

roni

c d

atab

ase

that

is a

cces

sib

le b

y th

e p

ublic

. A

genc

ies

will

rep

ort

on:

•

E

nerg

y an

d w

ater

use

und

er t

he G

over

nmen

t E

nerg

y M

anag

emen

t P

olic

y

•

C

omm

erci

al o

ffice

env

ironm

enta

l per

form

ance

•

C

lean

er G

over

nmen

t Fl

eet

oper

atio

n

•

W

aste

gen

erat

ion

•

G

reen

hous

e ga

s em

issi

ons.

Ed

ucat

ion

+

awar

enes

sN

A0.

3-

DE

US

3.1.

10

R

equi

re a

ll C

abin

et M

inut

es t

o d

etai

l env

ironm

enta

l im

pac

t of

ac

tion

– in

clud

ing

gree

nhou

se,

air

qua

lity,

wat

er,

bio

div

ersi

ty

and

sal

inity

Req

uirin

g ro

utin

e d

iscu

ssio

n of

env

ironm

enta

l im

pac

ts in

sub

mis

sion

s to

C

abin

et w

ill in

form

Cab

inet

del

iber

atio

n an

d im

pro

ve d

ecis

ions

.

Cap

acity

b

uild

ing

NA

Varia

ble

-A

ll ag

enci

es

Be

mor

e ef

ficie

nt in

our

use

of e

nerg

y

3.1.

11

S

tren

gthe

n th

e G

over

nmen

t E

nerg

y M

anag

emen

t P

olic

y

A w

ide

rang

e of

mea

sure

s w

ill b

e im

ple

men

ted

to

stre

ngth

en t

he

Gov

ernm

ent

Ene

rgy

Man

agem

ent

Pol

icy.

Thi

s in

clud

es t

arge

ts fo

r re

duc

ing

ener

gy u

se in

gov

ernm

ent

oper

atio

ns.

Imp

rove

men

ts t

o th

e p

olic

y in

clud

e a

focu

s on

gre

enho

use

red

uctio

ns,

new

gre

enho

use

stan

dar

ds

and

tar

gets

for

offic

e b

uild

ings

and

ten

anci

es,

bet

ter

acce

ss

to fu

ndin

g fo

r ef

ficie

ncy

pro

ject

s an

d b

ette

r us

e of

air

cond

ition

ing.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Low

– O

ngoi

ng

+ in

crea

sing

ov

er t

ime

0.8

-D

EU

S

39

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.1.

12

P

rom

ote

co-g

ener

atio

n in

new

and

exi

stin

g ho

spita

ls.

The

Dep

artm

ent

of H

ealth

is t

he la

rges

t co

ntrib

utor

to

gree

nhou

se

emis

sion

s in

the

NS

W G

over

nmen

t. C

o-ge

nera

tion

tech

nolo

gy is

the

si

mul

tane

ous

pro

duc

tion

of e

lect

ricity

and

hea

t. It

wor

ks b

y ca

ptu

ring

and

usi

ng t

he h

eat

gene

rate

d b

y th

e el

ectr

icity

gen

erat

ing

pro

cess

. H

osp

itals

hav

e a

larg

e an

d c

ontin

uous

nee

d fo

r b

oth

pow

er a

nd h

eat

and

are

the

refo

re s

uita

ble

site

s fo

r co

-gen

erat

ion

tech

nolo

gy.

Co-

gene

ratio

n fo

r ne

w a

nd e

xist

ing

hosp

itals

will

be

req

uire

d w

here

the

re

turn

on

the

inve

stm

ent

in im

ple

men

ting

the

tech

nolo

gy in

a p

artic

ular

ho

spita

l mee

ts b

ench

mar

k le

vels

set

out

in t

he r

evis

ed G

over

nmen

t E

nerg

y M

anag

emen

t P

olic

y.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Low

– O

ngoi

ng-

-D

EU

S

Be

mor

e ef

ficie

nt in

our

use

of w

ater

3.1.

13

Im

pro

ve w

ater

effi

cien

cy a

nd s

eek

to r

educ

e go

vern

men

t w

ater

us

e in

the

ord

er o

f 15%

.

Wat

er c

onse

rvat

ion

is a

prio

rity

for

gove

rnm

ent

and

age

ncie

s m

ust

asse

ss o

pp

ortu

nitie

s fo

r w

ater

con

serv

atio

n. A

ll G

over

nmen

t ag

enci

es

will

dev

elop

a w

ater

con

serv

atio

n p

lan

incl

udin

g a

targ

et.

Whe

re fe

asib

le,

agen

cies

sho

uld

incl

ude

a m

inim

um t

arge

t of

15%

red

uctio

n in

wat

er

use.

Man

dat

ory

Pla

nnin

g re

qui

rem

ent

Low

– O

ngoi

ng

0.3

-D

EU

S

Pro

duc

e le

ss w

aste

3.1.

14

R

evie

w t

he W

aste

Red

uctio

n an

d P

urch

asin

g P

olic

y to

in

corp

orat

e gr

eenh

ouse

imp

acts

.

The

Was

te R

educ

tion

and

Pur

chas

ing

Pol

icy

(WR

AP

P) e

ncou

rage

s N

SW

G

over

nmen

t ag

enci

es t

o p

urch

ase

recy

cled

pro

duc

ts,

incr

ease

res

ourc

e re

cove

ry a

nd r

educ

e w

aste

in fo

ur k

ey m

ater

ial c

ateg

orie

s. T

hese

are

of

fice

pap

er,

tone

r ca

rtrid

ges,

veg

etat

ion

mat

eria

ls a

nd c

onst

ruct

ion

and

dem

oliti

on m

ater

ials

. Th

e ef

fect

iven

ess

of t

he W

RA

PP

in r

educ

ing

gree

nhou

se e

mis

sion

s w

ill b

e re

view

ed.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Low

–

Ong

oing

--

DE

C

Use

Gov

ernm

ent

pur

chas

ing

pow

er t

o p

rom

ote

good

pra

ctic

e

3.1.

15

R

educ

e th

e us

e of

hig

hly

pot

ent

synt

hetic

gre

enho

use

gase

s in

re

frig

erat

ion

Syn

thet

ic r

efrig

eran

t ga

ses

typ

ical

ly in

use

are

ver

y p

oten

t gr

eenh

ouse

ga

ses.

Alte

rnat

ive

natu

ral r

efrig

eran

ts w

ith v

ery

low

glo

bal

war

min

g p

oten

tial a

re a

vaila

ble

for

mos

t ap

plic

atio

ns.

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t w

ill

cons

ult

with

ind

ustr

y; id

entif

y an

d p

riorit

ise

suita

ble

use

s fo

r al

tern

ativ

e re

frig

eran

ts;

and

dev

elop

a t

imet

able

for

imp

lem

enta

tion.

Ab

atem

ent

(Vol

unta

ry)

Low

–

Ong

oing

--

Com

mer

ce

40

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.1.

16

‘Q

uick

Win

s’ –

NS

W S

usta

inab

le P

rocu

rem

ent

Pol

icy

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t w

ill id

entif

y an

d p

rom

ote

pro

duc

ts t

hat

mee

t su

stai

nab

ility

crit

eria

(eco

nom

ic,

envi

ronm

enta

l and

soc

ial)

for

pur

chas

e b

y th

e p

ublic

sec

tor.

The

key

aim

is t

o m

ake

it ea

sy fo

r p

ublic

sec

tor

cust

omer

s to

loca

te a

nd b

uy e

nerg

y ef

ficie

nt a

nd s

usta

inab

le p

rod

ucts

. C

erta

in p

rod

uct

area

s ha

ve b

een

dee

med

‘Q

uick

Win

s’ –

whe

re

sust

aina

bili

ty s

tand

ard

s ar

e ac

hiev

ed.

The

‘Qui

ck W

ins’

pro

duc

ts li

st w

ill

be

mad

e av

aila

ble

to

all G

over

nmen

t p

urch

aser

s.

Cap

acity

B

uild

ing

Low

–

Ong

oing

--

Com

mer

ce

3.2

E

mis

sio

ns

trad

ing

an

d s

trat

egic

ref

orm

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t w

ill a

dop

t a

com

pre

hens

ive

and

cos

t-ef

fect

ive

app

roac

h to

long

-ter

m e

mis

sion

red

uctio

ns,

taki

ng in

to a

ccou

nt o

ther

NS

W

envi

ronm

enta

l, so

cial

and

eco

nom

ic o

bje

ctiv

es.

To d

o th

is,

the

NS

W G

over

nmen

t w

ill:

• D

evel

op a

nat

iona

l em

issi

ons

trad

ing

sche

me

• F

acili

tate

tec

hnol

ogic

al in

nova

tion

and

cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

• R

efor

m m

arke

ts a

nd r

egul

atio

n to

inte

grat

e gr

eenh

ouse

into

dec

isio

n m

akin

g

• W

ork

with

Nat

iona

l, S

tate

, Te

rrito

ry a

nd lo

cal G

over

nmen

ts

• M

ains

trea

m t

he c

onsi

der

atio

n of

gre

enho

use

in in

vest

men

t an

d c

orp

orat

e d

ecis

ion

mak

ing

Ou

r ac

hie

vem

ents

so

far

Red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

- E

mis

sion

s tr

adin

g an

d s

trat

egic

ref

orm

Typ

e of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

3.2.

1

With

all

stat

es a

nd t

errit

orie

s, a

nnou

nced

agr

eem

ent

on t

he b

asis

for

furt

her

wor

k in

dev

elop

ing

an e

mis

sion

s tr

adin

g sc

hem

e in

Aus

tral

ia.

