Numbers - pearsoncmg.comptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/images/9781587051814/index/1587051818...Numbers 4+1...

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N

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Numbers

4+1 redundancy schemes, 913, 9208+1 (7+1) redundancy schemes, 913, 919–920911 calls, 381–383, 694

A

a (CODEC compression algorithm), 243AAA functions (RADIUS), 788Accept parameter (SIP), 494Accounting function (RADIUS), 788

Accounting-Request messages, 789Accounting-Response messages, 789

ACM (Acknowledgement Messages), ISUP, 355acoustic echos, 558active call monitoring, 610active resources, 625activity count field (COPS protocol), 631adaptation layer protocols

M3UA, 356, 392SUA, 356, 392

add line command, 454addapsln command, 926addbearertrace command, 605addbearertraceendpt command, 605addbearertracesrvprof command, 605addcon command, 452addconip command, 459addendpt command, 458addfaxprof command, 604addipsecikepeer command, 858addipsecikeprop command, 858addipsecikeproxfassoc command, 858addipsecikexform command, 858addipsecnwif command, 859addipsecprop command, 857addipsecprxfassoc command, 858addipsecxform command, 857addmgcip command, 460addttyprof command, 603addvbdprof command, 603addxgcpprof command, 463

admission control

load balancing, 930–933troubleshooting, 932

admission control (DQoS)

debugging DQoS to find information on, 712policies, 693

admitted resources, 625AF (Access Function)

AF-DF communication

communicating information to CMSS, 814communicating information to CMTS,

811–812communicating information to MG, 813overview of, 809–811

call details, 807

AH (Authentication Header), 843alarms (BTS), 329allocation state (gates), 623Allow parameter (SIP), 494AM (application manager), 735AMID (Application Manager Identifiers), 746analog lines, 207analog modem transport, 561–562ANC (Announcement Controllers), 40ANM (Answer Messages), ISUP, 355announcement servers, access points as

endpoints, 207anonymizers, 510ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

specifications, 10, 954–956anti-reply (IPsec), 843APP (application-specific functions), RTCP, 589,

592–593application servers, 357, 734

ASP, 357, 392ITP configuration, 393–394

AP-REQ trace, 169architectures, 483AS.

See

application serversASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One), 815ASP (Application Server Processes), 357, 392ATM ports, 450ATM VC redundancy (MG), 926AUCX (Audit Connection) command (MGCP),

215

1022

audio CODEC

bandwidth constraints, 579bit rates, 549BV16, 546, 573delays, 551

backbone, 554–555backbone-to-listener, 555–556end-to-end, 552speaker-to-backbone, 552–554

DTMF digit transport, 559–560echo, 556–558G.711, 541–543, 573

RTP packet size, 578RTP packet traces, 576

G.728, 543–544, 573


G.729E, 545, 573


iLBC, 546, 573narrowband voice, 540negotiation, 547–548quantization, 540sampling process, 540troubleshooting voice paths, 559VBD transport, 560

analog modem transport, 561–562facsimile transport, 562–563teletype technology transport, 564

voice quality, 549

ITU E-model, 551MOS (Mean Opinion Score) ratings, 549PAMS, 550PESQ, 551PSQM, 550R-factors, 551

wideband, 546

Audio Server Protocol (PKT-SP-ASP) specifications (PacketCable 1.5), 20

auditing media gateways, 330AUEP (Audit Endpoint) command (MGCP), 214authentication

Authentication function (RADIUS), 788HMAC, 844IPsec, 843Kerberos, 80MTA requirements, 30

Authentication function (RADIUS), 788authorization block parameters, 643Authorization function (RADIUS), 788authorization state (gates), 623authorized resource envelopes, 625automatic/manual switchovers (router

processors), 912

B

BAC (Broadband Access Centers), 49

CMTS configurations, 82CNR, 52configuration file utility, 195configuring, 846–847DPE, 51–52KDC, 52RDU, 50–51templates, 191–195

backbone delays (audio CODEC), 554–555backbone QoS, 875, 878

DOCSIS QoS, tying to, 695–696DSCP codepoints, 879

packets originating from CMS, 881–883packets originating from CMTS, 879–880packets originating from MG, 883–884

MPLS, 885–886policy configuration, 884

backbone-to-listener delays (audio CODEC), 555–556

bandwidth

CMTS, allocating upstream bandwidth, 34failures, 1017

Basic method (MTA provisioning), 161-163batch processing, 789Battery Backup MIBs (CL-SP-MIB-BB)

specifications (PacketCable 1.5), 19BCID (Billing Correlation Identifiers), 789BE (Best Effort) services

DOCSIS, 738–741service flow parameters, 739

bearer channel information thefts (security threats), 842

bearer stream security, 638bearer tracing, 605

audio CODEC

1023

bearertracestart command, 605bearertracestop command, 605BERT (bit error rate testing), 604, 610billing files

