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Nuclear Energy in Korea
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and TradeAmbassador for Energy and Resources
KIM Eun-seok
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and TradeAmbassador for Energy and Resources
KIM Eun-seok
PartⅡ. Nuclear Energy in Korea1. Development of Nuclear Energy in Korea2. Nuclear Policy 3. Nuclear Industries in Korea
PartⅡ. Nuclear Energy in Korea1. Development of Nuclear Energy in Korea2. Nuclear Policy 3. Nuclear Industries in Korea
PartⅠ. Nuclear Energy Overview1. Current Status of Nuclear Energy2. Why Nuclear Energy?
PartⅠ. Nuclear Energy Overview1. Current Status of Nuclear Energy2. Why Nuclear Energy?
2
PartⅠ. Nuclear Energy Overview
1
2
N.America
122
L.America
6
Africa
2
Europe
196 Asia
115
In operation: 441Under construction: 58Planned: 148Proposed: 331
WNA Projection: 559 operable
reactors in 2030!
Source: World Nuclear Association (Nov 2010)Source: World Nuclear Association (Nov 2010) 5
441 Units in Operation (30 Countries)441 Units in Operation (30 Countries)
1. Current Status of Nuclear Power
441 Units in Operation (30 Countries)441 Units in Operation (30 Countries)
Units in Operation
Electricity Generation (%)
USA 104 20.2%
France 58 75.2%
Japan 55 28.9%
Russia 32 17.8%
Korea 20 34.8%
UK 19 17.9%
India 19 2.2%
Canada 18 14.8%
Germany 17 26.1%
Ukraine 15 48.6%
China 13 1.9%Source: World Nuclear Association (Nov 2010)Source: World Nuclear Association (Nov 2010) 6
1. Current Status of Nuclear Power
Nuclear Power Plants by Country (2010.11)Nuclear Power Plants by Country (2010.11)
Oil Natural Gas
Coal Uranium
Availability
42 years 60 years 133 years 241 years
Reserves 164.5 Billion Ton
181 Trillion m3
909 Billion Ton
16 Million
Ton
7
2. Why Nuclear Energy?
Uranium: 240 yrsUranium: 240 yrs vsvs Fossil Fuel: 40-130 yrsFossil Fuel: 40-130 yrsUranium: 240 yrsUranium: 240 yrs vsvs Fossil Fuel: 40-130 yrsFossil Fuel: 40-130 yrs
Without NPP …
- Global CO2 emission would be 10% larger than the current level
- In Korea, 24%↑
Without NPP …
- Global CO2 emission would be 10% larger than the current level
- In Korea, 24%↑
GHGs emitted by power generation
Coal Oil Gas NE
CO2 Emission (g/kWh)CO2 Emission (g/kWh)
8
2. Why Nuclear Energy?
Environmentally Friendly: : Less CO2 EmissionEnvironmentally Friendly: : Less CO2 Emission
Nuclear
Coal Hydro Wind Oil LNG Solar
39.4 40.9 93.6 107.3 117.0 128.3 677.4
◊ Production Cost: 3~25 times lower than conventional energy◊ Production Cost: 3~25 times lower than conventional energy
Nuclear
Solar
Wind
◊ Land Site: 5~500 times less
◊ Land Site: 5~500 times less
330,000 m2330,000 m2
33,000,000 m2
33,000,000 m2
165,000,000 m2
165,000,000 m2
Landsite to produce 1 GWh electricityLandsite to produce 1 GWh electricity
※ Unit: KRW/KWH, Source: Korean Electric Power Corporation ※ Unit: KRW/KWH, Source: Korean Electric Power Corporation
9
2. Why Nuclear Energy?
Comparative Advantage: Cost, Land & EfficiencyComparative Advantage: Cost, Land & Efficiency
Uranium: Widely spread vs. Fossil fuel: dependent on ME & Russia
Uranium: Widely spread vs. Fossil fuel: dependent on ME & Russia
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10
2. Why Nuclear Energy?
Energy SecurityEnergy Security
PartⅡ. Nuclear Energy in Korea
1
2
3
The 1st Research Reactor in Korea,
TRIGA Mark II
The 1st president of Korea in the ground breaking ceremony
(1959.7.14)
1958: Nuclear Eng. Dept of Hanyang Univ.1959: Nuclear Eng. Dept of Seoul National Univ.1959: Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
1950-1953 : Korean War
13
Dawning of Nuclear Age in Korea Dawning of Nuclear Age in Korea
1. Development of Nuclear Energy in Korea
Turn Key basis587MWeCommercial operation in 1978Life extension after 30 years operation (2007.12)
1st unit of Nuclear power plant started
its construction
in 1972
14
Kori - the site of the 1st Korean NPP : before (top) and now (bottom).