On

31 M

arch

200

5, P

rem

iers

and

Chi

ef M

inis

ters

rel

ease

d a

join

t co

mm

uniq

ué,

whi

ch

outli

nes

ten

key

des

ign

pro

pos

ition

s to

form

the

bas

is fo

r fu

rthe

r in

vest

igat

ion

and

anal

ysis

in d

evel

opin

g a

natio

nal e

mis

sion

s tr

adin

g sc

hem

e. T

he p

rop

ositi

ons

rela

te t

o is

sues

suc

h as

set

ting

a ca

p,

sect

oral

cov

erag

e, m

etho

ds

for

allo

catin

g p

erm

its a

nd

asse

ssin

g im

pac

ts o

n a

rang

e of

bus

ines

ses

and

con

sum

ers.

Pot

entia

lly

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Pot

entia

lly

high

-TC

O

41

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

Ou

r co

mm

itm

ents

The

follo

win

g in

itiat

ives

will

furt

her

the

NS

W G

over

nmen

t’s s

trat

egic

ap

pro

ach.

Red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

- E

mis

sion

s tr

adin

g an

d s

trat

egic

ref

orm

Typ

e of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Inno

vatio

n

Fund

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

3.2.

2

Est

ablis

h a

$2.5

milli

on p

er a

nnum

con

test

able

gra

nts

prog

ram

to

pro

mot

e th

e de

velo

pmen

t an

d ad

optio

n of

low

gre

enho

use

emis

sion

tec

hnol

ogie

s an

d pr

actic

es in

the

was

te, t

rans

port

, fo

rest

ry a

nd la

nd u

se s

ecto

rs.

The

fund

is s

epar

ated

into

tw

o co

mpo

nent

s in

ord

er t

o dr

ive

supp

ly a

nd

dem

and

of g

reen

hous

e ab

atem

ent

activ

ities

in N

SW

.

• a

com

pone

nt t

o su

ppor

t te

chno

logi

cal d

evel

opm

ents

and

in

nova

tion;

and

• a

com

pone

nt t

o su

ppor

t th

e ad

optio

n of

em

issi

on r

educ

tion

proj

ects

.

Ab

atem

ent

(Vol

unta

ry)

Low

. O

ngoi

ng;

Incr

easi

ng o

ver

time

-10

TCO

Dev

elop

a n

atio

nal e

mis

sion

s tr

adin

g sc

hem

e

3.2.

3

Wor

k w

ith s

tate

s an

d te

rrito

ries

to d

evel

op a

nat

iona

l em

issi

ons

trad

ing

sche

me.

In t

he a

bsen

ce o

f nat

iona

l lea

ders

hip

on g

reen

hous

e po

licy,

NS

W in

itiat

ed

and

chai

rs a

n in

ter-

juris

dict

iona

l wor

king

gro

up t

o ex

plor

e op

tions

for

a na

tiona

l em

issi

ons

trad

ing

sche

me.

An

emis

sion

s tr

adin

g sc

hem

e of

fers

fle

xibl

e an

d co

st e

ffect

ive

optio

ns t

o m

eet

emis

sion

aba

tem

ent

targ

ets.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Hig

h-

-TC

O

Faci

litat

e te

chno

logi

cal i

nnov

atio

n an

d c

apac

ity b

uild

ing

3.2.

4

Und

erta

ke a

maj

or s

tudy

to

iden

tify

prom

isin

g lo

ng-t

erm

sol

utio

ns,

and

poss

ible

tec

hnol

ogic

al d

evel

opm

ent

and

inno

vatio

n an

d pa

thw

ays

to a

chie

ve fu

ture

em

issi

on r

educ

tions

.

In o

rder

to

info

rm in

dust

ry d

evel

opm

ent

and

long

-ter

m p

olic

y, a

maj

or

stud

y w

ill be

und

erta

ken

to b

ette

r un

ders

tand

pos

sibl

e te

chno

logy

de

velo

pmen

t an

d in

nova

tion

path

way

s th

at m

ight

be

follo

wed

in o

rder

to

achi

eve

futu

re e

mis

sion

red

uctio

ns. T

he s

tudy

will

incl

ude

an a

naly

sis

of

the

oppo

rtun

ity c

osts

of r

educ

ing

emis

sion

s as

wel

l as

the

econ

omic

cos

t of

not

res

pond

ing

to c

limat

e ch

ange

. It

will

also

con

side

r th

e tr

ansi

tiona

l m

easu

res

for

exis

ting

indu

strie

s th

at a

re a

dver

sely

affe

cted

by

resp

ondi

ng

to c

limat

e ch

ange

.

Res

earc

h an

d d

evel

opm

ent

NA

-0.

5 TC

O

42

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.2.

5

Iden

tify

trai

ning

ski

lls li

kely

to

be n

eede

d in

the

futu

re.

A s

tudy

will

be u

nder

take

n by

the

Boa

rd o

f Voc

atio

nal E

duca

tion

and

Trai

ning

into

the

pol

icie

s re

quire

d to

del

iver

the

ski

lls n

eede

d to

mee

t fu

ture

dem

and

for

low

em

issi

on p

rodu

cts

and

serv

ices

.

Ed

ucat

ion

+

awar

enes

sN

A0.

15-

DE

T

Wor

k w

ith N

atio

nal,

Sta

te,

Terr

itory

and

Loc

al G

over

nmen

ts

3.2.

6

Wor

k th

roug

h th

e C

ounc

il of

Aus

tral

ian

Gov

ernm

ents

’ Clim

ate

Cha

nge

Wor

king

Gro

up t

o pr

ogre

ss a

nat

iona

l res

pons

e to

clim

ate

chan

ge a

nd g

reen

hous

e em

issi

on r

educ

tion.

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t re

cogn

ises

tha

t re

duci

ng e

mis

sion

s an

d ad

aptin

g to

clim

ate

chan

ge is

a n

atio

nal c

halle

nge.

A n

atio

nally

co-

ordi

nate

d ap

proa

ch is

des

irabl

e in

ord

er t

o en

sure

reg

ulat

ory

cons

iste

ncy

and

avoi

d ga

ps.

Pol

icy

Dev

elop

men

tN

A-

-TC

O

3.2.

7

Sup

port

a n

atio

nal f

ram

ewor

k fo

r re

port

ing

and

disc

losu

re.

NS

W is

com

mitt

ed t

o im

plem

entin

g pu

blic

rep

ortin

g of

em

issi

ons,

bu

t re

cogn

ises

the

ben

efits

of a

nat

iona

l fra

mew

ork.

To

this

end

the

G

over

nmen

t w

ill pa

rtic

ipat

e in

a n

atio

nal p

roce

ss t

o ex

amin

e th

e op

tions

fo

r a

natio

nal f

ram

ewor

k fo

r gr

eenh

ouse

and

ene

rgy

repo

rtin

g fro

m

Aus

tral

ian

indu

stry

.

Dat

a co

llect

ion

+ m

onito

ring

NA

--

TCO

/ D

EU

S

Mai

nstr

eam

the

con

sid

erat

ion

of g

reen

hous

e in

inve

stm

ent

and

cor

por

ate

dec

isio

n m

akin

g

3.2.

8

Pro

vide

gui

delin

es fo

r co

nsid

erat

ion

of e

nerg

y an

d gr

eenh

ouse

im

pact

s in

dev

elop

men

t co

nsen

t ap

prov

als

(thro

ugh

the

Env

ironm

enta

l Im

pact

Ass

essm

ent

proc

ess)

.

Gui

delin

es w

ill he

lp c

larif

y go

vern

men

t ex

pect

atio

ns fo

r th

e co

nsid

erat

ion

of g

reen

hous

e pe

rfor

man

ce in

the

env

ironm

enta

l ass

essm

ent

proc

ess.

P

rom

otio

n of

a n

atio

nally

con

sist

ent

fram

ewor

k, s

uch

as t

hrou

gh t

he

Com

mon

wea

lth’s

Env

ironm

ent

Pro

tect

ion

and

Bio

dive

rsity

Con

serv

atio

n A

ct, w

ill al

so b

e co

nsid

ered

.

Pla

nnin

g gu

idan

ce

Low

– O

ngoi

ng

and

Incr

easi

ng

over

tim

e-

-D

oP

3.2.

9

Dev

elop

too

ls t

o as

sess

and

man

age

carb

on r

isks

.

The

Pre

mie

r w

ill ho

st a

rou

ndta

ble

with

the

inve

stm

ent

com

mun

ity t

o as

sist

the

dev

elop

men

t of

too

ls t

o as

sess

and

man

age

carb

on r

isks

to

indu

stry

and

gov

ernm

ent.

Pol

icy

Dev

elop

men

tN

A-

-TC

O /

P

rem

iers

43

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.3

A

cle

an g

reen

en

erg

y fu

ture

Enc

oura

ging

low

em

issi

on e

nerg

y su

pp

ly a

nd d

ecre

ased

dem

and

can

hav

e a

big

imp

act.

Gre

enho

use

gas

emis

sion

s re

late

d t

o en

ergy

use

gre

w b

y 25

% b

etw

een

1990

and

200

2, a

nd a

ccou

nt fo

r ar

ound

47%

of N

SW

em

issi

ons.

Ene

rgy

is t

he la

rges

t an

d o

ne o

f the

fast

est

grow

ing

emis

sion

-gen

erat

ing

sect

ors

and

by

2010

nat

iona

l ene

rgy-

rela

ted

em

issi

ons

are

pro

ject

ed t

o b

e 41

%

high

er t

han

1990

leve

ls.