BTS 10200, displaying in, 334–336event messaging, 803

bit rates, 549BLA (Blocking Acknowledge) messages, 355BLO (Blocking) messages, 355BML (Business Management Layers), 48BOOTP

chaddr field, 65ciaddr field, 64flags field, 64giaddr field, 65siaddr field, 64yiaddr field, 64

BPI+ (Baseline Privacy Initialization Plus), 136-138, 840–841

BPKM-Request Authorization Request, 136BTS

DNS, 908DQoS, 719–724high availability architectures, 907–909

BTS 10200 CMS (Call Management Server), 597

bulk configuration configuration, 286CALEA servers, 53event messaging configurations

billing file recovery, 803enabling EM sending, 802Media Alive message configuration, 803retrieving EM measurements, 803RKS definitions, 800–801subscriber billing type configuration, 803variable modification, 801–802

media gateway profile parameters, 597NCS configuration, 284

assigning associate subscribers to features, 327

assigning associate subscribers to services, 327

basic/core configuration tasks, 287–295call feature configuration tasks, 323–327configuring call agent variables, 290–294configuring MTA, 313–315configuring MTA characteristics, 302–313

configuring MTA-connected CMTS, 301–302

configuring NCS endpoints, 315–316configuring PacketCable subscriber

characteristics, 320–321configuring subscriber characteristics,

319configuring subscriber QoS parameters,

316–319defining call agent characteristics,

287–289defining call agents, 289–290defining destination tables, 299defining dial plan characteristics,

299–300defining dial plans, 300defining digit maps, 298defining exchange codes, 298defining feature servers, 323–324defining features, 324–325defining national destination codes, 297defining office codes, 298defining POP, 295defining services, 326defining vertical service codes, 325–326dial plan configuration tasks, 295–300entering MTA into service, 322–323entering NCS endpoints into service,

322–323MTA configuration tasks, 300–316subscriber configuration tasks, 316–321

OFFNET call routing dial plan configurations

carrier definitions, 438destination definitions, 438–439dial plan entry definitions, 439–440policy-based routing route guide

definitions, 437–438trunk group route definitions, 436–437

quality of service parameters, 597–598RKS, 53security configurations, 847

COPS signaling security, 852–854NCS signaling security, 847–852RADIUS signaling security, 852–854RTP/RTCP security, 855–856TGCP signaling security, 852–854

BTS 10200 CMS (Call Management Server)

1024

SIP CMSS signaling

destinations, defining, 523–524dial plans, defining, 524trunk group fields, table of, 521–522trunk group profile fields, table of,

518–520trunk group routes, defining, 523trunk groups, running, 522

SG configuration

call control route definitions, 410destination point code definitions,

404–405enabling SCTP associations, 411ISUP network variant definitions, 409ISUP routing key definitions, 410SCTP association definitions, 406–409SCTP parameter definitions, 405SG definitions, 402SG group definitions, 403SG process definitions, 403–404switch origination point code definitions,

404

TCAP configurations, 411

enabling SCTP associations, 415enabling subsystems/subsystem groups,

415modifying call agent configurations, 414SCCP network definitions, 412SLHR characteristic definitions, 414SLHR definitions, 414subsystem characteristic definitions, 412subsystem definitions, 412–413TCAP/SCCP route definitions, 413TCAP/SCCP routing key definitions, 413

TGCP configurations, 415

enabling endpoints, 435–436enabling MG, 434enabling trunk groups, 435endpoint configurations, 425–426MG characteristic configurations,

416–424MG configurations, 424trunk configurations, 433–434trunk group characteristic configurations,

428–431trunk group configurations, 431–433trunk group QoS parameter

configurations, 426-428trunk group route definitions, 436–437

troubleshooting, 327, 467–472

accessing log files, 329–330collecting traffic statistics, 332–334dial/ring tones, 337–338displaying billing records, 334–336displaying EMS database transaction

queue, 330displaying events/alarms, 329displaying running processes, 328–329DNS, 337missing DQoS information, 338–339out of service MTA, 336–337parameter negotiations, 339post dial delays, 339ring back tones, 338running diagnostics, 330–331SDP, 339unestablished DQoS, 338–339validating call routing, 331–332voice paths/one way voice, 338

trunking MG configurations, 440–443

PXM configurations, 443–444RPM configurations, 445–449VXSM/VISM configurations, 449–463

BTS 10200 Softswitches, 40-42burst size limitations (load balancing), 935bursts (RTCP-XR), 595busy hour utilization (capacity planning/traffic

engineering), 900–901BV16 (BroadVoice 16), 546BV16 CODEC

bandwidth constraints, 579RTP, 573

BYE (end of participation indicator), 589, 593

C

cable gateways, 32cable intercept feature (CMTS), 964cable linecards, 898cable modems.

