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NUCLEAR LEVEL SENSORSandMEASUREMENT CRYOGENIC

FLUID LEVEL

Prepared by: Orlando Jr. M Abuhon

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OUTLINE:Definition of terms

Nuclear Level Sensors

Continuous Level Measurement

Point Level Measurement

Advantages and Disadvantages

Cryogenic Fluid Level Measurement

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DEFINITION OF TERMSNuclear

- is the use of exothermic nuclear processes to

generate useful heat and electricity.

Fluid

- is a substance that continually deforms (flows)

under an applied shear stress.

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DEFINITION OF TERMSGamma ray

- refers to electromagnetic radiation of high

frequency.

Cryogenic

- is the study of the production of verylow temperature and the behavior of

materials at those temperatures.

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NUCLEAR LEVEL SENSOR

Nuclear Level Sensor uses a Radiation-

based measurement. Radiation-based

measurement is non-contact and unaffectedby process pressure, temperature, or corrosive

properties. In turn, the radiation passed

through the process vessel does not affect themeasured material.

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NUCLEAR LEVEL SENSOR

Continuous Level Measurement

-uses energy attenuation of the beam to

measure level.

Point Level Measurement

-is based on the presence or absence of thebeam.

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Nuclear Continuous LevelMeasurement

Operation:

-uses source of gamma radiation that is passedas a collimated beam through the process

vessel and material toward the detector.

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As the process level

rises, it shields the detector

from the radiation. The

more radiation the detectorreceives, the lower the

process level. The less

radiation detected, the

higher the process level.

Process level is provided in

the form of a current

output.

Nuclear Continuous LevelMeasurement

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Nuclear Point LevelMeasurement

Operation:

-For point level detection, a focused beam ofgamma radiation is directed at a small detector

that senses the presence or absence of the

beam.

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When process

material in the vessel blocks

the gamma radiation, the

detected drop is used toenergize (or de-energize) a

relay.

Nuclear Point LevelMeasurement

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Nuclear Level SensorsAdvantages

Non invasive to vessel

No moving parts

Simple installation and

easy setup

Easy maintenance

More safe for personnel

Disadvantages

Costly

Hazardous*

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CRYOGENIC LEVEL SENSORCryogenic Fluid Level can be measured using

the following:

A. Thermocouples

B. RTDs

C. Silicon diodes

D. Thermistors

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THERMOCOUPLES

A thermocouple is comprised of at least two metalsjoined together to form two junctions. One is

called the measuring junction. The other junction

is the reference junction. Thus the thermocouple

enables measuring the unknown temperature of

the body with reference to the known

temperature of the other body.

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PLATINUM RTD

- Platinum RTDS

are sensors used to

measure temperature

by correlating the

resistance of the RTD

element with

temperature.

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SILICON DIODE

Silicon diodes are the

most common

temperature sensors

used in cryogenic

applications. They

offer good sensitivity

and a wide range ofoperation compared

to other devices.

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THERMISTOR

A thermistor is a type

of resistor whose

resistance varies

significantly with

temperature, more so

than in standard

resistors.

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Thank you!