Nuclear Power Nuclear Power Generation in ChinaGeneration in China
WANG Jie, YU Xiaoli, YANG XiaoyongWANG Jie, YU Xiaoli, YANG Xiaoyong
INET, Tsinghua University, ChinaINET, Tsinghua University, China
Sept. 24, 2010Sept. 24, 2010
ContentsContents
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Current Status Current Status
Conclusions Conclusions
SchematicSchematic forfor NPPNPP
Primary system, Secondary system, (Third system)
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Special FeaturesSpecial Features
nYXnU AZ
AZ
10
22
11
10
23592
Fission Equation:
1. Reactivity2. Decay heat3. Radioactivity
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Reactor DesignReactor Design
1. Reactivity ControlNeutron control
2. Decay heat removalSpecial cooling system
3. Radioactivity preventionEngineered barriers
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Typical Design Typical Design Specifications for PWRSpecifications for PWR
Thermal Power 3800 MW
Electrical Power 1300 MW
Efficiency 34.2%
Fuel Enrichment 3.3 %
Steam Pressure 7.58 MPa
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Safety designSafety design
1.Negative temperature coefficient 2.Decay heat
Removal system 3. Three barriers
• Cooling core at any condition
• Fuel clad• Pressure vessel• Containment building
• Reactivity decreases with increasing temperature
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Nuclear Reactor Three StagesNuclear Reactor Three Stages
Thermal Neutron Reactor
Thermal Neutron Reactor
Fast Neutron Breed
Reactor
Fast Neutron Breed
Reactor
Fusion ReactorFusion
Reactor
The majority of NPPs currently
Better utilization of 238U resource
Reducing radioactive waste
Dream of human beings
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
ContentsContents
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Current Status Current Status
Conclusions Conclusions
Energy ConsumptionEnergy Consumption
Year
The energy consumption of China in 1997~2009 (kilo ton)The energy consumption of China in 1997~2009 (kilo ton)
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Power GenerationPower Generation
The power generation of China in 2001~2009The power generation of China in 2001~2009
0
8000
16000
24000
32000
40000
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
power generation ×10̂ 8Kwh( )
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Since 2004, Chinese government changed the policy of nuclear development from “moderate” to “active” Since 2004, Chinese government changed the policy of nuclear development from “moderate” to “active”
Jan. 2006, Large-scale advanced pressurized water reactor power plant was listed in “Sixteen National Significant S&T Projects” by National Program for Medium to Long- Term Scientific and Technological Development
Jan. 2006, Large-scale advanced pressurized water reactor power plant was listed in “Sixteen National Significant S&T Projects” by National Program for Medium to Long- Term Scientific and Technological Development
Sep 5, 2010, President Hu Jintao in Daya Bay NPP
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
ContentsContents
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Current Status Current Status
Conclusions Conclusions
Current statusCurrent status
Nuclear power reactors in ChinaNuclear power reactors in China
Nuclear reactor technologies in ChinaNuclear reactor technologies in China
Nuclear equipment manufactureNuclear equipment manufacture
Advanced reactorsAdvanced reactors
Fuel cycleFuel cycle
Nuclear power reactorsNuclear power reactors
Nuclear power reactors in mainland China (Updated 15 August 2010)
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Tianwan2
Qingshan6
Daya Bay, lingao4
Haiyang2
Sanyang2
Tanshan2
Tianwan4
Ningde4
Fuqing6
Yangjiang6
Fangchenggang2
Changjiang2
Hongyanhe6
Fangjiashan2
Qinshan II 1
Lingao II 2
In operation
Generation II+ under constructionGeneration III under construction
Units ProvinceNet
capacity (each)
Type OperatorCommercial operation
Daya Bay 1&2 Guangdong 944 MWe PWR CGNPC 1994
Qinshan Phase I Zhejiang 279 MWe PWR CNNC April 1994
Qinshan Phase II, 1-3
Zhejiang 610 MWe PWR CNNC 2002, 2004, (2011)
Qinshan Phase III, 1&2
Zhejiang 665 MWe PHWR CNNC 2002, 2003
Lingao Phase I, 1&2 Guangdong 935 MWe PWR CGNPC 2002, 2003
Tianwan 1&2 Jiangsu 1000 MWe PWR (VVER)
CNNC 2007
Lingao Phase II, 1 Guangdong 1037 MWe PWR CGNPC (Oct 2010)
Total: 13 10,234 Mwe
Operating nuclear reactorsOperating nuclear reactors
Mainland China has 13 nuclear power reactors in operation, 24 under construction, and more about to start construction soon.Mainland China has 13 nuclear power reactors in operation, 24 under construction, and more about to start construction soon.
