Nuclear Science & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade
Michael Ramsey-Musolf, INPC 2007
Fifty years of PV in nuclear physics
Nuclear physics studies of s & fundamental symmetries played an essential role in developing & confirming the Standard Model
Our role has been broadly recognized within and beyond NP
Solar s & the neutrino revolution
The next decade presents NP with a unique opportunity to build on this legacy in developing the “new Standard Model”
The value of our contribution will be broadly recognized outside the field
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Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History
Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken)
Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?
Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History
Standard Model puzzles Standard Model successes
to explain the microphysics of the present universe
It utilizes a simple and elegant symmetry principle
SU(3)c x SU(2)L x U(1)Y
• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) & light element abundances
• Weak interactions in stars & solar burning
• Supernovae & neutron stars
Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History
Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken)
Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?
Puzzles the Standard Model can’t solve
1. Origin of matter2. Unification & gravity
3. Weak scale stability4. Neutrinos
What are the symmetries (forces) of the early universe beyond those of the SM?
• Supersymmetry ?• New gauge interactions?• Extra dimensions ?
Opportunity: Unique role for low energy studies in the LHC era
Two frontiers in the search for new physics
Collider experiments (pp, e+e-, etc) at higher energies (E >> MZ)
High energy physics
Particle, nuclear & atomic physics
CERN
Ultra cold neutronsLarge Hadron Collider
Indirect searches at lower energies (E < MZ) but high precision
(and beyond!)
Primary Scientific Questions
• What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? decay, 13, decay,…
• Why is there more matter than antimatter in the present universe? EDM, DM, LFV, , 13 …
• What are the unseen forces that disappeared from view as the universe cooled? Weak decays, PVES, g-2,…
Tribble report
• Major Discovery Potential:
-decay & EDM• Precision measurements
Neutrino mixing & hierarchy
Weak decays, PVES, g-2• Electroweak probes of QCD
PVES, Hadronic PV, N scatt…
Specific Opportunities
The Origin of Matter & Energy
Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken)
Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?
Cosmic Energy Budget
?
Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos?
Nuclear Science mission: explain the origin, evolution, & structure of the baryonic component
Leptogenesis: discover the ingredients: LN- & CP-violation in neutrinos
Weak scale baryogenesis: test experimentally: EDMs
Baryogenesis: Ingredients
Sakharov Criteria
• B violation
• C & CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics
Sakharov, 1967
Present universe Early universe
Weak scale Planck scale
log10(μ / μ0)
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αS−1
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αY−1
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Leptogenesis
Present universe
Planck scale
log10(μ / μ0)
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αY−1
Leptogenesis
Early universe
Weak scale
Key Ingredients
• Heavy R
• m spectrum
• CP violation
• L violation
Out of equilibrium decays
Particle-Antiparticle asym
L violation B violation
0 -decay,,
-decay, 13 ,…
-Decay: LNV? Mass Term?
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12 3 4 5 6 7
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sol = 7 meV
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atm = 2 meV
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Degenerate
Dirac Majorana
-decayLong baseline
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Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism
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( )Mass meV
12 3 4 5 6 7
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1 ( )Minimum Neutrino Mass meV
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sol = 7 meV
2
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atm = 2 meV
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Normal
Degenerate signal equivalent to degenerate hierarchy
Loop contribution to m of inverted hierarchy scale
Impt to know if RPV interactions exist and, if so, what magnitude
111/ ~ 0.06 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV
Lepton Flavor & Number Violation
Present universe Early universe
Weak scale Planck scale
log10(μ / μ0)
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Mu2e: B!e ~ 5 x 10-17
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R = B!e
B!eγ
Also PRIME
Lepton Flavor & Number Violation
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MEG: B!eγ ~ 5 x 10-14
Mu2e: B!e ~ 5 x 10-17
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Low scale LFV: R ~ O(1) GUT scale LFV: R ~ Oα
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Heavy particle exchange ?
Raidal, Santamaria; Cirigliano, Kurylov, R-M, Vogel
k11/ ~ 0.09 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV
!eγ LFV Probes of RPV:
k11/ ~ 0.008 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV
!e LFV Probes of RPV:
Baryogenesis: New Electroweak Physics
Weak Scale Baryogenesis
• B violation
• C & CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics
Sakharov, 1967
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ϕ new
?
φ(x)
Unbroken phase
Broken phaseCP Violation
Topological transitions
1st order phase transition
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γ
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e -?
ψnew• Is it viable?• Can experiment constrain it?• How reliably can we compute it?
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ϕ new
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ϕ new
90’s: Cohen, Kaplan, Nelson Joyce, Prokopec, Turok
EDM Probes of New CP Violation
f dSM dexp dfuture
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CKM
If new EWK CP violation is responsible for abundance of matter, will these experiments see an EDM?
Also 225Ra, 129Xe, d
SNS, ILL, PSI
Yale, Indiana, Amherst
BNL
ANL, Princeton, TRIUMF, KVI…
EDMs: New CPV?