See

CM (cable modems)cable monitor feature (CMTS)

configuring, 966diagram of, 964disabling packets, 966DOCSIS packets, decoding, 964–966multiple instances, defining, 966

BTS 10200 CMS (Call Management Server)

1025

CableLabs, 7CALEA (Communications Assistance for Law

Enforcement Act), 805

cnfcalea command, 831cnfxgcpcalea command, 831dspxgcpcaleacalls command, 831servers, 53

call agents, 39

AM as, 735ANC, 40BTS 10200 CMS configuration, 414BTS 10200 Softswitches, 40-42CMS, 39connections, creating/deleting, 208gateways, 206GC, 39MGC, 39MGCP, 210–211, 230NCS configurations in BTS 10200

defining characteristics in, 287–289defining in, 289–290variables configuration, 290–294

Call Answer messages (event messaging), 790Call Content Connection Identifier (es-cci)

parameter, 813Call Content Destinaton (es-ccd) parameter, 813Call Content wiretaps, 54call control routes, defining, 410Call Detail wiretaps, 53call details, 807Call Disconnect messages (event messaging), 790call features, defining, 323–325call flows, 985

call forwarding, 1005call waiting, 999–1001, 1004DQoS, 665

basic ONNET calls, 666–688VAD, 689–693

event messaging, 792–799feature calls, NCS role in, 261–284lawful intercept examples

suspect with call content tap originates call, 823–825

suspect with call content tap receives call, 826–828

suspect with call data tap originates call, 819–821

suspect with call data tap receives call, 821–822

NCS role in

feature calls, 261–284ONNET calls, 248–261

no bandwidth calls, 1017OFFNET-to-ONNET calls, 991ONNET calls, 248–261ONNET-to-OFFNET calls, 988, 991ONNET-to-ONNET calls, 985–986ONNET-to-SIP/CMSS calls, 994–996PSTN, 369

Emergency 911, 381–383OFFNET-to-ONNET, 376–380ONNET-to-OFFNET, 369–376

schematics, generating via Ethereal packet sniffer (CMTS), 972–974

SIP, 495–505SIP CMSS, 513–517SIP/CMSS-to-ONNET calls, 997three-way calling, 1009

call forwarding, 1005call histories, 699call ID parameter (CRCX command), 222Call Management Server provisioning (PKT-SP-

CMSPROV) specifications (PacketCable 1.5), 20

call routing, validating, 331–332call signaling

characterizing traffic (QoS), 866–869in-band communication, 347MGCP, 218–219NCS, 239, 247–248

BTS 10200 configuration, 284, 287–327CODEC LCO parameters, 243command header formats, 240DQoS LCO parameters, 244–246endpoint naming conventions, 240–241feature calls, 261–284ONNET calls, 248–261package events/signals, 241–242packetization period parameter (p), 243SDP attributes, 247security LCO parameters, 246

out-of-band signaling, 347–348

call signaling

1026

PSTN

Emergency 911 call flows, 381–383OFFNET-to-ONNET call flows, 376–380ONNET-to-OFFNET call flows, 369–376overview of, 345–347

specifications (PacketCable 1.0), 17SS7

COT, 383–384ISUP layers, 354link types, 350–351MTP layers, 352–353overview of, 348–350point codes, 349routes, 351–352SCCP layers, 353SCP, 348, 351SSP, 348, 351–352STP, 348, 350–351TCAP layers, 353

call waiting, 999–1001, 1004call waiting/caller ID feature call flows, 261–272Call-ID parameter, 493capacity planning, 886

busy hour utilization, 900–901cable linecards, 898call capacities of DOCSIS upstream service

flows, determining, 887–894CMS, 903–904CMTS, 902–903CODEC changes, effects of, 895–896erlang metric, 898–901line usage, 898–901packetization interval changes, effects of,

894–895PHS implementation, effects of, 896–897security implementation, effects of, 897TGCP, 904traffic patterns, 898–901VAD implementation, effects of, 897

carriers, 438CAS (channel-associated signaling)

endpoint configurations, 458overview of, 357–358VXSM/VISM, configuring, 452–453

CBC (Cisco Broadband Configuration)

CLI interface, 185GUI, 182–184

CCC (call content connection), 807, 829CDC (call data connections), 807, 829CDR (call detail records) pairs, 789CELP (Code Excited Linear Predictive), 544centralized architectures, 483

distributed architectures versus, 206intelligence in, 29simple devices in, 29

CF (Collection Function), 807

call flow examples, 819–828capturing call content, 829–830capturing call data, 815–818

CG2P2WB cable gateways, 32CGA (Circuit Group Block Acknowledge)

messages, ISUP, 355CGB (Circuit Group Block) messages, ISUP, 355CGU (Circuit Group Unblock) messages, ISUP,