In N

SW

ap

pro

xim

atel

y 91

% o

f our

ele

ctric

ity s

upp

ly c

omes

from

coa

l-fir

ed g

ener

atio

n, a

bou

t 6%

from

hyd

ro-e

lect

ric g

ener

atio

n, a

nd t

he re

mai

nder

pre

dom

inan

tly f

rom

gas

-fire

d g

ener

atio

n. T

he s

ecto

rs u

sing

the

mos

t en

ergy

are

man

ufac

turin

g (4

2%),

resi

den

tial (

23%

), co

mm

erci

al (

18%

) an

d

min

ing

(14%

).

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t ai

ms

to c

urb

gro

wth

in e

nerg

y em

issi

ons

and

red

uce

ener

gy in

tens

ity,

whi

le e

nsur

ing

relia

ble

, af

ford

able

and

sec

ure

acce

ss

to e

nerg

y fo

r al

l.

To a

chie

ve t

his,

the

NS

W G

over

nmen

t w

ill:

• Im

ple

men

t a

stra

tegi

c re

spon

se t

o m

eetin

g en

ergy

dem

and

ove

rall

• p

rom

ote

flexi

ble

mar

ket

arra

ngem

ents

suc

h as

em

issi

ons

trad

ing

• u

se t

he E

nerg

y S

avin

gs F

und

to

sup

por

t en

ergy

sav

ings

mea

sure

s an

d s

timul

ate

inve

stm

ent

in in

nova

tive

savi

ngs

mea

sure

s

• e

ncou

rage

new

form

s of

ene

rgy

gene

ratio

n th

at h

ave

low

em

issi

ons

• r

educ

e en

ergy

dem

and

and

rea

lise

ener

gy e

ffici

ency

gai

ns

• in

vest

igat

e th

e fe

asib

ility

of c

arb

on d

ioxi

de

cap

ture

and

sto

rage

Ou

r ac

hie

vem

ents

so

far R

educ

ing

emis

sion

s -

A c

lean

gre

en e

nerg

y fu

ture

Typ

e of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

3.3.

1

Rel

ease

d E

nerg

y D

irect

ions

Gre

en P

aper

The

Gre

en P

aper

has

fost

ered

dis

cuss

ion

on h

ow t

he G

over

nmen

t sh

ould

res

pond

to

incr

easi

ng

dem

and

for

elec

tric

ity, i

n th

e co

ntex

t of

man

agin

g gr

eenh

ouse

gas

em

issi

ons

and

the

long

lead

tim

es

nece

ssar

y fo

r pl

anni

ng, f

inan

cing

and

con

stru

ctin

g ne

w p

ower

gen

erat

ion.

Fol

low

ing

cons

ider

atio

n of

sub

mis

sion

s on

the

Gre

en P

aper

, a W

hite

Pap

er t

hat

outli

nes

expe

ctat

ions

for

futu

re e

lect

ricity

ge

nera

tion

proj

ects

is b

eing

dev

elop

ed a

nd r

elea

sed.

Vario

usP

oten

tially

H

igh

-TC

O

44

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.3.

2

Div

ersi

fied

our

ener

gy m

ix b

y fo

ster

ing

rene

wab

les

and

mee

ting

peak

ene

rgy

dem

and

with

gas

.Th

is h

as b

een

dem

onst

rate

d b

y re

cent

ann

ounc

emen

ts o

f:

• T

wo

new

gas

-fire

d p

eaki

ng s

tatio

ns -

one

at

Tom

ago

in t

he H

unte

r Va

lley,

and

ano

ther

at

Ura

nqui

nty

near

Wag

ga W

agga

. Th

e p

lant

at

Tom

ago

will

be

bui

lt b

y th

e G

over

nmen

t in

p

artn

ersh

ip w

ith t

he p

rivat

e se

ctor

;

• P

lann

ing

app

rova

l for

thr

ee m

ore

gas-

fired

pow

er s

tatio

ns -

Mun

mor

ah,

Bam

ber

ang

and

Mar

ulan

; an

d

• A

pp

rova

l for

a n

ew w

ind

farm

at

Cro

okw

ell (

46 w

ind

mill

s).

Vario

us

3.3.

3

Ann

ounc

ed t

he e

xten

sion

of t

he N

SW

Gre

enho

use

Gas

Ab

atem

ent

Sch

eme

to 2

020.

The

succ

essf

ul G

GA

S s

chem

e w

ill b

e ex

tend

ed u

ntil

2020

and

will

con

tinue

to b

e ex

tend

ed o

n a

rolli

ng

15 y

ear

bas

is,

if ag

reem

ent

on a

nat

iona

l em

issi

ons

trad

ing

fram

ewor

k is

del

ayed

.

Man

dat

ory

3.3.

4

Est

ablis

hed

the

Ene

rgy

Sav

ings

Fun

d

The

Ene

rgy

Sav

ings

Fun

d p

rovi

des

ince

ntiv

es,

par

ticul

arly

for

bus

ines

ses,

to

intr

oduc

e m

easu

res

to

mak

e su

re th

ey u

se w

ater

and

ene

rgy

mor

e w

isel

y. S

ome

larg

e b

usin

esse

s w

ill b

e re

qui

red

to u

nder

take

en

ergy

sav

ings

pla

ns.

The

Fund

will

pro

vid

e fu

ndin

g to

ass

ist

with

im

ple

men

tatio

n of

the

se p

lans

. C

ontr

ibut

ions

to

the

Ene

rgy

Sav

ings

Fun

d w

ill b

e m

ade

by

elec

tric

ity d

istr

ibut

ors.

The

cum

ulat

ive

tota

l of

ene

rgy

save

d f

rom

the

se m

easu

res

will

sav

e ar

ound

800

,000

ton

nes

of h

arm

ful

gree

nhou

se g

as

each

yea

r b

y 20

10/1

1.

Aba

tem

ent

(Man

dato

ry

and

Volu

ntar

y)M

ediu

m20

0.0

DE

US

3.3.

5

Man

agem

ent a

nd p

rom

otio

n of

the

Nat

iona

l Gre

en P

ower

Acc

redi

tatio

n P

rogr

am

The

NS

W-in

itiat

ed N

atio

nal G

reen

Pow

er A

ccre

dita

tion

Pro

gram

acc

redi

ts a

nd s

ets

strin

gent

en

viro

nmen

tal a

nd re

port

ing

stan

dard

s fo

r re

new

able

ene

rgy

prod

ucts

offe

red

to c

onsu

mer

s by

ene

rgy

supp

liers

. Bus

ines

s an

d do

mes

tic c

onsu

mer

s ca

n pu

rcha

se u

p to

100

% o

f the

ir en

ergy

nee

ds fr

om

Gre

en P

ower

acc

redi

ted

prod

ucts

. In

retu

rn, e

nerg

y su

pplie

rs a

gree

to p

urch

ase

equi

vale

nt a

mou

nts

of

elec

tric

ity fr

om re

new

able

, non

coa

l-der

ived

sou

rces

, and

feed

it in

to th

e na

tiona

l ele

ctric

ity g

rid.

Ab

atem

ent

(Vol

unta

ry)

Low

-D

EU

S

3.3.

6

Rev

iew

pot

entia

l for

geo

logi

cal s

tora

ge in

NS

W.

Ther

e is

sig

nific

ant w

ork

bein

g un

dert

aken

to d

emon

stra

te th

e po

tent

ial o

f cap

ture

and

sto

rage

. NS

W w

ill co

ntin

ue to

mon

itor

thes

e de

velo

pmen

ts a

nd p

artic

ipat

e in

pre

limin

ary

wor

k to

ass

ess

the

pote

ntia

l rol

e of

ca

ptur

e an

d st

orag

e in

gre

enho

use

gas

redu

ctio

n, p

artic

ular

ly in

NS

W. N

SW

will

also

con

duct

com

mun

ity

cons

ulta

tion

on th

is is

sue.

Res

earc

h an

d d

evel

opm

ent

NA

-D

PI-

MR

3.3.

7

Par

ticip

atio

n in

CO

AL2

1 N

atio

nal A

ctio

n P

lan

CO

AL2

1 is

a n

atio

nal i

ndus

try/

gove

rnm

ent w

orki

ng g

roup

aim

ed a

t ide

ntify

ing

optio

ns to

redu

ce

gree

nhou

se g

as e

mis

sion

s fro

m c

oal f

ired

pow

er g

ener

atio

n. A

Nat

iona

l Act

ion

Pla

n w

as la

unch

ed in

M

arch

200

4, s

ettin

g ou

t a ro

adm

ap fo

r ne

ar-z

ero

emis

sion

s fro

m c

oal-b

ased

ele

ctric

ity g

ener

atio

n by

20

30. N

SW

is p

artic

ipat

ing

in th

is p

roce

ss, r

ecog

nisi

ng th

e im

port

ance

of e

ncou

ragi

ng re

sear

ch a

nd

deve

lopm

ent i

nto

new

tech

nolo

gies

to re

duce

em

issi

ons,

esp

ecia

lly in

the

exis

ting

coal

fire

d po

wer

pla

nts

in th

e S

tate

.

Res

earc

h an

d d

evel

opm

ent

NA

-D

PI-

MR

45

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.3.

8

Info

rm c

onsu

mer

cho

ice

thro

ugh

offic

e bu

ildin

g en

viro

nmen

tal r

atin

gs

The

Aus

tral

ian

Bui

ldin

g G

reen

hous

e R

atin

g sc

hem

e al

low

s te

nant

s an

d bu

ildin

g ow

ners

to r

ate

thei

r te

nanc

y or

bui

ldin

g ba

sed

on it

s gr

eenh

ouse

per

form

ance

. Thi

s as

sist

s m

anag

ers

to b

ench

mar

k an

d im

prov

e th

eir

perfo

rman

ce a

nd a

llow

s te

nant

s to

con

side

r th

e in

form

atio

n in

mak

ing

deci

sion

s ab

out n

ew

offic

e sp

ace.