1. Development of Nuclear Energy in KoreaGenerating Nuclear Electricity in Korea
Generating Nuclear Electricity in Korea
`In operation
20 units (17,716 MW)
`Underconstruction
8 units (9,600 MW)
`
Underplanning
10 units(15,400 MW) Yong-gwang
6 units
Kori8 units
Ulchin8 units
Wolseong6 units
In OperationUnder Construction
Nuclear Power Plants
Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility (Under construction)
Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility (Under construction)
Goal by 2030 (Basic Plan, 2008.8)26% 41% of Capacity36% 59% of Generation
15
1. Development of Nuclear Energy in Korea6th Largest Nuclear Power Capacity in the World6th Largest Nuclear Power Capacity in the World
16
)
16
1. Development of Nuclear Energy in KoreaInstalled Capacity & Electricity GenerationInstalled Capacity & Electricity Generation
17
1. Development of Nuclear Energy in KoreaNPP DevelopmentNPP Development
18
18Source: Nuclear News. World List of Nuclear Power Plants, March 2009
1. Development of Nuclear Energy in KoreaSouth Korean Nuclear Power UnitsSouth Korean Nuclear Power Units
1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s
1st Phase : Gen II2nd Phase : Gen III
3rd Phase : Gen III+
4th Phase : Gen IV
Turn-key base600 MWe
Standardization (KSNP)Optimization (OPR1000)1,000 MWe
Evolutionary PWRs
- APR1400 - SMART(330MWt)
Revolutionary - SFR : U recycle and waste minimization - VHTR : Hydrogen production
LocalizationLocalization
19
1. Development of Nuclear Energy in KoreaKorean Nuclear Reactor SystemsKorean Nuclear Reactor Systems
Promoting Peaceful Uses of Nuclear EnergySecuring Nuclear SafetyEnhancing Nuclear Transparency
Promoting Peaceful Uses of Nuclear EnergySecuring Nuclear SafetyEnhancing Nuclear Transparency
No intention to develop and possess nuclear weaponsAdherence to the principle of nuclear transparency Compliance with the international norms of nuclear nonproliferation Expansion of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy
No intention to develop and possess nuclear weaponsAdherence to the principle of nuclear transparency Compliance with the international norms of nuclear nonproliferation Expansion of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy
Peaceful uses of nuclear energy in all nuclear fieldsPeaceful uses of nuclear energy in all nuclear fieldsPeaceful uses of nuclear energy in all nuclear fieldsPeaceful uses of nuclear energy in all nuclear fields
4 Principles on the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (2004)4 Principles on the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (2004)
Basic DirectionBasic Direction
20
2. Nuclear Policy
National Nuclear PolicyNational Nuclear Policy
President
Prime Minister
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
(KAERI)
Ministry of Knowledge & Economy (MKE)
Atomic Energy Commission
Nuclear Related Government Structure
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
(MOFAT)
Disarmament and Nonproliferation
Division
Ministry of Education, Science & Technology
(MEST)
Atomic Energy Bureau
Energy Team
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
(KINS)
Nuclear Safety Commission
Energy & Resources Policy Office
KEPCO, KHNP
21
2. Nuclear Policy Nuclear Related Government StructureNuclear Related Government Structure
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST)
KINS(Korea Institute of
Nuclear Safety)
Submit Technical
Evaluation Results
Request Technical
Review
Inspection & CorrectionFindings & Improvement
Technical Discussion & Inspection
Apply f
or Per
mit
or
Licen
se
Issu
e Per
mit
or