355CGUA (Circuit Group Unblock Acknowledge)

messages, ISUP, 355chaddr field, 65characterizing call signaling traffic (QoS),

866–869ciaddr field, 64CIC COT, 383–384CLASS (Custom Local Area Signaling Service),

999–1001, 1004Classifier Activation State field (DOCSIS

classifiers), 649Classifier Reference/Classifier Identifier field

(DOCSIS classifiers), 648classifiers

basic ONNET calls, 676DOCSIS, 648–649, 658NCS QoS on DOCSIS networks, 873–875PCMM, 748

clear crypto sa command, 864clear packetcable gate counter commit

multimedia command, 776CLI, 285Client Type 1 (Pull model) multimedia clients,

734Client Type 1 (QoS unaware) multimedia clients,

734Client Type 2 (Push model) multimedia clients,

734Client-Class configurations (DHCP), 85

call signaling

1027

clock rates (payloads), 572CL-SP-MIB-BB (Battery Backup MIBs)

specifications (PacketCable 1.5), 19CM (cable modems), 33, 737

CM2P2B, 31DOCSIS provisioning, 111

BPI+, 136–138configuration information transfers, 131IP connectivity, 120–129ranging, 116–120registration, 131–134scanning/downstream synchronization,

112–113ToD establishment, 130upstream parameters, 114–115

eMTA, 33network connections, 33QoS, CMTS policy configuration, 34

CM2P2B cable modem, 31CMS (Call Management Servers), 39

BTS 10200, 597

accessing log files, 329–330auditing media gateways, 330bulk configuration, 286collecting traffic statistics, 332–334dial/ring tones, 337–338displaying billing records, 334–336displaying EMS database transaction

queue, 330displaying events/alarms, 329displaying running processes, 328–329DNS, 337event messaging configurations, 800–803media gateway profile parameters, 597missing DQoS information, 338–339NCS configuration, 284, 287–327OFFNET call routing dial plan

configuration, 436–440out of service MTA, 336–337parameter negotiations, 339post dial delays, 339quality of service parameters, 597–598ring back tones, 338running diagnostics, 330–331SDP, 339security configurations, 847–856SG configuration, 402–411

TCAP configuration, 411–415TGCP configuration, 415–437troubleshooting, 327–339, 467–472trunking MG configurations, 440–463unestablished DQoS, 338–339validating call routing, 331–332voice paths/one way voice, 338

capacity planning/traffic engineering, 903–904COPS protocol

activity count field, 631electronic surveillance parameters

objects, 633error code objects, 633event generation information objects,

632–633gate identifier objects, 631gate specification field, 631header formats, 626initializing, 627–628keepalive messages, 629reason objects, 633–634session class field, 632subscriber identifier objects, 631transaction identifier objects, 630–631

DQoS, 621

basic ONNET calls, 680–681, 686–688resource authorization, 635–638

MTA communications

call signaling, 29communication loss, 172–173QoS signaling, 29–30

MTA initialization, 167–171MTA-to-CMS call signaling packets (IPsec),

840QoS, DSCP codepoints, 881–883redundancy, 906–908SIP, 840TLS, 840

CMS to CMS Signaling (PKT-SP-CMSS) specifications (PacketCable 1.5), 19

CMSS (Call Management Server Signaling), 483–486

anonymizers, 510architecture, sample of, 485BTS 10200

destinations, defining, 523–524dial plans, defining, 524

CMSS (Call Management Server Signaling)

1028

trunk group fields, table of, 521–522trunk group profile fields, table of,

518–520trunk group routes, defining, 523trunk groups, running, 522

call flows, 513–517device subscriptions, 512DQoS extensions, 509–510INVITE messages, 514–515INVITE method, 512lawful intercept, 814NOTIFY method, 512P-DCS-BILLING-INFO extension, 511P-DCS-LAES extension, 511P-DCS-OSPS extension, 511P-DCS-REDIRECT extension, 511P-DCS-TRACE-PARTY-ID extension, 511privacy extensions, 510REFER method, 512REGISTER method, 513Replaces header, 512RFC, 486–488SUBSCRIBE method, 512tel URI, 512timers, 513troubleshooting, 524–531UPDATE method, 512updating parameters, 512

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System), 34, 736–737

admission control policies, 693baseline privacy, debugging, 138cable intercept feature, 964cable linecards, 898cable monitor feature

configuring, 966decoding DOCSIS packets, 964–966defining multiple instances, 966diagram of, 964disabling packets, 966

call histories, displaying, 699capacity planning/traffic engineering, 902–903CM QoS via policy configuration, 34CMTS, 81COPS protocol

activity count field, 631

electronic surveillance parameters objects, 633

error code objects, 633event generation information objects,

632–633gate identifier objects, 631gate specification field, 631header formats, 626initializing, 627–628keepalive messages, 629reason objects, 633–634session class field, 632subscriber identifier objects, 631transaction identifier objects, 630–631

