COMPARTMENT SYNDROMEMusculoskeletal System

http://moodle2.rockyview.ab.ca/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=52001By Alicia Paine

Author (A) - Compartment syndrome affects all parts of the musculoskeletal systemFunctions of the Skeletal SystemSupportsProtectsAllows for MovementStores MineralsBlood Cell ProductionStores Triglycerides

dreamstime.com/stock-photo-yoga-dancer-pose-muscle-over-skeleton-image21202590

Bone GrowthMineralsCalciumPhosphorusVitaminsVitamin A: for osteoblast (baby bones) growthVitamin C: to produce collagenVitamin D: to help absorb calciumHormonesInsulin growth factorsSex hormones

http://www.miamimontessori.org/images/child-dev.jpg

Bone Composition

Bone Structurehttp://tratando-acondroplasia.blogspot.com/2015/03/tratando-acondroplasia-historia-do.html

Bone TissueCompact boneDiaphysis of long bonesBeneath periosteumStrongest type of bone tissueContains osteonsSpongy boneEpiphyses of long boneShort, flat, and irregular shaped-bonesLight bone that stores red bone marrowNo osteons

Blood Supply to the BoneNutrient Foramen Arteries enterPeriosteal ArteriesMetaphyseal ArteriesEpiphyseal ArteriesNutrient Foramen Veins exitEpiphyseal Vein Metaphyseal VeinPeriosteal Veins

https://quizlet.com/20960701/bone-001-flash-cards/

Muscular SystemBody movementStabilizationStorageHeat productionFunctionsExcitabilityContractilityExtensibilityElasticity

Propertieshttp://moodle2.rockyview.ab.ca/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=52001

Muscle TissueSkeletal VoluntaryMotion, posture, heat productionCardiacInvoluntary Pump bloodSmoothInvoluntaryConstriction

http://imgarcade.com/1/muscle-tissue-types/

Layers of the MuscleFasciaEpimysiumPerimysiumFasciclesEndomysium

https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/medsurg-exam-3-musculoskeletal/deck/4324143

Muscle Compartment

https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/medsurg-exam-3-musculoskeletal/deck/4324143

Compartment SyndromeDefinition: an increase in pressure in the muscle compartment that causes a decrease in the amount of blood that can perfuse that area (Porth 2015, 1089-1090)http://jacobiem.org/compartment-syndrome-dr-gruber/.

LocationOsseofascial closed compartmentsTibia proximal tibia*Forearm distal humerus*ThighHandFootGlutealSternocleidomastoid

http://www.physio-pedia.com/Musculoskeletal_Physiotherapy_Courses(Reisman 2013, 8)

Causes of Compartment SyndromeCastDressingsBurnsFracturesTraumaExercise-Induced

http://www.coreperformance.com/knowledge/injury-pain/compartment-syndrome-a-primer.html

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-plaster-bandage.htm#didyouknowout

How it happensIncreased Tissue PressureIncreased Venous PressureCapillary Collapse releasing histamineDecrease in Arterial perfusionAnoxia AcidosisNecrosis: Muscle cells Nerve cells Epithelial cells

http://medicablogs.diariomedico.com/elenfermeroperplejo/2014/05/15/compartment-syndrome/(Johnston-Walker and Hardcastle 2011, 170-177)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekCudMlN1Do

SymptomsParesthesia (abnormal sensation) first symptomHallmark: pain above the patients normal complaintPale skinCool skinPulseless late signParalysis late sign Nerve Damage & Muscle Damage

http://www.eorthopod.com/content/adult-wrist-fractures-treatment(Johnston-Walker and Hardcastle 2011, 170-177)

http://www.physio-pedia.com/Musculoskeletal_Physiotherapy_Courses

ComplicationsMuscles break down Myoglobin acute renal failureDead cells release:Potassium cardiac dysrhythmiasIrreversible nerve damageContraction: Volkmanns GangreneAmputation

(Johnston-Walker and Hardcastle 2011, 170-177)(Reisman 2013, 2)

TreatmentDiagnose: Pressure test to diagnose

Split Cast

http://www.eorthopod.com/content/adult-wrist-fractures-treatment

http://njsportsmed.com/compartment_testing.html

http://thehealthscience.com/search/google/showthreadFasciotomy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lKKBWWErHM&index=2&l ist=PLOyw 5kgpPRxwdl S1KJc3KlBQdeT_Tj8uC.

