Nuclear Agency and For Radioactive Waste, National Authority to...

Nuclear Agency and For Radioactive Waste,National Authority to promote

Peaceful Nuclear Technologies in Romania

Prepared by Eugen BANCHES

Senior Advisor, Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste (ANDR), ROMANIA

2nd IAEE SEES Romania Symposium – Energy Union and

the Penetration of New Energy TechnologiesBucharest, Romania, 5-6 September 2019

Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste

Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste (ANDR)

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• to provide specialized technical assistance to the Government in the process

of developing and adopting policies to promote, develop and monitor the

power and non-power applications of nuclear energy in exclusive peaceful

purposes, safe disposal of radioactive waste and to coordinate, at national

level, the process of radioactive waste management and the

decommissioning of nuclear installations

• to ensure, as National Contact Point in its field of activity, the external and

internal representation of the Romanian state

Main responsibilities :

• ANDR is the competent national authority for promoting, developing and monitoring nuclear

activities exclusively for peaceful purposes and for safe management of radioactive waste,

including their final disposal.

Mission:

ANDR 2018 achievements as National Contact Point regarding Technical

Cooperation with IAEA, NEA-OECD, IFNEC (I)

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• the financial obligations that Romania has to the IAEA as an annual contribution

to the Working Fund, the Ordinary Budget and to the IAEA Technical

Cooperation Fund, respectively USD 79 074 and EUR 616 827 (the amount of

EUR 65 635 remaining for the Ordinary Budget remaining unpaid)

• the financial obligations that Romania has to the NEA OECD (60 857, 00

EURO) and to NEA Data Bank (20 256, 61 EURO)

• the financial obligations of for the year 2018 to the IAEA, that the

Romanian institutes carry out within the Technical Cooperation

Program, in accordance with the provisions of Gov. Ordinance no.

205/2008, respectively 2.5% of the value of the budget allocated by

the IAEA, respectively 22 247.5 EURO

Ensuring the minimal financial conditions for the National institution participation in IAEA and OECD-NEA activities by Making appropriate payments for :


Cooperation with IAEA, NEA-OECD, IFNEC (II)

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• updating the National Nuclear Energy Profile – under IAEA coordination and with

the support of national institutions implied in nuclear energy field; the updated

National Nuclear Power Profile can be found on the web page:

https://cnpp.iaea.org/countryprofiles/Romania/Romania.htm

• updating the Romanian contribution for the NEA-NDC Brown Book Report;

http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2018/7416-ned-2018.pdf.

• coordination Romanian participation in the NEA-NDC studies:

• “Sustainable Development and the Aplication of Discounting to the Calculation of the Levelised Costs of Electricity”; http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=

NEA/NDC/R(2018)1&docLanguage=En

• “Electricity Generation for Deep Decarbonisation: System Costs With High Shares of Nuclear and Renewables”; http://www.oecd-

nea.org/ndd/pubs/2019/7299-system-costs.pdf

Updating and national contributions to international reports and studies :

https://cnpp.iaea.org/countryprofiles/Romania/Romania.htm

http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2018/7416-ned-2018.pdf

http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=NEA/NDC/R(2018)1&docLanguage=En


Cooperation with IAEA, NEA-OECD, IFNEC (III)

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• IAEA-TC active Projects (4 National, 15 Regional and 6 Interregional): ROM 6/017,

ROM 6/019, ROM 9/036, ROM 9/037, RER 0/043, RER 1/018, RER 1/019, RER

1/020, RER 2/014, RER 2/015, RER 2/016, RER 5/023, RER 6/036, RER 6/037,

RER 6/038, RER 7/009, RER 7/011, RER 9/146, RER 9/147, INT 0/095, INT 0/097,

INT 2/018, INT 0/091, INT 5/155, INT 6/062

• IAEA-TC new Projects (4 National, 5 Regional)

Coordination of the experts national participation in IAEA-TC Projects :

Coordination of national support for 8 international participants in IAEA Scientific Visits in 3 National Research Institutes (CNCAN, IFIN-HH, RATEN ICN-Pitesti)

Coordination for 7 national institutions representatives and experts (SNN, CNCAN, ICN

Piteşti, CITON şi IFIN-HH, ANDR, Constanța County Council) participation in 11 Scientific Visits an one Expert IAEA Mission


Cooperation with IAEA, NEA-OECD, IFNEC (IV)

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• IAEA General Conferences

• IAEA-INPRO Steering Comities Meetings

• OECD-NEA Steering Committees

• OECD-NEA Comities Meetings (Committee for Technical and Economic Studies on Nuclear