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Nuclear reactors under construction Nuclear reactors under construction
The number in () represent first concrete was poured
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Generation II+ underconstruction
Plant Number
Gross Under construction
Capacity (104kw)Gross Under
construction
Qinshan Phase II
Lingao II
Hongyanhe
Ningde
Fangjiashan
Fuqing
Yangjiang
Changjiang
Jiangsu Tianwan
Fangchengg
Total
Nuclear reactors under construction (continued)
Nuclear reactors under construction (continued)
The number in () represent first concrete was poured
Plant Number
Gross Under constructio
n
Capacity (104kw)Gross Under
construction
Generation III underconstruction
Sanmen
Haiyang
Taishan
Total
II+and III Total
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Nuclear reactor technologies in ChinaNuclear reactor technologies in China
CNP300: Qinshan phase I, China's first indigenously-designed, Constructed from late 1980, exporting to Pakistan CNP300: Qinshan phase I, China's first indigenously-designed, Constructed from late 1980, exporting to Pakistan
CNP600: Qinshan phase IICNP600: Qinshan phase II
CNP1000: China National Nuclear Corporation, developed from Qinshan CNP-600 unitsCNP1000: China National Nuclear Corporation, developed from Qinshan CNP-600 units
Qinshan phase IIQinshan phase I
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Nuclear reactor technologies in China(Continued)
Nuclear reactor technologies in China(Continued)
CANDU 6: Qinshan Phase III , supplied by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL)CANDU 6: Qinshan Phase III , supplied by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL)
M310: Daya Bay, PWRs imported from France M310: Daya Bay, PWRs imported from France
VVER: Tianwan, Russia's AES-91, Tianwan units 3 & 4 will use the same version of the VVER-1000VVER: Tianwan, Russia's AES-91, Tianwan units 3 & 4 will use the same version of the VVER-1000
Qinshan Phase III
CPR1000: China Guangdong Nuclear Power Cooperation, Lingao, Advanced CPR1000CPR1000: China Guangdong Nuclear Power Cooperation, Lingao, Advanced CPR1000
Daya Bay Tianwan
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Nuclear reactor technologies in China (continued)
Nuclear reactor technologies in China (continued)
SFR: Fast neutron reactors, located in CIAE, achieved its first criticality in Jul 21, 2010SFR: Fast neutron reactors, located in CIAE, achieved its first criticality in Jul 21, 2010
AP1000: Generation III technology, first four Westinghouse AP1000 reactors are being built at Sanmen and HaiyangAP1000: Generation III technology, first four Westinghouse AP1000 reactors are being built at Sanmen and Haiyang
EPR: Generation III technology, two Areva EPR reactors are being built at TaishanEPR: Generation III technology, two Areva EPR reactors are being built at Taishan
CEFR (SFR) HTR-10
HTR: High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor, designed by INET of Tsinghua University, pebble bed fuel, HTR-PM HTR: High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor, designed by INET of Tsinghua University, pebble bed fuel, HTR-PM
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Nuclear reactor technologies in China (Summary)
Nuclear reactor technologies in China (Summary)
Summary:
PWR was the major reactor type, but not the unique reactor type.The reactors under construction are mainly generation II+ and III.
Summary:
PWR was the major reactor type, but not the unique reactor type.The reactors under construction are mainly generation II+ and III.
News: Aug 26, 2010, Lingao Phase II, unit 1 put into operation
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Nuclear equipment manufacture
Three nuclear equipment manufacturing bases gradually formedSupply pressure vessels, steam generators, turbines, regulatorsThree nuclear equipment manufacturing bases gradually formedSupply pressure vessels, steam generators, turbines, regulators
Northeast Northeast
Shanghai Shanghai
SichuanSichuan
Harbin Electric CorporaitonProduct: AP1000 steam turbine, Reactor: Haiyang, Sanmen
Harbin Electric CorporaitonProduct: AP1000 steam turbine, Reactor: Haiyang, Sanmen
Dongfang Electric Corporaiton, Product: Steam generator and turbineReactor: Fuqing, Fangjiashan
Dongfang Electric Corporaiton, Product: Steam generator and turbineReactor: Fuqing, Fangjiashan
Shanghai Electric Corporaiton, Product: Steam generator, pressure vessel, nuclear island componentsReactor:Qinshan II, Lingao II
Shanghai Electric Corporaiton, Product: Steam generator, pressure vessel, nuclear island componentsReactor:Qinshan II, Lingao II
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Advanced reactors---CEFR
CEFR: China Experimental Fast ReactorCEFR: China Experimental Fast Reactor
•A project of National High Technology R&D Program (863 Program)•A project of National High Technology R&D Program (863 Program)
Coolant Thermal power Electric power
Na 65MW 20MW
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Advanced reactors---CEFR(Continued)
Three phases plan of fast reactor in ChinaThree phases plan of fast reactor in China
CEFR: China Experiment Fast ReactorCEFR: China Experiment Fast Reactor
•Jul 21, 2010 , CEFR achieved criticality
•Next step: Connected to the grid before Jun 30, 2011
•Jul 21, 2010 , CEFR achieved criticality
•Next step: Connected to the grid before Jun 30, 2011
CEFR
Experimental
Fast reactor
CEFR
Experimental
Fast reactor
CDFR
Demonstration
Fast Reactor
CDFR
Demonstration
Fast Reactor
CCFR