Current Research on FasciotomiesPresence of persistent sequelaeSecondary intention healing showed best result for small incisionsLarge incisions can use delayed primary PREVENTION!(Dover et al. 2012,312-315)

http://pikdit.com/i/compartment-syndrome-in-my-boss-leg-oc/

REFERENCESColbourne, Helene. 2007. Inquiry into Biology. Ismreader. JPG. Accessed October 16, 2015. http://moodle2.rockyview.ab.ca/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=52001.

Core Performance. 2015. Compartment Syndrome and Exercise. JPG. Accessed October 16, 2015. http://www.coreperformance.com/knowledge/injury-pain/compartment-syndrome-a-primer.html.

Dreamstime. 2015. Yoga Dancer Pose. Dreamstime. JPG. Accessed October 16, 2015. http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-yoga-dancer-pose-muscle-over-skeleton- image21202590.

Gruber, Derreck. 2013. Compartment Syndrome. Jacobi Medical Center: Emergency Medicine. JPG. Accessed October 15, 2015. http://jacobiem.org/compartment-syndrome-dr-gruber/.

Health Science. 2015. Fasciotomy Procedure. JPG. http://thehealthscience.com/search/google/showthread

Imgarcade. 2015. Muscle Tissue Types. JPG. Accessed October 16, 2015. http://imgarcade.com/1/muscle-tissue-types/.

Johnston-Walker, Elizabeth, and Jane Hardcastle. 2011. "Neurovascular Assessment in the Critically Ill Patient." Nursing In Critical Care 16, no. 4: 170-177 8p. Accessed October 14, 2015. CINAHL with Full Text, EBSCOhost.

Mayo Clinic. 2011. Runners Compartment Syndrome. YouTube video, 2:35. Accessed October 14, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lKKBWWErHM&index=2&l ist=PLOyw 5kgpPRxwdl S1KJc3KlBQdeT_Tj8uC.

Medicalblogs. 2015. Compartment Syndrome. JPG Accessed October 16, 2015. http://medicablogs.diariomedico.com/elenfermeroperplejo/2014/05/15/compartment-syndrome/.

Miami Montessori School. 2013. Programs. JPG. Accessed October 16, 2015. http://www.miamimontessori.org/images/child-dev.jpg.

NJSSportsmed.com. 2015. Exertional Compartment Syndrome. JPG. Accessed October 16, 2015. http://njsportsmed.com/compartment_testing.html.

Orthopod. 2015. Orthopedic Information. JPG. Accessed October 16, 2015. http://www.eorthopod.com/content/adult-wrist-fractures-treatment.

Physio-pedia.com. 2015. Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Courses. JPG. Accessed October 17, 2015. http://www.physio-pedia.com/Musculoskeletal_Physiotherapy_Courses.

Porth, Carol Mattson. 2015. Essentials of Pathophysiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.

Pikdit. 2013. Healing. JPG. Accessed October 16, 2015. http://pikdit.com/i/compartment-syndrome-in-my-boss-leg-oc/

Quizlet. 2015. Bone 001. JPG. Accessed October 16, 2015. https://quizlet.com/20960701/bone-001-flash-cards/.Reisman, William. 2013. Acute Compartment Syndrome. Emory Orthopaedic Trauma. 1-31. JPG. Accessed October 17, 2015. www.orthopaedicresearch.org/...Reisman Compartment Syndrome.pdf.Studyblue.com. 2015. Other Structural Components. JPG. Accessed October 16, 2015. https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/other-structural-components-of-skeletal-muscle/deck/1411879.Terca-Feira. 2015. Treating Achondroplasia. Blogspot. JPG Accessed October 16, 2015. http://tratando-acondroplasia.blogspot.com/2015/03/tratando-acondroplasia-historia-do.html.Total Sports Medicine. 2014. What is Exertional Compartment Syndrome? YouTube video, 0:41. Accessed October 14, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekCudMlN1Do.WiseGeek. 2015. What is a Plaster Bandage. JPG. Accessed October 16, 2015. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-plaster-bandage.htm.

REFERENCES