Energy Development and the Fuel Cycle – NDC, Radioactive Waste Management Committee –RWMC, Nuclear Law Committee - NLC, Committee on Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations

and Legacy Management - CDLM , Management Board for Development, Application and

Validation of Nuclear Data Codes – MBDAV, Nuclear Science Committee – NSC, Committee of

the Safety Nuclear Installations – CNSI, Committee of Radiation Protection and Public Health,

Comity of Nuclear Regulatory Activities – CNRA)

• IFNEC Groups Meetings (Steering Group, Executive Committee and Ministerial-level meetings,

Infrastructure Development Working Group - IDWG, Reliable Nuclear Fuel Services Working

Group - RNFSWG, Nuclear Supplier and Customer Countries Engagement Group - NSCCEG)

• Euratom Events

Coordination of national participation of national liaison officers national, national experts

and staff representatives in the departmental structures of the international organizations and in intercorrelated international/ ministerial events by ensuring their participation in :

ANDR achievements into the IAEA-International Project on Innovative Nuclear

Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) activities since 2012

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• 2012 – The Prim Minister approve the Memorandum nr. 5/5237 din 19.07.2012 on the ANDR

coordination of national institution participation in INPRO with in-kind contribution (participation in

the IAEA-INPRO Collaborative Projects SYNERGIES, ROADMAPS, CENESO, PROSA

• 2013 – ANDR lanced “Nuclear Energy System Assessment in Romania” project in INPRO Action Plan 2012 – 2013

• Until 2014, ANDR with IAEA technical support ensured the training more then 20 national

representatives from ANDR, ME, SNN, ICN-Pitesti, CITON, CNU, INSS) in the area of IAEA tools

developing in order:

• to estimate the long term energy demand (MAED – Model for Assessment of Energy

Demand) and

• for modelling national scenarios to use nuclear energies technologies in national and

international energy mix long term contributions (MESSAGE - Model of Energy Supply

Strategy Alternatives and their General Environmental Impacts)

“Nuclear Energy System Assessment in Romania” with INPRO Methodology Preliminary Motivation for Romania as INPRO Member

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• Conducting Nuclear Energy System Assessment (NESA) to define the Most Probable Long

Term Scenarios (until 2070) related to Nuclear Energy System (NES) contribution in

National Energy Mix (NEMix) as support for National Energy Strategy development and for

National Long-Term Nuclear Field Strategy development including National Long Term

Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste Management updating.

• To perform the assessment in Economics, Radioactive Waste and Infrastructure areas,

using INPRO Methodology, in order to investigate the status of NES sustainability for each

representative scenario, and provide recommendations for further actions as needed to

meet all Basic Principles, User Requirements and Criteria (Indicators and Acceptance

limits).

• Main National Contributors in INPRO Activities since 2012:• Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste (national coordinator and participant in the NESA in

Romania project, SYNERGIES, ROADMAPS, CENESO, FF SMR, INPRO Dialogue Forums)

• RATEN ICN Pitesti (participant and national contributor in NESA in Romania project,

SYNERGIES, ROADMAPS, KIND, CENESO, WIRAF, INPRO Dialogue Forums)

• SN Nuclearelectrica SA (participants in INPRO Dialogue Forums)


“NESA in Romania” – Status

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- Lanced in 2013, in INPRO Action Plan 2012 – 2013,

- First report, “The potential role of the nuclear power in the national mix of energy supply

(Romanian case study - Preliminary Report)”, was completed by national expert team

(using MAED and MESSAGE models) in October 2015; ANDR provided the report to

INPRO secretariat in 2016,

- Second report, “NESA Romanian Case Study - Second Report Assessment of the long

term options for NES development, using INPRO Methodology in the areas of

Economics, Infrastructure and Waste Management”, the assessment was completed in

the middle of 2018.

- Some data used to perform the radioactive waste management assessment were

provided only in contractual regime and the preliminary expert recommendations

were formulated to be agreed in house.

- The recommendation were discussed and were considered in house to be

implemented at institutional level in short and medium term.

Technical Studies Predictions for a sustainable Nuclear Power in Energy Mix contribution – planning the

Long Term Vision using IAEA Tools: provide nuclear scenarios and their predicted long term effects –based on history and status assessment (we have solutions - what are their long term effects?) 10

resources

import:

Gas, Coal

domestic:

Coal, Gas,

Uranium

Hydro,

Wind,

Solar

National

History of-Economic

-Social

-Environmental

-Institutional &

Technological

Indicators

3 MAED

Prediction

for Energy

Demand

Long Term

evolution

slow Demand (D1) evolution of

electricity & district heat

medium Demand (D2) evolution

of electricity & district heat

high Demand (D3) evolution of

electricity & district heat

Proven Technologies for electricity

and/or heat production

(Classic, Renewable, Nuclear)

Proven technologies for energy

storage and redistribution

(Hydro/ Thermal Pumping Storage)