Commercial Fast Reactor
CCFR
Commercial Fast Reactor
11 22 33
Cooperation with RussiaCooperation with Russia
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Advanced reactors---HTR
HTR: High temperature gas cooled reactorHTR: High temperature gas cooled reactor
HTR-10:
•A project of National High Technology R&D Program (863 Program)
•2000, achieved its first criticality•2002, connected to grid•2003, reached rated power
HTR-10:
•A project of National High Technology R&D Program (863 Program)
•2000, achieved its first criticality•2002, connected to grid•2003, reached rated power
Coolant Helium
Thermal power 10MW
Fuel element Pebble bed
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Advanced reactors---HTR(Continued)
HTR: High temperature gas cooled reactorHTR: High temperature gas cooled reactor
Two projects under development: HTR-10GT, HTR-PMTwo projects under development: HTR-10GT, HTR-PM
HTR-10GTHTR-10GT HTR-PMHTR-PM
Thermal power:500MW
Two reactors drive one turbine
Thermal power:500MW
Two reactors drive one turbine
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Nuclear Fuel CycleStrategy: Closed nuclear fuel cycle systemStrategy: Closed nuclear fuel cycle system
China has primarily established a nuclear fuel cycle system covering uranium exploration, mining and milling, conversion, isotope separation, nuclear fuel element manufacture and spent fuel reprocessing.
China has primarily established a nuclear fuel cycle system covering uranium exploration, mining and milling, conversion, isotope separation, nuclear fuel element manufacture and spent fuel reprocessing.
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Establishing a closed nuclear fuel cycle, is very important to realizesustainable development of nuclear energy and protect environment
Establishing a closed nuclear fuel cycle, is very important to realizesustainable development of nuclear energy and protect environment
Nuclear Fuel Cycle (continued)
Spent fuel reprocessingSpent fuel reprocessing
•In March 2010, hot commissioning of the pilot spent fuel reprocessing plant was started.
•In Feb 2010, Large-scale commercial spent fuel reprocessing factory (LSFRB) project listed in “Sixteen National Significant S&T Projects” was launched officially.
•In March 2010, hot commissioning of the pilot spent fuel reprocessing plant was started.
•In Feb 2010, Large-scale commercial spent fuel reprocessing factory (LSFRB) project listed in “Sixteen National Significant S&T Projects” was launched officially.
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
ContentsContents
Government Policy Government Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Current Status Current Status
Conclusions Conclusions
Future Plan
Nuclear power capacity are officially estimated to be 80 GWe by 2020, 200 GWe by 2030 and 400 GWe by 2050.
Nuclear power capacity are officially estimated to be 80 GWe by 2020, 200 GWe by 2030 and 400 GWe by 2050.
9
80
200
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400
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2009 2020 2030 2050 yearinst
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capaci
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GW
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inst
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capaci
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GW
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Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
ContentsContents
Government Policy Government Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan
Current Status Current Status
ConclusionsConclusions
ConclusionsConclusions
China is actively promoting nuclear power, to China is actively promoting nuclear power, to meet the requirements of energy consumption, meet the requirements of energy consumption, low carbon emission for sustainable development.low carbon emission for sustainable development.
PWRs will be the majority of reactor type in China, PWRs will be the majority of reactor type in China, including Generation II+ and III.including Generation II+ and III.
Three nuclear equipment manufacture bases are Three nuclear equipment manufacture bases are established, which can supply most components established, which can supply most components of NPPs.of NPPs.
China Experimental Fast Reactor achieved its first China Experimental Fast Reactor achieved its first criticality. The establishment of the closed criticality. The establishment of the closed nuclear fuel cycle system is now in progress.nuclear fuel cycle system is now in progress.
Government’s Policy Government’s Policy
Nuclear Reactor TechnologyNuclear Reactor Technology
Future PlanFuture Plan Future PlanFuture Plan
Current StatusCurrent Status Current StatusCurrent Status
ConclusionsConclusions ConclusionsConclusions
ReferencesReferences China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC),
http://www.cnnc.com.cnhttp://www.cnnc.com.cn China Guangdong Nuclear Power Holding China Guangdong Nuclear Power Holding
Corporation (CGNPC), Corporation (CGNPC), http://www.cgnpc.com.cnhttp://www.cgnpc.com.cn
State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation Ltd. (SNPTC), http://www.snptc.com.cnLtd. (SNPTC), http://www.snptc.com.cn
China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), http://www.ciae.ac.cnhttp://www.ciae.ac.cn
World Nuclear Association (WNA), World Nuclear Association (WNA), http://www.world-nuclear.orghttp://www.world-nuclear.org
Thanks for your attention.Thanks for your attention.