DQoS, 621

authorization, 659BTS configurations, 719–722BTS, verifying/troubleshooting on,

723–724cable line card information, displaying,

708–709configuring on, 696–698debugging, 709–716displaying active gate information,

701–702displaying service flow information,

702–704DOCSIS SID information in upstream

service flows, 704–706downstream capacity, displaying, 707–708resource authorization, 635–638statistical information on DOCSIS DSX

messages on Downstream Channel, 708testing, 716–718troubleshooting on, 707–718upstream capacity, displaying, 707upstream statistics, displaying, 706verifying on, 698–706

Ethereal packet sniffer

call flow schematics, generating, 972–974configuring port monitoring, 977decoding DOCSIS packets, 967downloading, 963installing, 963MTA provisioning, 968–970OFFNET packet traces, examining, 980

CMSS (Call Management Server Signaling)

1029

PacketCable COPS DQoS packets, examining, 978

PacketCable Event Messaging packets, examining, 980

PacketCable Lawful Intercept packets, examining, 981–982

phone calls, examining, 971–972RPT streams, examining, 975–976

event messaging

configuring on, 804element ID, configuring, 696troubleshooting on, 804

lawful intercept, 811–812MTA communications, 29–30MTA-connected CMTS configurations,

301–302PacketCable operation, enabling on, 696PacketCable settings, verifying, 700PCMM

configuration, 773–774troubleshooting, 774–779verifying, 774–779

provisioning configurations, 81

BAC, 82CNR, 82CNR, DHCP, 83–84, 87–88, 91CNR, DNS, 92–96CNR, DPE, 101–102CNR, KDC, 103–104CNR, RDU, 96–101

QoS, DSCP codepoints, 879–880redundancy

HFC redundancy, 912–914, 917–922processor redundancy, 911–912system redundancy, 909–910WAN redundancy, 922–923

responsibilities of, 34–35RF analyzers, 966–967security configurations, 859–864uBR10012, 37–38uBR7246VXR, 35–37upstream bandwidth, allocating, 34

cnfbearersec command, 859cnfcacparams command, 610cnfcalea command, 831cnfcasendpt command, 458cnfciphersuite command, 859

cnfclksrc command, 927cnfcodecjtrdelay command, 607–608cnfcodecneg command, 607cnfcodecnego command, 599cnfcodecparam(s) command, 599cnfcodecparams command, 607cnfcodectmpl command, 606cnfconprotect command, 926cnfdnssrvr command, 460cnfdspparam command, 602cnfdtmfrxsnoop command, 600cnfdtmftxsnoop command, 600cnfdynamicpayload command, 608cnfecanenable command, 608cnfecanrec command, 608cnfecantail command, 608cnfendptcadence command, 608cnferl command, 608cnfeventmapping command, 602cnffaxjtrdelay command, 607cnffaxprof command, 604cnfgwis command, 473cnfjtrmode command, 607–608cnfln command, 457cnflnis command, 457cnflnoos command, 457cnflnsig command, 457cnflntoneplan command, 608cnflntonetimeout command, 609cnfpath command, 455-457cnfprotocolport command, 462cnfrtccpprepint command, 609cnfrtprxtimer command, 609cnft38fxlco command, 609cnft38nsettimeout command, 609cnft38params command, 609cnftonegen command, 601cnfttyprof command, 603cnfvbdcodec command, 609cnfvbdpol command, 609cnfvbdprof command, 603cnfvifcas command, 458cnfvifec command, 600cnfvifeventmapping command, 604cnfvifparam command, 600cnfvifvad command, 600cnfvoiptimerparam command, 610

cnfvoiptimerparam command

1030

cnfvoiptransparams command, 608cnfxgcp command, 463cnfxgcpcalea command, 831cnfxgcpdtmf command, 599cnfxgcpprofttone command, 601CNR (Cisco Network Registrar), CMTS

configurations, 52, 82

DHCP, 83–84, 87–88, 91DNS, 92–96DPE, 101–102KDC, 103–104RDU, 96–101

CODEC

audio

bandwidth constraints, 579bit rates, 549BV16, 546, 573delays, 551–556DTMF digit transport, 559–560echo, 556–558G.711, 541–543, 573, 576–578G.728, 543–544, 573, 576–578G.729E, 545, 573, 577–579iLBC, 546, 573narrowband voice, 540negotiation, 547–548quantization, 540sampling process, 540troubleshooting voice paths, 559VBD transport, 560–564voice quality, 549–551wideband, 546

capacity planning/traffic engineering, 895–896CELP, 544compression algorithm (a), 243LCO

NCS, 243TGCP, 367

MG

VISM, 606–607VXSM, 598

RSVP flow specifications parameters table, 638vocoders, 543wavefor encoders, 543

collection function (RTCP-XR), 593comfort noise packets, 580

commands (MGCP)