Thi

s is

now

bei

ng e

xten

ded

to in

clud

e w

ater

use

, was

te g

ener

atio

n, in

door

air

qual

ity a

nd

othe

r bu

ildin

g pa

ram

eter

s.

Ab

atem

ent

(Vol

unta

ry)

Med

ium

-O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng

over

tim

e

-D

EU

S

3.3.

9

Set

min

imum

sta

ndar

ds –

BA

SIX

for

new

hom

es a

nd e

xten

d pr

oduc

t Min

imum

Ene

rgy

Per

form

ance

Sta

ndar

ds

In 2

003,

the

Gov

ernm

ent e

stab

lishe

d ta

rget

s to

redu

ce p

otab

le w

ater

use

and

gre

enho

use

gas

emis

sion

s fo

r al

l new

resi

dent

ial d

evel

opm

ents

thro

ugh

the

Bui

ldin

g S

usta

inab

ility

Inde

x (B

AS

IX).

As

of 1

Jul

y 20

04,

new

sin

gle

dwel

ling

and

dual

occ

upan

cies

in S

ydne

y m

ust b

e de

sign

ed a

nd b

uilt

to u

se 4

0% le

ss p

otab

le

wat

er a

nd p

rodu

ce 2

5% le

ss g

reen

hous

e ga

s em

issi

ons

than

ave

rage

NS

W h

omes

.

Man

dato

ry M

inim

um E

nerg

y P

erfo

rman

ce S

tand

ards

(MEP

S) h

ave

been

intro

duce

d fo

r a ra

nge

of

hous

ehol

d el

ectr

ical

app

lianc

es a

nd c

omm

erci

al a

nd in

dust

rial e

lect

rical

equ

ipm

ent.

Elec

tric

al p

rodu

cts

curr

ently

bei

ng ta

rget

ed in

clud

e ho

me

ente

rtai

nmen

t pro

duct

s an

d ap

plia

nce

usin

g hi

gh le

vels

of s

tand

by

pow

er. M

anda

tory

MEP

S fo

r maj

or g

as a

pplia

nces

is p

lann

ed fo

r int

rodu

ctio

n by

200

7.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Med

ium

-O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng

over

tim

e

1.6

DoP

/ D

EU

S

Ou

r co

mm

itm

ents

:

The

follo

win

g in

itiat

ives

will

cont

inue

to e

mbe

d en

ergy

effi

cien

cy, r

educ

e de

man

d an

d in

crea

se th

e su

pply

of l

ow e

mis

sion

ene

rgy

sour

ces

in N

SW

.

Red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

- A

cle

an g

reen

ene

rgy

futu

reTy

pe

of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Inno

vatio

n

Fund

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

Ens

ure

a st

rate

gic

resp

onse

and

ext

end

mar

ket

arra

ngem

ents

3.3.

10

Rel

ease

an

Ene

rgy

Dire

ctio

ns W

hite

Pap

er.

The

Gov

ernm

ent

has

cons

ider

ed c

omm

unity

and

sta

keho

lder

com

men

ts

on t

he E

nerg

y G

reen

Pap

er a

nd is

pre

par

ing

a W

hite

Pap

er t

hat

outli

nes

exp

ecta

tions

for

futu

re e

lect

ricity

gen

erat

ion

pro

ject

s, a

nd c

onsi

der

s gr

eenh

ouse

inte

nsity

lim

its o

n ne

w p

ower

gen

erat

ion

in N

SW

. It

reco

gnis

es N

SW

’s p

artic

ipat

ion

in t

he N

atio

nal E

lect

ricity

Mar

ket

and

the

ne

ed t

o sh

ape

pol

icy

in t

he c

onte

nt o

f wid

er r

efor

m t

o th

e m

arke

t ac

ross

ju

risd

ictio

ns.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory

+ M

arke

t M

echa

nism

)

Low

- H

igh

– O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng

over

tim

e

--

TCO

Enc

oura

ge lo

w e

mis

sion

pow

er g

ener

atio

n

3.3.

11

Str

eam

line

dev

elop

men

t ap

pro

vals

pro

cess

for

low

em

issi

ons

tech

nolo

gy.

The

Gov

ernm

ent

will

str

eam

line

dev

elop

men

t ap

pro

vals

for

low

em

issi

ons

tech

nolo

gy a

nd o

ffer

Occ

upat

ion

Per

mits

for

win

d p

ower

ed g

ener

ator

s on

S

tate

For

ests

land

.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Low

–

Ong

oing

In

crea

sing

over

tim

e

--

DoP

/ D

EC

/

DE

US

/ D

PI

46

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.3.

12

Req

uire

ene

rgy

reta

ilers

to

offe

r a

10%

Gre

en P

ower

com

pon

ent

to

all n

ew (o

r m

ovin

g) r

esid

entia

l cus

tom

ers.

Cur

rent

ly,

elec

tric

ity c

usto

mer

s ca

n ch

oose

a G

reen

Pow

er s

chem

e in

w

hich

the

y p

ay a

pre

miu

m t

o ha

ve t

he e

qui

vale

nt t

o al

l or

par

t of

the

ir el

ectr

icity

usa

ge s

ourc

ed fr

om a

ccre

dite

d r

enew

able

ene

rgy

sour

ces.

Th

is

initi

ativ

e w

ould

rep

lace

the

cur

rent

op

t-in

sch

eme

with

an

opt-

out

sche

me.

A

ll cu

stom

ers

wou

ld b

e of

fere

d 1

0% G

reen

Pow

er,

with

the

op

tion

to

refu

se,

acce

pt,

incr

ease

or

dec

reas

e th

e G

reen

Pow

er c

omp

onen

t.

Ab

atem

ent

Low

–

Ong

oing

In

crea

sing

over

tim

e

--

DE

US

/

IPA

RT

Red

uce

dem

and

and

rea

lise

ener

gy e

ffici

ency

gai

ns

Ind

ustr

ial

3.3.

13

Inve

stig

ate

optio

ns fo

r en

cour

agin

g up

take

of i

ndus

tria

l ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y op

por

tuni

ties

thro

ugh

gove

rnm

ent

licen

sing

and

the

d

evel

opm

ent

cons

ent

pro

cess

.

Lice

nsin

g an

d t

he d

evel

opm

ent

cons

ent

pro

cess

offe

r op

por

tuni

ties

to w

ork

with

ind

ustr

y to

red

uce

emis

sion

s. R

epor

ting

of e

nerg

y us

e b

y in

dus

try

coul

d h

elp

info

rm t

arge

ted

ene

rgy

dem

and

man

agem

ent

activ

ities

. E

nerg

y au

dits

and

dev

elop

men

t of

imp

lem

enta

tion

pla

ns w

ill b

uild

cap

acity

with

in

ind

ustr

y to

be

mor

e ef

ficie

nt u

sers

of e

nerg

y.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

NA

– s

cop

ing

--

DE

US

DE

C/D

oP

3.3.

14

Faci

litat

e S

usta

inab

ility

Com

pac

ts b

etw

een

Gov

ernm

ent

and

ind

ustr

y.

Thre

e to

five

yea

r p

artn

ersh

ips

will

be

esta

blis

hed

with

lead

ing

com

pan

ies

to p

ut in

pla

ce jo

int

pro

ject

s to

ad

vanc

e su

stai

nab

ility

, in

clud

ing

gree

nhou

se

outc

omes

. P

roje

cts

will

acc

eler

ate

envi

ronm

enta

l im

pro

vem

ents

in c

omp

any

oper

atio

ns a

nd a

long

the

sig

nato

ry’s

sup

ply

cha

in.

Em

issi

on r

educ

tions

will

b

e ac

hiev

ed t

hrou

gh jo

int

pro

ject

s th

at t

arge

t en

ergy

and

oth

er r

esou

rce

effic

ienc

ies,

pur

chas

ing,

pro

duc

t an

d s

ervi

ce in

nova

tion,

and

env

ironm

enta

l le

ader

ship

(inc

lud

ing

gree

nhou

se a

dvo

cacy

).

Ab

atem

ent

(Vol

unta

ry)

Med

ium

--

DE

C

Com

mer

cial

3.3.

15

Set

min

imum

gre

enho

use

emis

sion

s st

and

ard

s fo

r ne

w c

omm

erci

al

bui

ldin

gs,

and

imp

rove

the

per

form

ance

of e

xist

ing

bui

ldin

gs.

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t w

ill fu

rthe

r d

evel

op m

easu

res

to e

xten

d g

reen

hous

e ga

s em

issi

ons

savi

ngs

from

new

and

exi

stin

g co

mm

erci

al b

uild

ings

, ut

ilisi

ng

exis

ting

mea

sure

s su

ch a

s th

e B

uild

ing

Cod

e of

Aus

tral

ia,

the

Bui

ldin

g S

usta

inab

ility

Ind

ex (B

AS

IX) a

nd t

he A

ustr

alia

n B

uild

ing

Gre

enho

use

Rat

ing

sche

me,

to

cove

r b

oth

des

ign/

cons

truc

tion

and

ong

oing

op

erat

iona

l p

erfo

rman

ce.

The

initi

ativ

es w

ill c

over

offi

ce b

uild

ings

, an

d s

cop

e ot

her

typ

es o

f bui

ldin

gs,

such

as

hosp

itals

, sc

hool

s an

d r

etai

l out

lets

.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Med

ium

–O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng

over

tim

e

--

DE

US

/ D

oP

47

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

Res

iden

tial

3.3.