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Improvements of 102 to 103
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Baryogenesis: EDMs & Colliders
Prospective dePresent dePresent de Prospective de
LHC reach
Present de Prospective de
LHC reach
LEP II excl
dn similar
Theory progress & challenge: refined computations of baryon asymmetry & EDMs
ILC reach
baryogenesis
Precision Probes of New Symmetries
Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken)
Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?
New Symmetries
1. Origin of Matter2. Unification & gravity
3. Weak scale stability4. Neutrinos
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Precision Neutrino Property Studies
Mixing, hierarchy, & CPV
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Daya BayT2KDouble Chooz
Mini Boone
Long baseline oscillation studies:
CPV?
Normal or Inverted ?
Precision Neutrino Property Studies
Solar Neutrinos
KamLAND Borexino CLEAN LENS
Ice Cube
High energy solar s
DM + EWB
EM vs. luminosity: MNSP unitarity? Solar model?
Neutrino Mass & Magnetic Moments
How large is ?
Experiment: < (10-10 - 10-12) B
e scattering, astro limits
Radiatively-induced m
< 10-14 B Dirac
e < 10-9-10-12 B Majorana
Bell, Cirigliano, Gorshteyn,R-M, Vogel, Wang, Wise Davidson, Gorbahn, Santamaria
Both operators chiral odd
Weak decays & new physics
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SNS, NIST, LANSCE, RIA?
Vud from neutron decay: ILL, LANSCE, SNS, NIST
Similarly unique probes of new physics in muon and pion decay
SUSY models
CKM, (g-2) MW, MtM˜ μ L >M˜ q L
TRIUMF & PSI
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Model Dependent Analysis
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Weak Mixing in the Standard Model
Scale-dependence of Weak Mixing
JLab Future
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SM Loops
Future goal
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~ 3.4 !
Uncovering the New Standard Model
What is the New Standard Model ?
Neutrino Mass ? Mixing ? Sterile ’s ?
Weak Scale CP- Violation ?
Lepton Number Violation ?
New Forces?
Baryon asymmetry?
Baryon asymmetry?
Supersymmetry ? Extra Dimensions ?
Cuore Majorana Moon GERDA…
EDM: nEDM atomic dEDM
Precision: Muon g-2 PVES decay
Neutrinos: decay Reactor ’s mag mom
Critical role for the international NP community !
Precision Probes of Symmetries
• Precision measurements predicted a range for mt
before top quark discovery
• mt >> mb !
• mt is consistent with that range
• It didn’t have to be that way
Radiative corrections
Direct Measurements
Stunning SM Success
J. Ellison, UCI
Probing Fundamental Symmetries beyond the SM:
Use precision low-energy measurements to probe virtual effects of new symmetries & compare with collider results
Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History
Standard Model puzzles Standard Model successesHow is electroweak symmetry broken? How do elementary particles get mass ?
Puzzles the St’d Model may or may not solve:
SU(3)c x SU(2)L x U(1)Y
Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?
U(1)EM
• Non-zero vacuum expectation value of neutral Higgs breaks electroweak sym and gives mass:
• Where is the Higgs particle?
• Is there more than one?
Related Scientific Questions
• What is the internal landscape of the proton? PVES, hadronic PV, scattering,…
• What causes stars to explode? Large scale supernova simulations, flavor transformation…
• What is the origin of the heavy elements from iron to uranium? Weak interactions and interactions in heavy nuclei,…
Tribble report
Parity-Violating NN Interaction
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Long range: π-exchange?
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•Model Independent (7 LECs)
•Few-body systems (SNS, NIST…)
•QCD: weak qq interactions in strong int environment
•Weak Int in nuclei (0 decay)
Hadronic PV: Few-Body Systems
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mN λ pp = −1.22 AL (r p p)
mN ρ t = − 9.35 AL (r n p → dγ)
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r p α ) + 37 Aγ (
r n p → dγ ) − 2 Pγ (
r n p → dγ)
mN λ t = 0.4 AL (r p p) − 0.7 AL (
r p α ) + 7 Aγ (
r n p → dγ ) + Pγ (
r n p → dγ)
mN λ nn = 1.6 AL (r p p) − 0.7 AL (
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Pionless theory
Done
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LANSCE, SNS
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Ab initio few-body calcs
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New few-body calcs needed
Pionless th’y: 5 exp’ts Dynamical pions: 7 exp’ts
Neutrino Mass & Magnetic Moments
Majorana vs Dirac ?
Dirac:
Majorana:
Flavor Sym
Flavor Antisym
Effective theory for E <
Neutrino Mass & Magnetic Moments
Majorana vs Dirac ?
Dirac:
Majorana:
7D mixing
Anom Dim
5D matching Antisym in Yukawas
Naturalness bounds on CW,B
Pion leptonic decay & SUSY
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SM strong interaction effects: parameterized by Fπ Hard to compute
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To probe effects of new physics in ΔNEW we need to contend with QCD
Pion leptonic decay & SUSY
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Marciano & Sirlin
Probing Slepton Universality
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Min (GeV)
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Can we do better on ?
Out of equilibrium decays
L violation B violation
ANL, Princeton, TRIUMF, KVI…
Critical role for the international NP community !
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