AUCX, 215AUEP, 214concatenating multiple commands, 230CRCX, 221–224DLCX, 226–227endpoint names, 210–211ensuring delivery of, 230header format, 209MDCX, 224–226NTFY, 219–221RQNT, 217–219RSIP, 213–214TIDs, 210verbs, 210

commitment state (gates), 624–625committed resource envelopes, 625–626compound RTCP packets, 590Conference Party Change messages (event

messaging), 790confidentiality (data), IPsec, 843configuring

BAC, 846–847backbone QoS policies, 884event messaging in BTS 10200

billing file recovery, 803enabling EM sending, 802Media Alive message configuration, 803retrieving EM measurements, 803RKS definitions, 800–801subscriber billing type configuration, 803variable modification, 801–802

event messaging on CMTS, 804ITP, 385, 396

group implementation, 386–387, 395, 403, 410

PSTN, 388–391router requirements, 385SG mated pair implementation, 388, 394,

399, 403–404, 410web resources, 401

NCS in BTS 10200, 284



basic/core configuration tasks, 287–295call feature configuration tasks, 323–327

cnfvoiptransparams command

1031

configuring call agent variables, 290–294configuring MTA, 313–315configuring MTA characteristics, 302–313configuring MTA-connected CMTS,

301–302configuring NCS endpoints, 315–316configuring PacketCable subscriber





299–300defining dial plans, 300defining digit maps, 298defining exchange codes, 298defining feature servers, 323–324defining features, 324–325defining national destination codes, 297defining office codes, 298defining POP, 295defining services, 326defining vertical service codes, 325–326dial plan configuration tasks, 295–300entering MTA into service, 322–323entering NCS endpoints into service,


OFFNET call routing, dial plan configurations in BTS 10200, 436

carrier definitions, 438destination definitions, 438–439dial plan entry definitions, 439–440policy-based routing route guide

definitions, 437–438trunk group route definitions, 436–437

PCMM on CMTS, 773–774security in BTS 10200

COPS signaling security, 852–854NCS signaling security, 847–852

RADIUS signaling security, 852–854RTP/RTCP signaling security, 855–856TGCP signaling security, 852–854

security in CMTS, 859–864security in VXSM, 857–859SG in BTS 10200

call control route definitions, 410destination point code definitions,

404–405enabling SCTP associations, 411ISUP network variant definitions, 409ISUP routing key definitions, 410SCTP association definitions, 406–409SCTP parameter definitions, 405SG definitions, 402SG group definitions, 403SG process definitions, 403–404switch origination point code definitions,

404

TCAP in BTS 10200, 411

enabling SCTP associations, 415enabling subsystems/subsystem groups,

415modifying call agent configurations, 414SCCP network definitions, 412SLHR characteristic definitions, 414SLHR definitions, 414subsystem characteristic definitions, 412subsystem definitions, 412–413TCAP/SCCP route definitions, 413TCAP/SCCP routing key definitions, 413

TGCP in BTS 10200, 415

enabling endpoints, 435–436enabling MG, 434enabling trunk groups, 435endpoint configurations, 425–426MG characteristic configurations,



configurations, 426–428trunk group route definitions, 436–437

configuring

1032

trunking MG in BTS 10200 CMS, 440–443


connection mode parameter (CRCX command), 223

connections (MGCP), 208Contact parameter (SIP), 493Content-Length parameter (SIP), 494Content-Type parameter (SIP), 494control call_agent command, 882control command, 285, 883COPS (Common Open Policy Service)

activity count field, 631DQoS

debugging via, 712–716session verifications, 698–699troubleshooting protocol issues, 724

electronic surveillance parameters objects, 633error code objects, 633event generation information objects, 632–633gate identifier objects, 631gate specification field, 631header formats, 626initializing, 627–628IKE, 841IPsec, 841keepalive messages, 629PCMM, 741–743

AMID, 746classifiers, 748event-generation-info objects, 751extended classifiers, 748gate identifiers, 747gate specification, 747–748gate state objects, 753gate time info objects, 752gate traffic profiles, 749–751gate usage info objects, 752header formats, 742initialization process, 743Msg Receipt Key objects, 754object formats, 742opaque data objects, 752PacketCable error objects, 752–753PEP to PDP heartbeats, 743PSID objects, 754

subscriber identifiers, 747Synch Options objects, 754time-based usage limit objects, 751transaction IDs, 744–746version info objects, 754volume-based usage limit objects, 751

PDP, 737

Msg-Receipt messages, 746PDP-Config messages, 746PEP to PDP heartbeats in PCMM, 743Synch-Report messages, 746Sync-Request messages, 746