- Non Proven Technologies

- (non-affordable at low costs)

-

MESSAGE

Prediction for

the Energy Mix

Competitors

Long Term

Contributions

Classic

optimistic

3 Nuclear

Scenarios Low Nuclear (S1)

High Nuclear (S3)

Reference Nuclear (S2)

Contribution for

(S3)

Contribution for

(S1)

Contribution for

(S2)

principles

“NESA in Romania” – 1st Report , “The potential role of the nuclear power in the national mix of energy (NEMix) supply ” - Case Study Concept


NUCLEAR POWER SECTOR:• S1: 2 CANDU units (the existing ones + their life extension)• S2: 4 CANDU units – national energy strategy in force 2013-2020 (theexisting ones and those in construction + their life extension);sensitivity studies for 3 scenarios of investment capital level costs

• S3: 4 CANDU units + New NPP installed capacities (Gen III+ after2035: PWR/ HWR)

CLASIC POWER & DISTRICT HEAT SECTOR – optimistic assumption• HYDRO (including pumping-storage), Wind Farms & Solar PV,THERMO (existing/ coal, lignite, gas; new/ lignite, gas, includingthermal district-distribution & storage – CO2 capture technologies notyet considered as classic competitors in the preliminary model till 2070/“GETICA CO2 project” have no relevant results)

NON-PROVEN TECHNOLOGIES in the first year of modelling period:• These are in development status and the industrial use will be verycostly

• These technologies will be developed and used only when the energydemand will exceeded the proven technology capacity associated toeach selected scenario.

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“NESA in Romania” – MESSAGE Competing Technologies in the 1st Report


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The evolution of Energy Demand (D) predicted by MAED for 2011-2070 period

“NESA in Romania” – MESSAGE energy demand in the 1st Report


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P1: The sustainability of the National Energy Mix (NEMix) is ensured by its

Proven Technologies' components capability to meet associated sustainable

demand.

P2: The security of energy supply of the National Energy Mix (NEMix) is ensured

by their structural components capability to meet associated sustainable demand.

P3: The „MESSAGE case study” performed for this report is considering the

Combined Electricity and District Heat national mix (EDHMix) - composed by 3

main competitor components at minimal total costs of energy production

[Objective function=MESSAGE optimisation criteria ]: Classical, Renewables and

Nuclear ; Non-Proven (dummy) technologies are also considered in competition

in order to assure fitting of the considered demand.

P4: NEMix security of energy supply can be ensured if all its subsystems

contribute to the security of energy supply, in compliance with EU requirements

on the minimising the CO2 emissions – but is sustainable and secured if the

dummy technologies are not selected.

“NESA in Romania” – 4 Principles for scenarios selection in 1st Report


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The period in which the “securityof energy supply” in the NEMix is

ensured for each nuclear scenario

considered, for the medium

demand (D2) increase of energy

and for the discount rate 8% by

year and 10 USD/tCO2 penalty, is

as follows:

• 2011-2065, for the Reference

Nuclear Scenario (S2, Dummy),

• 2011-2045, for the Low

Nuclear Scenario (S1, Dummy),• 2011-2070 and after this

period, for the High Nuclear

Scenario (NO Dummy S3).

The principles [P1], [P2] & [P4]

can be used in a multi-criteria

analyse.

“NESA in Romania” – MESSAGE results for medium demands in the 1st Report


“NESA in Romania” – CO2 emissions results for medium demands in the 1st Report

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This opportunity differs for each nuclear scenarioas follow:

• For the Reference Nuclear Scenario (S2) and the Low Nuclear Scenario (S1) – nuclear technologies ensure to meet the uncovered energy demand by the renewable technologies annual production, and by the maximal annual classical technologies production, allowed after the national CO2 emission annual limit is reached..

• For the High Nuclear Scenario (S3) – the nuclear technologies ensure to meet the energy demand

uncovered by classical technologies and, similar to the other two scenarios until 2035. After 2035, advances nuclear technologies will further contribute to rapid reduction of CO2 emissions as result of their competitiveness superior to other two technologies.

New IAEA INPRO Collaborative Projects, Dialogue Forums and other Regional and

Interregional Projects in order to support for long term SMR deployment.

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• INPRO Collaborative Project on Case Study for SMR projectdevelopment lanced in 2015 in order to study the three hypotheticaloptions of TNPP deployment have been selected for consideration,namely: submersible, floating and land-based. This report is restrictedto these three case studies and does not preclude other deploymentoptions. The focus of this activity is on TNPP deployments in countriesother than the country of origin. A transportable nuclear power plant iscapable of producing final energy products like electricity, process heat,etc., but is not designed to either produce energy during relocations orprovide energy for the relocation itself.