16

Lo

bb

y th

e C

omm

onw

ealth

Gov

ernm

ent

to in

trod

uce

tax

exem

ptio

ns fo

r la

ndlo

rds

und

erta

king

ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y im

pro

vem

ents

to

bui

ldin

gs.

Tax

exem

ptio

ns w

ould

op

erat

e on

the

sam

e b

asis

tha

t ne

cess

ary

mai

nten

ance

cos

ts a

re t

reat

ed a

s ta

x d

educ

tions

. C

urre

ntly

, th

ere

is n

o in

cent

ive

for

land

lord

s to

mak

e p

rop

ertie

s en

ergy

effi

cien

t as

the

ben

efit

of

low

er e

nerg

y b

ills

accr

ues

to t

he t

enan

t. T

his

initi

ativ

e w

ould

incr

ease

the

en

ergy

effi

cien

cy o

f ren

tal p

rop

ertie

s.

Ab

atem

ent

Low

–

Ong

oing

In

crea

sing

ov

er t

ime

--

TCO

3.3.

17

Inve

stig

ate

optio

ns fo

r p

rovi

din

g co

nsum

ers

with

info

rmat

ion

on

ener

gy e

ffici

ent

use

of a

ir co

nditi

oner

s.

Info

rmat

ion

and

/or

ince

ntiv

es c

ould

be

pro

vid

ed t

o co

nsum

ers

to h

elp

the

m

man

age

thei

r ai

r co

nditi

oner

use

to

max

imis

e co

mfo

rt w

hile

min

imis

ing

elec

tric

ity c

onsu

mp

tion

and

gre

enho

use

gas

emis

sion

s.

Ab

atem

ent/

E

duc

atio

n an

d A

war

enes

s

Low

–

Ong

oing

In

crea

sing

ov

er t

ime

-$0

.1TC

O

3.4

B

ette

r tr

ansp

ort

so

luti

on

s

Pub

lic t

rans

por

t an

d a

ctiv

e tr

avel

(wal

king

, cy

clin

g) p

rovi

de

low

em

issi

on a

ltern

ativ

es t

o ca

r tr

avel

.

Tran

spor

t co

ntrib

utes

15%

of

tota

l N

SW

em

issi

ons

and

gre

w b

y 20

% b

etw

een

1990

and

200

2. N

atio

nally

, tr

ansp

ort

emis

sion

s ar

e p

roje

cted

to

incr

ease

42%

fro

m 1

990

leve

ls b

y 20

10 a

nd 6

1% b

y 20

20.

Priv

ate

cars

pro

duc

ed 4

7%,

and

com

mer

cial

veh

icle

s 25

%,

of a

ll N

SW

tra

nsp

ort

emis

sion

s in

200

2.

We

are

driv

ing

mor

e ca

rs,

mor

e of

ten,

and

lon

ger

dis

tanc

es.

Ove

r th

e la

st 3

0 ye

ars

the

tota

l nu

mb

er o

f A

ustr

alia

n ca

rs h

as g

row

n th

ree

times

fa

ster

tha

n p

opul

atio

n. In

the

last

dec

ade

in S

ydne

y, t

he n

umb

er o

f kilo

met

res

trav

elle

d p

er v

ehic

le (V

KT)

has

gro

wn

mor

e th

an t

wic

e as

fast

as

the

pop

ulat

ion.

Ther

e ha

s b

een

little

im

pro

vem

ent

in t

he l

ast

dec

ade

in t

he a

vera

ge f

uel

effic

ienc

y of

veh

icle

s, a

nd g

ains

tha

t ha

ve b

een

achi

eved

are

bei

ng

und

erm

ined

by

the

incr

easi

ng d

eman

d fo

r m

ore

and

larg

er c

ars.

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t ai

ms

to c

urb

the

gro

wth

in t

rans

por

t em

issi

ons

whi

le m

axim

isin

g tr

ansp

ort

choi

ce.

To a

chie

ve t

his,

the

NS

W G

over

nmen

t is

:

• A

dop

ting

urb

an p

lann

ing

prin

cip

les

to r

educ

e th

e ne

ed fo

r ca

r tr

avel

and

the

use

of p

rivat

e tr

ansp

ort

• Im

pro

ving

and

pro

mot

ing

pub

lic t

rans

por

t

• F

acili

tatin

g an

d p

rom

otin

g cy

clin

g an

d w

alki

ng

• F

orm

ing

stra

tegi

c p

artn

ersh

ips

with

Com

mon

wea

lth G

over

nmen

t an

d p

rivat

e se

ctor

org

anis

atio

ns.

48

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

Ou

r ac

hie

vem

ents

so

far

:

NS

W is

alre

ady

inve

stin

g in

pub

lic t

rans

por

t an

d c

lean

tra

nsp

ort

and

is e

nsur

ing

that

pla

nnin

g w

ork

for

the

grea

ter

Syd

ney

met

rop

olita

n re

gion

tak

es

into

acc

ount

the

nee

d t

o re

duc

e tr

ansp

ort

emis

sion

s.

Red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

- B

ette

r tr

ansp

ort

solu

tions

Typ

e of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

3.4.

1

Bet

ter

rail

– Th

e R

ail C

lear

way

s P

rogr

am

The

Rai

l Cle

arw

ays

Pro

gram

is t

he G

over

nmen

t’s $

1.01

8b in

itiat

ive

to in

crea

se r

elia

bili

ty,

cap

acity

and

imp

rove

ser

vice

freq

uenc

y on

the

S

ydne

y m

etro

pol

itan

rail

netw

ork,

cur

rent

ly r

ecog

nise

d a

s on

e of

the

m

ost

com

ple

x in

the

wor

ld.

Cap

acity

b

uild

ing

Low

– O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng o

ver

time

$101

8M

OT

3.4.

2

Bet

ter

bus

es

Thro

ugh

the

Bus

Ref

orm

s p

rogr

am N

SW

Gov

ernm

ent

is u

nder

taki

ng

an o

verh

aul o

f the

met

rop

olita

n b

us n

etw

ork

whi

ch a

ims

to c

reat

e an

inte

grat

ed c

ity w

ide

bus

net

wor

k w

ith m

ore

freq

uent

and

rel

iab

le

serv

ices

.

Cap

acity

b

uild

ing

Low

– O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng o

ver

time

-M

OT

3.4.

3

Imp

rove

d in

tegr

atio

n of

tra

in,

bus

and

ferr

y se

rvic

es a

nd b

ette

r tr

ansp

ort

info

rmat

ion

Trai

n, b

us a

nd fe

rry

serv

ices

are

bei

ng m

ore

clos

ely

inte

grat

ed t

o en

hanc

e p

ublic

tra

nsp

ort

as a

con

veni

ent

trav

el a

ltern

ativ

e.

Cap

acity

b

uild

ing

Low

– O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng o

ver

time

-M

OT

3.4.

4

Inco

rpor

ated

gre

enho

use

cons

ider

atio

ns in

all

Met

ro s

trat

egy

wor

k

The

NS

W M

etro

pol

itan

Str

ateg

y is

pro

vid

ing

dire

ctio

ns a

nd s

trat

egie

s to

res

pon

d t

o th

e gr

owth

and

cha

nge

that

will

occ

ur in

Gre

ater

M

etro

pol

itan

Syd

ney

in t

he n

ext

30 y

ears

. It

will

als

o ou

tline

act

ion

that

th

e G

over

nmen

t w

ill t

ake

thro

ugh

its p

lans

, b

udge

t d

ecis

ions

and

futu

re

choi

ces.

Pla

nnin

gN

A-

DoP

3.4.

5

Wor

ked

with

oth

er s

tate

s to

ad

voca

te fo

r th

e re

form

of t

he

Frin

ge B

enef

its T

ax s

yste

m

Und

er t

he c

urre

nt C

omm

onw

ealth

Frin

ge B

enef

its T

ax s

yste

m t

here

is

a st

rong

ince

ntiv

e fo

r ca

rs t

o b

e p

rovi

ded

as

par

t of

a s

alar

y p

acka

ge,

as t

he t

ax r

ate

is le

ss t

han

wha

t w

ould

be

pai

d o

n ca

sh.

FBT

pro

vid

es

ince

ntiv

es fo

r in

crea

sed

use

of c

ars

to a

chie

ve lo

wer

tax

atio

n ra

tes.

Th

e N

SW

Gov

ernm

ent

is w

orki

ng w

ith o

ther

sta

tes

to u

rge

the

Com

mon

wea

lth G

over

nmen

t to

ref

orm

the

frin

ge b

enef

its t

ax s

yste

m s

o it

doe

s no

t p

rovi

de

a fin

anci

al in

cent

ive

to in

crea

se v

ehic

le k

ilom

etre

s tr

avel

led

.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Low

- O

ngoi

ng-

TCO

49

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.4.

6

Intr

oduc

ed p

lann

ing

guid

elin

es fo

r w

alki

ng a

nd c

yclin

g

The

Gov

ernm

ent

is k

een

to s

upp

ort

NS

W c

ounc

ils,

com

mun

ities

an

d t

he d

evel

opm

ent

ind

ustr

y to

imp

rove

pla

nnin

g fo

r w

alki

ng a

nd

cycl

ing.

The

gui

del

ines

incl

ude

info

rmat

ion,

con

cep

ts,

case

stu

die

s an

d ill

ustr

atio

ns d

esig

ned

to

assi

st p

lann

ers.