PEP, 737

Gate-Report-State messages, 746Msg Receipt Key object, 754PEP to PDP heartbeats in PCMM, 743Synch Options object, 754Synch-Complete messages, 746

reason objects, 633–634session class field, 632signaling security, 852–854subscriber identifier objects, 631transaction identifier objects, 630–631

cops listener access-list command, 863COT (continuity tests), 383–384CRCX command (MGCP), 221

call ID, 222connection mode, 223LCO, 223–224

cryptology, Kerberos, 79cs7 inhibit command, 465cs7 uninhibit command, 465Cseq parameter (SIP), 493

Ddata confidentiality (IPsec), 843data integrity (IPsec), 843data origin authentication (IPsec), 843Database Query messages (event messaging), 790debug command, 811debug crypto engine command, 864debug crypto ipsec command, 864debug crypto isakmp command, 864debug packetcable gate command, 804

configuring

1033

debug packetcable gate control command, 777, 832

debug packetcable subscriber command, 804debug packetcable subscriber verbose command,

777debugging

CMTS baseline privacy, 138DQoS

admission control information, finding, 712

COPS messages, 712–716DOCSIS Dynamic Service Flow messages

during calls, 709–712delays (audio CODEC), 551

backbone, 554–555backbone-to-listener, 555–556end-to-end, 552minimizing (QoS), 865speaker-to-backbone, 552–554

destination codes (national), 297destination tables, 299destinations, defining, 438–439device-level configuration data (MTA

configuration files), 186device-level service data (MTA configuration

files), 187Device Provisioning (PKT-SP-PROV)

specifications (PacketCable 1.0), 17DF (Delivery Function), 807

AF-DF communicationcommunicating information to CMSS, 814communicating information to CMTS,

811–812communicating information to MG, 813 overview of, 809–811

DF-CF communication, 815, 819call flow examples, 819–828capturing call content, 829–830capturing call data, 815–818

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), 63

chaddr field, 65ciaddr field, 64Client-Class configurations, 85CMTS configurations, 83–84, 87–88, 91

configuration options, 88embedded policies, 88named policies, 87

Discover packets, 63flags field, 64giaddr field, 65IP connectivity, troubleshooting, 125–129leases, 63options field, 65

option #43, 66option #60, 67–68option #82, 69option #122, 70–71

packet formats, 64scope configurations, 83selection tags, 83siaddr field, 64yiaddr field, 64

diagnostics, BTS, 330–331dial plans

defining, 300defining characteristics, 299–300entry definitions, 439–440OFFNET call routing configurations, 436–440

dial tones, troubleshooting, 337–338digit maps, 298digital certificates, 79–80digital channels (DS0), 207Discover packets (DHCP), 63display alarms command, 455display line alarm command, 454display line command, 453display lines command, 454disruption of service (security threats), 843distributed architectures, 206, 483DLCX (Delete Connection) command (MGCP),

226–227DN (domain names), configuring

IP address configuration, 461trunking MG configurations in BTS 10200

CMS, 458-460DNS (Domain Name Server), 73–74

BTS, redundancy, 908CMTS configurations, 92-96configuring, 460resource records, creating, 96troubleshooting, 337

Do Not Disturb feature, 507

Do Not Disturb feature

1034

DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification), 10

authorization block parameters, 643BPI+, 840–841cable modem provisioning, 111



call capacities of upstream service flows, determining (capacity planning/traffic engineering), 887–894

DOCSIS 1.0, 11–14DOCSIS 1.1, 14–15DOCSIS 2.0, 15DOCSIS 3.0, 16, 936DQoS, 620

active resources, 625admitted resources, 625gates, 622provisioned files, 625troubleshooting protocol issues, 726

Dynamic Service Flow messages, debugging during calls, 709–712

dynamic service flows, 641–642headers, 639–641NCS packet QoS, 869

Backbone QoS, tying to, 695–696classifiers, 873–875downstream service flows, 872–873nRTPS service flows, 871–872premium best effort service flows,

870–871primary service flows, 869

packetsdecoding via cable monitor (CMTS),

964–966decoding via Ethereal packet sniffer, 967

PCMMBE services, 738–741nRTPS, 739–741

RTPS, 739–741service class names, 741

PHS, 649, 652–653service class name method (gate traffic profiles)

PCMM, 750service flow conversion to RSVP flow

specifications, 653–658service flow parameters

downstream parameters, 647–648, 656–657

generic parameters, 644–645packet assignments, 648–649upstream parameters, 645–647, 654

VAD, 689–693website, 11

downloading Ethereal packet sniffer, 963downstream gate specifications, 672DPE (Device Provisioning Engines), 51–52,

101–102DQoS (Dynamic Quality of Service), 34, 619

911 calls, 694active gate information, displaying, 701–702active resources, 625admission control policies, 693admitted resources, 625architecture of, 620bandwidth reservation, 1017BTS

configurations, 719–722verifying/troubleshooting on, 723–724

cable line card information, displaying, 708–709

call flows, 665basic ONNET calls, 666–688VAD, 689–693

calls, elements of, 620CMS, 621CMSS SIP, 509–510CMTS, 621

authorization, 659configuring on, 696–698event messaging element ID, configuring,