• In the middle of the 2019 in Pitesti, Romania, CNCAN organised withIAEA technical support a workshop related also to the SMRtechnologies status.

• An INPRO Dialogue Form on SMR deployment was held in Koreea inJuly 2019 with a large international participation from the SMRproviders and the national experts in order to discuss the opportunitiesand challengers in deployment o SMR technologies in the futures.

New Assumptions in MESSAGE for the basic Scenario (S2) to assess the long term

perspective for SMR deployment in Romania vs. Wind Farm and Solar PV

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NUCLEAR POWER SECTOR for optimistic assumption of SMR project development:• 4 CANDU units – national energy strategy in force 2013-2020 (the existing ones and thosein construction + their life extension)

• SMR – Follow the grid after 2030, to compensate Wind Farms production variability, max24 units of 60 MWe

• SMR-CHP (Combine Heat and Power for electrical and district heat demand) after 2030,max 24 units of 60 MWe

CLASIC POWER & DISTRICT HEAT SECTOR – optimistic assumption• THERMO (existing/ coal, lignite, gas; new/ lignite, gas, including thermal district-distribution & storage) – according to national energy strategy in force for CO2 emissions

• Wind Farms & Solar PV maximal national capacities development after 2040 – if needed• HYDRO existing and new HYDRO until maximal national resources – if neededRECOVERING ENERGY• For electricity - Hydro Pumping-Storage (Tarnita project – if needed)• For heat – District Heat Distribution System & Hot Water Boiler (existing withrehabilitation investments – if needed)

OTHER NON-PROVEN TECHNOLOGIES in the first year of modelling period:• These are in development status and the industrial use will be very costly includingALFRED LFR project and THERMO CO2 capture technologies.

National Electricity Contributors in NEMix in 27 Jun 2019 vs. 27 Jun 2018

Production, Consumption and Export (Sold)

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Eolian

Production

Nuclear

Production

National Electricity Contributors in NEMix in 2-3 September 2019 Production,

Consumption and Export (Sold)

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Eolian

Production

Nuclear

Production

3 SMR - scenarios are defined in MESSAGE for the comparative assessment

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BASE NUCLEAR SCENARIO:• 4 CANDU units – national energy strategy in force 2013-2020 (the existing ones andthose in construction + their life extension) – NO SMR contribution in NEMix until 2070

HIGH NUCLEAR SCENARIO:• 4 CANDU units – national energy strategy in force 2013-2020 (the existing ones andthose in construction + their life extension)

• SMR – Follow the grid after 2030, to compensate Wind Farms production variability,max 24 units of 60 MWe


LOW NUCLEAR SCENARIO:• 4 CANDU units – national energy strategy in force 2013-2020 (the existing ones andthose in construction + their life extension)


MESSAGE period of modelling 2010-2050 using the high demand (De3 & Dh3) curves forelectricity and heat to simulate the medium national energy consumption evolution until 2070

CO2 emissions limited to Romanian national engagements in EU targets until 2050.

Preliminary Results for Electricity Production and CO2 Emissions

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BASE NUCLEAR SCENARIO HIGH SMR SCENARIO LOW SMR SCENARIO

Preliminary Results for Heat Production

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BASE NUCLEAR SCENARIO HIGH NUCLEAR SCENARIOLOW NUCLEAR SCENARIO

LOW

BASE &

HIGH

Preliminary Results for Recovery Energy System

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BASE NUCLEAR SCENARIO HIGH NUCLEAR SCENARIO LOW NUCLEAR SCENARIO

annual

2011-2050

LR

2011

LR

2045

LR

2050

Short explanation of the SMR optimal utilization only at maximal capacity factor

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Marco Cometto, Regional Workshop on the “SMR Deployment Scenarios in Global Energy Portfolios”, Pitesti 24-27 June 2019

Preliminary Conclusions for the case study improvement

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1.Based on National Energy Strategy in force in Romania until 2020 theirextension until 2030 and on theirs perspective of development until 2050, andon the national experience in NESA in Romania – INPRO national project inusing MESSAGE IAEA tool, there are developed a preliminary case study onthe long term Romania perspective to deploy SMRs in National Energy Mixuntil 2070.

2.The case study considered a well balanced mix of technologies (classical,renewable, nuclear, and recovering energy systems) to produce bothelectricity and heat in order to satisfy national estimated demand of energyuntil 2070 (the modeling period was reduced until 2050).

3.The results provide the opportunity to use in the future the SMRs in theRomanian NEMix; using SMRs in cogeneration mode provide moreefficiency for balance the variability of Wind Farm production in the system.

4.The study can be improved by using more accurate technical-economic datarelated to SMR technologies and with using more scenarios and indicators ina multi-criteria comparative assessment.

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THANK YOU FOR

YOUR KIND

ATTENTION !


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