Pla

nnin

g G

uid

elin

esN

A-

DoP

Ou

r co

mm

itm

ents

:

Thes

e in

itiat

ives

will

con

tinue

our

effo

rts

to im

pro

ve t

he e

nerg

y ef

ficie

ncy

of t

rans

por

t an

d r

educ

e tr

ansp

ort

rela

ted

em

issi

ons

Red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

- B

ette

r tr

ansp

ort

solu

tions

Typ

e of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Inno

vatio

n

Fund

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

3.4.

7

Ext

end

the

Cle

an C

ar B

ench

mar

ks p

rogr

am t

o he

avy

vehi

cles

The

Cle

an C

ar B

ench

mar

ks p

rogr

am is

a s

ucce

ssfu

l lig

ht v

ehic

le

envi

ronm

enta

l rat

ing

sche

me.

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t w

ill e

xten

d t

his

to

incl

ude

truc

ks a

nd b

uses

to

reco

gnis

e ne

w t

echn

olog

ies

for

red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

from

the

se v

ehic

les,

and

to

pro

mot

e en

ergy

effi

cien

cy in

tr

uck

and

bus

tra

nsp

ort.

Ed

ucat

ion

+

awar

enes

sN

A0.

100.

05D

EC

3.4.

8

Incl

ude

gree

nhou

se im

plic

atio

ns in

the

met

rop

olita

n in

ter-

mod

al

frei

ght

stra

tegy

The

Gov

ernm

ent

is p

lann

ing

for

mor

e ef

ficie

nt fr

eigh

t tr

ansp

ort

thro

ugh

the

dev

elop

men

t of

a s

erie

s of

frei

ght

stra

tegi

es in

con

junc

tion

with

the

P

orts

Gro

wth

Pla

n an

d t

he n

ew M

etro

pol

itan

Str

ateg

y. In

itial

str

ateg

y d

evel

opm

ent

focu

ses

on h

ow t

o in

crea

se t

he u

se o

f rai

l tra

nsp

ort.

The

as

sess

men

t of

var

ious

op

tions

will

incl

ude

cons

ider

atio

n of

gre

enho

use

emis

sion

s.

Pla

nnin

gN

A-

-D

oP

3.4.

9

Mon

itorin

g th

e op

por

tuni

ties

and

gre

enho

use

ben

efits

aris

ing

from

use

of h

ydro

gen

as a

tra

nsp

ort

fuel

New

hyd

roge

n ve

hicl

e te

chno

logy

offe

rs p

oten

tial g

reen

hous

e em

issi

on

savi

ngs

whe

n p

rod

uced

from

ren

ewab

le s

ourc

es.

The

Gov

ernm

ent

will

con

tinue

to

exam

ine

dev

elop

men

ts in

thi

s ar

ea a

nd r

evie

w r

elev

ant

pol

icy

to e

nsur

e th

at t

he fu

ture

intr

oduc

tion

of a

hyd

roge

n ec

onom

y is

no

t im

ped

ed b

y co

nflic

ting

or o

utd

ated

reg

ulat

ions

.

Res

earc

h an

d d

evel

opm

ent

NA

--

TCO

/RTA

50

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.4.

10

C

ontin

ue t

o su

pp

ort

the

intr

oduc

tion

of n

ew v

ehic

le e

mis

sion

an

d fu

el q

ualit

y st

and

ard

s as

wel

l as

advo

cate

for

the

dev

elop

men

t of

nat

iona

l gre

enho

use

(CO

2 ) s

tand

ard

s fo

r ne

w

vehi

cles

.

The

Aus

tral

ian

Des

ign

Rul

es (A

DR

s) s

et o

ut s

tand

ard

s fo

r ve

hicl

e sa

fety

and

em

issi

ons.

The

Com

mon

wea

lth G

over

nmen

t p

rogr

essi

vely

up

grad

es t

he A

DR

s to

alig

n ou

r st

and

ard

s w

ith w

orld

’s b

est.

Man

y co

untr

ies

are

now

con

sid

erin

g le

gisl

atio

n to

lim

it ca

rbon

dio

xid

e em

issi

ons

from

car

s. T

he N

SW

Gov

ernm

ent

will

wor

k w

ith o

ther

st

ates

to

advo

cate

for

the

dev

elop

men

t of

nat

iona

l gre

enho

use

(CO

2 ) st

and

ard

s fo

r ne

w v

ehic

les

in A

ustr

alia

.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Pot

entia

lly h

igh

--

TCO

3.4.

11

S

upp

ort

loca

l cou

ncils

and

dev

elop

pub

lic a

war

enes

s p

rogr

ams

to in

crea

se c

yclin

g an

d w

alki

ng

Incr

easi

ng t

he p

opul

arity

of c

yclin

g an

d w

alki

ng c

an s

igni

fican

tly r

educ

e ve

hicl

e em

issi

ons

and

can

res

ult

in s

ubst

antia

l pub

lic h

ealth

ben

efits

. Th

e N

SW

Gov

ernm

ent

will

imp

lem

ent

seve

ral p

rogr

ams

to in

crea

se t

he

ease

, sa

fety

and

ove

rall

awar

enes

s of

cyc

ling

and

wal

king

.

Vario

usLo

w -

Ong

oing

-$0

.5m

TCO

3.5

W

aste

, in

du

stri

al p

roce

sses

an

d f

ug

itiv

e em

issi

on

s

Gro

wth

of n

on-e

nerg

y gr

eenh

ouse

em

issi

ons

from

ind

ustr

y m

ust

be

add

ress

ed

Em

issi

ons

from

the

dec

ay o

f mun

icip

al w

aste

, ind

ustr

ial p

roce

sses

(suc

h as

the

pro

duc

tion

of m

etal

s an

d c

emen

t) an

d fu

gitiv

e em

issi

ons

from

foss

il

fuel

pro

duc

tion

toge

ther

con

trib

uted

aro

und

20%

of

NS

W e

mis

sion

s in

200

2. S

ince

199

0 w

aste

em

issi

ons

have

gro

wn

stro

ngly

, w

hile

em

issi

ons

from

ind

ustr

ial p

roce

sses

and

fugi

tive

sour

ces

dec

lined

sig

nific

antly

. E

ach

sect

or,

how

ever

, is

pro

ject

ed t

o gr

ow s

tron

gly

in t

he d

ecad

e ah

ead

.

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t ai

ms

to r

educ

e no

n-en

ergy

gre

enho

use

emis

sion

s fr

om in

dus

try.

To a

chie

ve t

his,

NS

W G

over

nmen

t w

ill:

• C

onsi

der

non

-ene

rgy

gree

nhou

se g

as e

mis

sion

s d

urin

g en

viro

nmen

tal i

mp

act

asse

ssm

ent

of n

ew p

roje

cts

• R

educ

e w

aste

dis

pos

al t

o la

ndfil

ls

• E

ncou

rage

cap

ture

and

use

of m

etha

ne fr

om m

ines

, in

dus

try

and

land

fills

• S

upp

ort

R&

D a

nd d

emon

stra

tion

of lo

w e

mis

sion

s in

tens

ity in

dus

tria

l pro

cess

es

• R

educ

e th

e us

e of

pot

ent

ind

ustr

ial (

synt

hetic

) gre

enho

use

gase

s

51

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

Ou

r ac

hie

vem

ents

so

far

:

Red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

- W

aste

, in

dus

tria

l pro

cess

es a

nd

fugi

tive

emis

sion

s

Typ

e of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

3.5.

1

Pro

vid

ed c

red

it fo

r em

issi

ons

abat

emen

t fr

om a

void

ed w

aste

d

isp

osal

und

er t

he N

SW

Gre

enho

use

Gas

Ab

atem

ent

Sch

eme

Ab

atem

ent

(Eco

nom

ic

Inst

rum

ent)

Low

- O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng o

ver

time

-IP

AR

T

3.5.

2

Con

tinue

d t

o im

ple

men

t th

e W

aste

Avo

idan

ce a

nd R

esou

rce

Rec

over

y S

trat

egy

The

Was

te A

void

ance

and

Res

ourc

e R

ecov

ery

Str

ateg

y is

the

go

vern

men

t’s m

ain

inst

rum

ent

to a

void

was

te g

oing

to

land

fill.

Eco

nom

ic

Inst

rum

ent

NA

-D

EC

Ou

r co

mm

itm

ents

:

Red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

- W

aste

, in

dus

tria

l pro

cess

es

and

fugi

tive

emis

sion

s

Typ

e of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Inno

vatio

n

Fund

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

Mai

nstr

eam

the

con

sid

erat

ion

of g

reen

hous

e in

dec

isio

n m

akin

g

3.5.

3

Rev

iew

the

ad

equa

cy o

f the

was

te le

vy in

the

200

5 W

aste

A

void

ance

and

Res

ourc

e R

ecov

ery

Str

ateg

y up

dat

e

The

effe

ctiv

enes

s of

the

sch

edul

ed in

crea

ses

in t

he w

aste

levy

will

be

asse

ssed

and

the

find

ings

inco

rpor

ated

into

the

200

5 re

view

of t

he

Was

te A

void

ance

and

Res

ourc

e R

ecov

ery

Str

ateg

y w

hich

will

con

sid

er

exte

ndin

g th

e re

gula

r in

crea

ses

in t

he w

aste

levy

bey

ond

the

exi

stin

g sc

hed

ule.

Eco

nom

ic

Inst

rum

ent

NA

--

DE

C

3.5.