Licen
se
Nuclear Industries (KHNP, etc)
22
2. Nuclear Policy
Working Mechanism of Safety RegulationWorking Mechanism of Safety Regulation
23
Energy Intensity: 0.341 0.185 Oil Dependence: 43.4% 33%Renewable Energy Use: 2.4% 11%
Actively Joining International Efforts for GHG Reduction
Improving Efficiency
Establishing an Effective Energy Market
with Cost-Based Pricing
Increasing Use of Renewable Energy
Expanding and Promoting Nuclear Power Generation
Firm Foundation for Green Energy Tech Facilitating Carbon Market
Supporting Businesses for GHG CutsGreen Transformation in Major Industries
Elevating Korea’s Green Technologies to the Advanced countries’ Level
23
2. Nuclear Policy
Energy Vision 2030Energy Vision 2030
’07 ’30 ’07
Oil
Coal
LNG
Nuclea
r
New &
renewable
14.9%
27.8%
2.4%
11%
83%
61%43.443.4
25.325.3
13.813.8
33.033.0
’30
15.715.7
12.012.0
2007 : 241millionTOE2007 : 241millionTOE
2030 : 300millionTOE2030 : 300millionTOE
Oil43.4%
Oil43.4%
Coal25.3%Coal
25.3%
Nuclear14.9%
Nuclear14.9%
Renewable & etc
2.5%
Renewable & etc
2.5%
Renewable & etc11.5%
Renewable & etc11.5% Coal
15.7%Coal
15.7%
Oil33.0%
Oil33.0%
Nuclear27.8%
Nuclear27.8%
LNG13.8%LNG
13.8%
LNG 12.0
%
LNG 12.0
%
24
2. Nuclear Policy
Korea’s Energy Mix 2007 → 2030Korea’s Energy Mix 2007 → 2030
Expanding and Promoting Nuclear Power Generation
8 units under construction, 10 more units by 2030
Installed capacity : 24.4% in 2007 →41% by 2030
Electricity generation : 36% in 2007 → 60% by
2030
25
2. Nuclear Policy
Expected Change by 2030Expected Change by 2030
KHNPKHNP
26
3. Nuclear Industries
World’s Best Operation Performance World’s Best Operation Performance
Capacity FactorCapacity FactorCapacity FactorCapacity Factor Unplanned Capability Loss Unplanned Capability Loss FactorFactor
Unplanned Capability Loss Unplanned Capability Loss FactorFactor
Unit Construction Cost Unit Construction Cost ($/kWe)($/kWe)
※ Source: World Nuclear News (World Nuclear Association, 2008)
$2,050$2,050
as of 2008
$2,900$2,800
$3,050 $2,900
APR1400AP1000 ABWR EPR ACR1000VVER1000
$3,582
USA RUS JPN FRA CAN KOR
Overnight EPC CostOvernight EPC CostOvernight EPC CostOvernight EPC Cost
3.03¢3.03¢
4.65¢
6.86¢
3.93¢ 3.71¢3.17¢
※ Source: Projected Costs of Generating Electricity (OECD/NEA, 2005)
APR1400AP1000 ABWR EPR ACR1000VVER1000
USA RUS JPN FRA CAN KORUnit Generation Cost Unit Generation Cost (cents/kWh)(cents/kWh)
27
KHNPKHNP
3. Nuclear Industries Cost Competitiveness of APR1400Cost Competitiveness of APR1400
Design & Engineering
Nuclear FuelMaintenance
& ServicesEquipment
Manufacturing
Nuclear Safety
Brand Power
Leading Role
Financing Capability
Global Experience
Leading Company
Construction
Regulatory BodyRegulatory BodyRegulatory BodyRegulatory Body
Ministry of Education,
Science & Technology
LicensingInspection
Research and Development
3. Nuclear Industries
Korean Nuclear IndustryKorean Nuclear Industry
28
Operation & Management
3030 years of repetitive construction fostered competitive domestic suppliers in the entire nuclear cycle years of repetitive construction fostered competitive domestic suppliers in the entire nuclear cycle
High-fluxAdvancedNeutronApplicationReactOr
Multi-purpose Research Reactor
Feb., 1995
29
3. Nuclear Industries
HANARO Reactor HANARO Reactor
RCP
PZR
ReactorCore
SGC
X XXXX
X
30
Enhanced Reactor Safety by 10~100 times Water and electricity for 100,000 people
Loop Type PWR SMART (330MWt)
• Integrated Primary System PWR (No LBLOCA)
• Physically Inherent Safety Features
• Advanced Man-Machine Interface System
3. Nuclear Industries SMART Characteristics SMART Characteristics