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Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

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Computer Science Class XI ( As per CBSE Board) Chapter 4 Number System & Encoding Schemes New syllabus 2020-21 Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates
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Page 1: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Computer ScienceClass XI ( As per CBSE Board)

Chapter 4Number System

&

Encoding Schemes

New syllabus 2020-21

Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates

Page 2: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Number System

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In general term computer represent information in different types ofdata forms i.e. number , character ,picture ,audio , video etc.Computers are made of a series of switches/ gates. Each switch hastwo states: ON(1) or OFF(0).That's why computer works on the basisof binary number system(0/1).But for different purpose differentnumber systems are used in computer world to representinformation. E.g. Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal.

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Decimal Number System

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Characteristics

Positional

(Most) people use the decimal number system Why? THIS A POSITIONAL NUMBER SYSTEM .and that's of great advantage..simple shifting the position of decimal.It become complex eithercase to use number system <10 or >10.

Page 4: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Binary Number System

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Characteristics

Positional

Most (digital) computers use the binary number system Why?

Computers are made of a series of switches/ gates. Each switch has two states: ON(1) or OFF(0).That's why computer works on the basis of binary number system(0/1).

Page 5: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Decimal-Binary Equivalence

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Page 6: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Binary – Decimal Conversion

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Using positional notation

Page 7: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Decimal-Binary Conversion

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Using the Division Method: Divide decimal number by 2 until you reach zero, and then collect the remainders in reverse.

Page 8: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Hexadecimal Number System

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Characteristics

Positional

Computer programmers often use the hexadecimal number system,Why?Computers only work on the binary number system. The hexadecimal number system is commonly used to describe locations in computer memory. They are also used in assembly language instructions.

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Decimal-Hexadecimal Equivalence

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Page 10: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Hexadecimal to decimal

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Decimal to hexadecimal

Read from bottomto top: 2516

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Binary - hexadecimal

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Page 12: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Binary to hexadecimal

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Convert 1101001102 to hexStarting at the right end, split into groups of 4:

(pad empty digits with 0)

Page 13: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Hexadecimal to Binary

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Convert 3D916 to binaryConvert each hex digit to 4 bits:

(can remove

leading zeros)

Page 14: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Octal Number System

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Characteristics

Positional•

Computer programmers often use the octal number system,Why?

Octal and hex use the human advantage that they can work withlots of symbols while it is still easily convertible back and forthbetween binary.

Page 15: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Decimal-Octal Equivalence

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Page 16: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Octal to decimal

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positional powers of 8:

decimal positional value:

Octal number:

Page 17: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Decimal to octal

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Using the Division Method:

Example 1:

Page 18: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Binary-Octal Conversion

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E.g.

Octal to binary

Page 19: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Binary addition

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Start at right column Proceed leftward Carry 1 when necessary

Page 20: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Encoding Schemes/String representation

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String is any finite sequence of characters.Any stringincludes etters, numerals, symbols and punctuation marks.

Computers are designed to work internally with numbers.In order to handle characters, we need to choose a numberfor each character. There are many ways to do this ,whichare knows as encoding schemes.

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Encoding schemes

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Following are some Encoding schemes• ASCII• UNICODE• ISCII

Page 22: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

Encoding Scheme

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ASCIIIt is most common coding system (Pronounced ass-key).ASCII = American National Standard Code for InformationInterchangeIt is Defined in ANSI document X3.4-1977. It is a 7-bit code.Its 8thbit is unused (or used for a parity bit)

Two general types of codes:

95 are “Graphic” codes (displayable on a console)33 are “Control” codes (control features of the console or communications channel)

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ASCII

Encoding Scheme

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ASCII CHART

LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT

Encoding Scheme

Page 25: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

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ASCII

LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT

“Hello, world” Example

Encoding Scheme

Page 26: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

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UNICODEIt is a worldwide character-encoding standard .Itsmain objective is to enable a single, uniquecharacter set that is capable of supporting allcharacters from all scripts, as well as symbols,that are commonly utilized for computerprocessing throughout the world.

Encoding Scheme

Page 27: Number System Encoding Schemes - mykvs.in

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ISCIIISCII stands for Indian Script Code for InformationInterchange for Indian languages. It is an 8-bits code torepresent Indian scripts.The Department of Electronics (DOE) has establishedstandard and standard are in action from 1983.These codes are used for 10 Indian scripts- Devanagri,Punjabi, Gujrati, Udia, Bengali, Asami, Telgu, Kannad,Malayalam and Tamil. C-DAC (established in August-September, 1988) developed standard for font coding in1990 is called ISFOC (Indian Standards for Font Coding).

LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT

Encoding Scheme


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