4

Dev

elop

gui

del

ines

for

ener

gy a

nd g

reen

hous

e in

Env

ironm

enta

l Im

pac

t A

sses

smen

t (a

lso

see

1.10

)

Gui

del

ines

will

hel

p c

larif

y go

vern

men

t ex

pec

tatio

ns fo

r gr

eenh

ouse

p

erfo

rman

ce in

the

env

ironm

enta

l ass

essm

ent

pro

cess

.

Pla

nnin

g G

uid

ance

Unc

erta

in

– O

ngoi

ng a

nd

Incr

easi

ng o

ver

time

- -

DoP

52

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

Red

uce

was

te d

isp

osal

to

land

fills

3.5.

5

Dev

elop

a W

aste

Infr

astr

uctu

re P

lann

ing

Str

ateg

y an

d G

uid

elin

es fo

r th

e re

cove

ry o

f ene

rgy

from

was

te.

A W

aste

Infr

astr

uctu

re P

lann

ing

Str

ateg

y w

ill:

guid

e ap

pro

pria

te

inve

stm

ent

in N

SW

; p

rovi

de

dire

ctio

n on

the

env

ironm

enta

l ass

essm

ent

and

ap

pro

val p

roce

ss;

and

bro

aden

the

ap

plic

atio

n of

the

Sta

te

Env

ironm

enta

l Pla

nnin

g P

olic

y 48

(Reg

iona

l Put

resc

ible

Lan

dfil

ls) t

o al

l la

ndfil

ls a

nd o

ther

was

te m

anag

emen

t fa

cilit

ies.

Gui

del

ines

on

the

reco

very

of e

nerg

y fr

om w

aste

will

als

o b

e p

rod

uced

to

ens

ure

ener

gy p

roje

cts

are

cons

iste

nt w

ith t

he W

aste

Avo

idan

ce a

nd

Res

ourc

e R

ecov

ery

Str

ateg

y.

Pla

nnin

g G

uid

ance

NA

--

DoP

/ D

EC

Enc

oura

ge c

aptu

re a

nd u

se o

f met

hane

from

min

es,

ind

ustr

y

and

land

fills

3.5.

6

Req

uire

pub

lic r

epor

ting

of fu

gitiv

e em

issi

ons

from

coa

l min

es

and

dev

elop

men

t of

fugi

tive

emis

sion

s m

itiga

tion

stra

tegi

es

Intr

oduc

ing

rep

ortin

g of

em

issi

ons

on a

min

e b

y m

ine

bas

is w

ill p

rovi

de

bas

elin

e d

ata

and

hel

p id

entif

y em

issi

ons

miti

gatio

n p

oten

tial a

nd

com

mer

cial

res

ourc

es.

The

dev

elop

men

t of

miti

gatio

n st

rate

gies

will

en

cour

age

grea

ter

use

of t

he m

etha

ne r

esou

rce.

Mix

of

mea

sure

s

Low

- O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng o

ver

time

--

DP

I

3.5.

7

Rev

ise

the

exis

ting

land

fill g

uid

elin

es t

o re

qui

re c

onsi

der

atio

n of

ga

s m

easu

rem

ent,

cap

ture

and

/or

oxid

atio

n at

exi

stin

g an

d n

ew

land

fills

Rev

ised

gui

del

ines

will

be

imp

lem

ente

d o

n a

case

by

case

bas

is

thro

ugh

envi

ronm

ent

pro

tect

ion

licen

ce c

ond

ition

s su

ch a

s p

ollu

tion

red

uctio

n p

rogr

ams.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Low

- O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng o

ver

time

--

DE

C

Red

uce

the

use

of p

oten

t in

dus

tria

l (sy

nthe

tic) g

reen

hous

e ga

ses

3.5.

8

Wor

k w

ith th

e C

omm

onw

ealth

to in

trod

uce

stric

ter

cont

rols

on

synt

hetic

gre

enho

use

gase

s su

ch a

s hy

drof

luor

ocar

bon

refri

gera

nts

Syn

thet

ic g

reen

hous

e ga

ses

are

very

pot

ent a

nd h

ave

very

hig

h pr

ojec

ted

emis

sion

gro

wth

rat

es. T

he C

omm

onw

ealth

’s O

zone

Pro

tect

ion

and

Syn

thet

ic G

reen

hous

e G

as M

anag

emen

t Act

doe

s no

t cur

rent

ly im

pose

qu

otas

or

phas

e-ou

ts fo

r us

es w

here

alte

rnat

ive

low

pot

ency

gas

es e

xist

.

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Low

- O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng o

ver

time

--

TCO

53

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.5.

9

Per

mit

the

use

of h

ydro

carb

on r

efrig

eran

ts in

Mot

or V

ehic

le A

ir C

ond

ition

ing

Sys

tem

s su

bje

ct t

o th

e d

emon

stra

tion

of t

heir

safe

us

e

Syn

thet

ic r

efrig

eran

ts a

re t

ypic

ally

ver

y p

oten

t gr

eenh

ouse

gas

es

but

nat

ural

gre

enho

use

frie

ndly

alte

rnat

ives

are

ava

ilab

le fo

r m

ost

refr

iger

atio

n ap

plic

atio

ns.

NS

W r

egul

atio

n of

hyd

roca

rbon

ref

riger

ants

in

mot

or v

ehic

les

is b

eing

rev

iew

ed t

o m

ake

it co

nsis

tent

with

nat

iona

l oc

cup

atio

nal h

ealth

and

saf

ety

stan

dar

ds.

Ab

atem

ent

(Vol

unta

ry)

Low

- O

ngoi

ng

Incr

easi

ng o

ver

time

--

TCO

3.6

N

atu

ral r

eso

urc

es a

nd

lan

d m

anag

emen

t

Ther

e ar

e si

gnifi

cant

op

por

tuni

ties

for

emis

sion

red

uctio

n an

d c

arb

on s

eque

stra

tion

sink

dev

elop

men

t

Agr

icul

ture

em

issi

ons

cont

ribut

ed 1

4% o

f N

SW

tot

al e

mis

sion

s in

200

2. S

tron

g gr

owth

in

emis

sion

s fr

om s

oils

was

offs

et b

y a

larg

e d

eclin

e in

emis

sion

s fr

om li

vest

ock.

Thi

s is

like

ly t

o b

e a

tem

por

ary

effe

ct o

f red

uced

sto

ck n

umb

ers

due

to

dro

ught

. E

mis

sion

s fr

om la

nd c

lear

ing

dec

lined

a

sign

ifica

nt 6

0% b

etw

een

1990

and

200

2, c

ontr

ibut

ing

5% o

f tot

al e

mis

sion

s in

200

2.

Ther

e ar

e si

gnifi

cant

op

por

tuni

ties

to in

crea

se th

e am

ount

of c

arb

on s

eque

ster

ed in

veg

etat

ion

and

the

soil

for t

he d

evel

opm

ent o

f car

bon

sin

ks. T

he

Aus

tral

ian

Bur

eau

of A

gric

ultu

re a

nd R

esou

rce

Eco

nom

ics

estim

ated

that

it w

ould

be

econ

omic

to lo

ck u

p m

ore

than

440

Mt o

f car

bon

in p

lant

atio

ns

if th

e m

arke

t p

rice

for

carb

on d

ioxi

de

was

$30

per

ton

ne,

278

Mt

at $

15 p

er t

onne

, an

d 1

06 M

t at

$5

per

ton

ne.

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t ai

ms

to r

educ

e em

issi

ons

and

incr

ease

car

bon

seq

uest

ratio

n.

To a

chie

ve t

his,

the

NS

W G

over

nmen

t w

ill:

• Im

pro

ve o

ur u

nder

stan

din

g of

the

way

car

bon

is s

tore

d a

nd lo

st fr

om t

he la

ndsc

ape

thro

ugh

scie

ntifi

c re

sear

ch

• R

aise

aw

aren

ess

abou

t w

ays

to m

inim

ise

emis

sion

s

• P

rom

ote

carb

on s

eque

stra

tion.

54

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

Ou

r ac

hie

vem

ents

so

far

:

Red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

- N

atur

al r

esou

rces

and

land

man

agem

ent

Typ

e of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

3.6.

1

Imp

lem

ente

d la

nd c

lear

ing

cont

rols

thr

ough

the

Nat

ive

Vege

tatio

n A

ct 2

003

Ab

atem

ent

(Man

dat

ory)

Unc

erta

in

Pro

bab

ly H

igh

-D

NR

3.6.

2

Intr

oduc

ed c

arb

on r

ight

s le

gisl

atio

n

The

NS

W G

over

nmen

t in

trod

uced

the

wor

ld’s

firs

t ca

rbon

rig

hts

legi

slat

ion

in 1

998.

Thi

s le

gisl

atio

n re

cogn

ises

car

bon

seq

uest

ratio

n (a

bso

rptio

n an

d s

tora

ge) b

y fo

rest

s in

law

, an

d a

llow

s th

e ow

ners

hip

, sa

le,

and

man

agem

ent

of t

hese

car

bon

rig

hts

as a

kin

d o

f for

estr

y rig

ht.

Inve

stor

s ca

n no

w t

rad

e se

par

atel

y in

the

rig

hts

to la

nd,

tree

s an

d ca

rbon

in a

giv

en a

rea.

Ab

atem

ent

--

DP

I (Fo

rest

s N

SW

)

3.6.

3

Att

ract

ed in

tern

atio

nal i

nves

tmen

t in

to c

arb

on s

eque

stra

tion

in

Fore

sts

NS

W p

lant

atio

ns

Fore

sts

NS

W p

lant

s an

d m

anag

es t

he fo

rest

s on

beh

alf o

f priv

ate

inve

stor

s. T

he t

hree

inve

stor

s ar

e th

e To

kyo

Ele

ctric

Pow

er C

omp

any,

S

wis

s b

ased

firm

ST

Mic

roel

ectr

onic

s an

d A

ustr

alia

n Fo

rest

ry

Man

agem

ent

(par

t of

the

Rot

hsch

ild A

ustr

alia

Gro

up).

