Nucleotide

Monomer of nucleic acid – made up of a sugar, a base, and a

phosphate group

Base Pairing

Bonds form between guanine and cytosine

and Adenine and Thymine

Transformation

Process by which one bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from

another strain of bacteria

Deoxyribose

•Sugar in DNA

Double Helix

•Shape of DNA

Chromatin

•DNA wrapped with proteins

Replication

•Process when DNA makes a copy of itself

DNA Polymerase

•Enzyme that makes the new strand of DNA

Helicase

•Enzyme that unwinds DNA

Chromosome

Structure that carries the genetic material – thread

like

Complementary

This is what the new strand of DNA

is called

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

VOCAB QUIZ #2 Words

Messenger

RNA

Molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of

amino acids

Transfer RNA

Molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis

transcription

Process by which a strand of mRNA is copied from a

section of DNA enough information to code for 1

protein

Translation

Process by which a polypeptide is made from the instruction

on a mRNA molecule

Codon

3 nucleotide sequence on

mRNA that codes for an amino acid

Anti-codon

Group of 3 bases on a tRNA molecule that

are complementary to a 3 nucleotide

sequence on mRNA

Genetic code

Language of mRNA instructions on how to

make a protein

Amino acid

Molecule made up of a carboxyl group, amino group, and an R group. Many of them together

make a protein.

Protein

Sequence of amino acids –

long chain

Polypeptide

Sequence of amino acids –

long chain

Mutation

Any change in a DNA sequence that affects the

genetic info

DNA

Double stranded contains all of the

genetic code

RNA

Single stranded – contains info to code 1 protein