The

carb

on

ben

efits

are

all

reta

ined

by

the

inve

stor

s, h

owev

er t

here

are

ass

ocia

ted

soil,

sal

inity

and

bio

div

ersi

ty b

enef

its t

o N

SW

. P

lant

ing

cont

inue

s w

ith

over

5 0

00 h

ecta

res

pla

nted

to

dat

e.

Ab

atem

ent

For

ever

y 10

00 h

a of

p

lant

ed fo

rest

, ov

er 5

00 0

00

tonn

es o

f C

O2

will

be

seq

uest

ered

.

-D

PI (

Fore

sts

NS

W)

Ou

r co

mm

itm

ents

:

Red

ucin

g em

issi

ons

- N

atur

al r

esou

rces

and

land

man

agem

ent

Typ

e of

mea

sure

Em

issi

on

abat

emen

t

Exi

stin

g

fund

ing

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Inno

vatio

n

Fund

$m

(05/

06-0

8/09

)

Res

pon

sib

le

agen

cy

Imp

rove

our

und

erst

and

ing

thro

ugh

rese

arch

3.6.

4

Ass

ess

the

emis

sion

s im

plic

atio

ns o

f im

ple

men

ting

the

Nat

ive

Vege

tatio

n A

ct 2

003

Som

e of

the

act

iviti

es p

erm

itted

und

er t

he A

ct m

ay le

ad t

o em

issi

ons

that

will

cou

nt a

gain

st A

ustr

alia

’s K

yoto

tar

get.

Wor

king

with

the

C

omm

onw

ealth

gov

ernm

ent,

the

ext

ent

of t

hese

em

issi

ons

will

be

estim

ated

thr

ough

the

ana

lysi

s of

nat

ive

vege

tatio

n m

aps,

sat

ellit

e im

ages

, re

cord

s of

nat

ive

vege

tatio

n cl

earin

g, c

onse

nts

and

the

offs

et

req

uire

men

ts u

nder

the

reg

ulat

ions

. Th

e fin

din

gs w

ill b

e us

ed in

the

d

evel

opm

ent

of fu

ture

ince

ntiv

e p

rogr

ams.

Res

earc

h an

d d

evel

opm

ent

NA

--

DN

R

55

NS

W G

ree

nh

ou

se

Pla

n

3.6.

5

Imp

rove

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and

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geta

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to

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carb

on a

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esto

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atur

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abita

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ssoc

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--

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/ D

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Rev

iew

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reg

ulat

ory

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ntiv

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viro

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t fo

r fa

rm

fore

stry

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The

Pla

ntat

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ffore

stat

ion

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199

7, w

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ly r

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res

cons

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nmen

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lant

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gre

ater

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ctar

es,

will

be

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with

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onw

ealth

Go

vern

men

t

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Glossary and abbreviations

Abatement reducing the degree or intensity of, or eliminating, greenhouse gas

emissions.

Adaptation planning and preparation that aims to minimise the costs (or maximise

any benefits) of climate change impacts.

Afforestation defined by the Kyoto Protocol as, “direct human–induced conversion

of land that has not been forested for at least 50 years to forested

land through planting, seeding and/or the human-induced promotion

of natural seed sources.”

AGO The Australian Greenhouse Office. The Office is the lead Commonwealth

agency on greenhouse matters.

Anaerobic without oxygen. Methane producing organisms are anaerobic and

easily killed through contact with oxygen.

Bioenergy energy derived from plant and animal material, such as wood from

forests, residues from agricultural and forestry processes, and industrial,

human or animal wastes.

Biofuel fuel derived from plant or animal material, such as wood from forests,

residues from agricultural and forestry processes, and industrial, human

or animal wastes.

Biomass plant materials and animal waste used as fuel or alternatively the total

mass of living matter in a given area.

Carbon-constrained an economy where emissions of CO2 (and frequently other greenhouse

gases) are regulated, for example through a carbon tax or emission

trading system.

Carbon dioxide equivalent see CO2e

Carbon sequestration rights generally, a form of property right for carbon sequestered in trees.

CH4 methane.

CO2 carbon dioxide.

CO2e carbon dioxide equivalent. Carbon dioxide equivalent is the universal

unit of measurement used to evaluate the impact of releasing different

greenhouse gases. It is based on the global warming potential of each

of the gases.

CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.

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Deforestation the direct human-induced conversion of forested land to non-forested

land.

DET NSW Department of Education and Training.

DEUS NSW Department of Energy, Utilities and Sustainability .

DEC NSW Department of Environment and Conservation.

DNR NSW Department of Natural Resources.

DoP NSW Department of Planning.

DPI NSW Department of Primary Industries.

DMR NSW Department of Mineral Resources.

DSRD NSW Department of State and Regional Development.

Emissions trading a system designed to allow greenhouse gas emission reductions to

take place wherever it is least costly. It typically works by capping

the quantity of allowable emissions. The cap is generally divided into

tradeable permits equivalent to one tonne of CO2e. Participants must

hold a number of permits greater or equal to their actual emissions

level and the right to emit becomes a tradeable commodity.

Fugitive emissions includes emission from coal mine seams, flaring and venting associated

with oil and gas production and gas leaks from pipes, pumps and

valves.

Global Warming Potential (GWP) an index describing the combined effect of the differing times greenhouse

gases remain in the atmosphere and their relative effectiveness in

absorbing heat. For example, over a 100 year time horizon, carbon

dioxide has a GWP of 1, while methane has a GWP of 23 and nitrous

oxide has a GWP of 296.

GHO NSW Greenhouse Office

HFCs hydrofluorocarbons

Intensity a measure of efficiency. Energy or emissions intensity refers to the

amount of energy required or emissions generated to produce a given

amount, such as electricity.

IPART Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal of NSW.

IPCC the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, established by the

United Nations Environment Program and the World Meteorological

Organisation, brings together the world’s leading scientists to report

on climate change science.

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LULUCF Land use, Land Use Change and Forestry.

Mt/a Millions of tonnes per annum.

N2O nitrous oxide.

Negative externalities occur when a decision (for example, to emit greenhouse gases) creates

a cost to individuals or groups other than the person making the

decision. In other words, the decision-maker does not bear all of the

costs from his or her action.

NRC Natural Resources Commission.

NGGI National Greenhouse Gas Inventory.

PFCs perfluorocarbons.

ppm parts per million – a measure of concentration.

Ratification acceptance of a legally binding commitment under a Convention or

Protocol by a national government.

Reforestation defined by the Kyoto Protocol as the direct human-induced conversion

of non-forested land to forested land through planting, seeding and/or

promotion of natural seed sources, on land that was forested but that

has been converted to non-forested land. For the first commitment

period, reforestation activities will be limited to reforestation occurring

on those lands that did not contain forest on the 31 December 1989.

RTA Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW.

SF6 sulphur hexafluoride.

Sequestration removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere by vegetation or

technological measures. Carbon sequestration is defined by the IPCC

as the process through which carbon is absorbed by biomass such as

trees, soils and crops.

SES State Emergency Service.

Sink a pool or reservoir that stores carbon, lowering the amount of carbon

dioxide in the atmosphere. Examples include a geological structure or

trees and other vegetation.

Source any process or activity that releases a greenhouse gas, an aerosol or a

precursor of a greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

Stationary energy Stationary energy emissions are those from fossil fuel consumption

other than that associated with transport. The main subdivisions include

electricity and heat production and manufacturing and construction

industries.

TCO The Cabinet Office.

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Endnotes1 Further information about the greenhouse effect and global climate change is available from the websites of

the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (www.ipcc.ch) and the World Meteorological Organisation

(www.wmo.ch/web/wcp/wcdmp).

2 The complete CSIRO/BoM reports on climate projections for NSW can be found on the NSW Greenhouse

Office website at www.greenhouseinfo.nsw.gov.au.

3 Further information about climate change impacts in Australia can be found at www.greenhouse.gov.au/

impacts.

4 Further information about the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto

Protocol is available at www.unfccc.int.

5 These figures were produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and are included in the

CSIRO’s climate projections for NSW (www.greenhouseinfo.nsw.gov.au).

6 Further detail about the NSW Greenhouse Gas inventory is available from www.greenhouse.gov.au/

inventory.

7 The full report on the emission abatement cost curve, including assumptions, is available on the NSW

Greenhouse Office website at www.greenhouseinfo.nsw.gov.au.

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Useful Links

NSW Greenhouse Office www.greenhouseinfo.nsw.gov.au

NSW Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme www.greenhousegas.nsw.gov.au

NSW Department of Energy, Utilities

and Sustainability www.deus.nsw.gov.au

Energy Smart Home

(how to make your home more energy efficient) www.energysmart.com.au

Energy Smart Allies

(directory of providers of energy efficient products) www.energysmartallies.com

Energy efficient labelling/ Minimum

Energy Performance Standards www.energyrating.gov.au

United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change http://unfccc.int/

Australian Government Green Vehicle Guide www.greenvehicleguide.gov.au

NSW Energy Sector Greenhouse Benchmarking www.deus.nsw.gov.au/eeg/gb/index.htm

NSW Government Energy Management Policy www.deus.nsw.gov.au/eeg/gemp/index.htm

Australian Building Greenhouse Rating Scheme www.abgr.com.au

BASIX www.basix.nsw.gov.au

National Green Power Accreditation Program www.greenpower.gov.au

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