696maximum number of allocated gates,

specifying, 697time values, specifying, 697troubleshooting on, 707–718

DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification)

1035

UGS-AD flows, switching to RTPS scheduling, 698

UGS-AD flows, timing out, 698verifying on, 698–706

COPS protocolactivity count field, 631electronic surveillance parameters


632–633gate identifier objects, 631gate specification field, 631header formats, 626initializing, 627–628keepalive messages, 629reason objects, 633–634resource authorization, 635–638session class field, 632subscriber identifier objects, 631transaction identifier objects, 630–631

debuggingCOPS messages, 712–716DOCSIS Dynamic Service Flow messages

during calls, 709–712finding admission control information,

712DOCSIS, 620

authorization block parameters, 643classifiers, 648–649, 658converting service flows to RSVP flow

specifications, 653–658DOCSIS QoS tying to Backbone QoS,

695–696downstream service flow parameters,

647–648, 656–657dynamic service flows, 641–642generic service flow parameters, 644–645headers, 639–641PHS, 649, 652–653provisioned files, 625SID information in upstream service flows,

704–706upstream service flow parameters,

645–647, 654downstream capacity, displaying, 707–708DSCP, 620

eMTA, 621gates, 622–626

allocation state, 623authorization state, 623commitment state, 624–625converting DOCSIS classifiers to gate

classifiers, 658reservation state, 624

LCO parametersdq-qi, 244–245dq-rd, 246dq-ri, 246dq-rr, 245NCS, 244–246

message types table, 630MPLS, 620resource envelopes

authorized, 625committed, 625–626creating, 635–638reserved, 625–626

Resource Reservation Failure, 508RKS, 621service flow information, displaying, 702–704statistical information on DOCSIS DSX

messages on Downstream Channel, displaying, 708

testing, 716–718timers, 635, 719troubleshooting

BTS 10200, 338–339COPS protocol issues, 724DOCSIS protocol issues, 726gate deletion from Gate-Close messages,

724–725gate deletion from Gate-Delete messages,

726upstream capacity, displaying, 707upstream statistics, displaying, 706variables, 719–721

dq-qi (DQoS Gate ID) parameter, 244–245dq-rd (DQoS Reserve Destination) parameter,

246dq-ri (DQoS Resource ID) parameter, 246dq-rr (DQoS Resource Reservation) parameter,

245DS0 (digital channels), 207

DS0 (digital channels)

1036

DS0 trunks, 383–384DS1 trunks, 359, 364DS3 trunks, 359, 364DSA-REP, 677DSA-REQ (Dynamic Service Addition Requests)

basic ONNET callsdownstream information in, 676upstream information in, 675

UGS-AD, 689DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point), 620,

875, 879DSCP to IPv4 TOS conversions table, 875, 878packets originating from CMS, 881–883packets originating from CMTS, 879–880packets originating from MG, 883–884

DSC-REP, 683DSD-REQ (Dynamic Service Deletion Requests),

687dspcasbuiltinvars command, 452dspcasvars command, 453dspcd command, 472dspcds command, 925dspcodecjtrdelays command, 607dspcodecneg command, 607dspcodecnego command, 599dspcodecparam(s) command, 598dspcodecparams command, 607–608dspcodectmpls command, 606dspcon command, 451, 473dspconcacs command, 473dspconvbdpol command, 609dspdns command, 459–460dspdspparam command, 602dspdtmfsnoop command, 600dspdynamicpayload command, 608dspeventmappings command, 602dspfaxprof(s) command, 604dspiptos command, 883dspln command, 455, 457dsplnalm command, 457dsplndsp command, 608dsplnstate command, 457dsplntonentimeout command, 609dsplntoneplan command, 608dsplog -sl command, 472dspmgcs command, 460

dspmoinecanendpt command, 608dsppath command, 456dsppathalm command, 457dspprotocolport command, 462dsprtpcnt command, 610dspt38fxlco(s) command, 609dspt38nsettimeout(s) command, 609dspt38params command, 609dsptoneplans command, 608dspttyprof(s) command, 603dspvbdcodec command, 609dspvbdprof(s) command, 603dspvifec(s) command, 600dspvifeventmapping(s) command, 604dspvifvad(s) command, 600dspvismdn command, 459dspvismparam command, 605–606, 609dspvoipparams command, 608–610dspxgcpcalea command, 831dspxgcpcaleacalls command, 831dspxgcpcalls command, 476dspxgcpcons command, 476dspxgcpdetailcnts command, 476dspxgcpdtmf command, 599dspxgcpendptcons command, 475dspxgcplncons command, 476dspxgcpprofttone command, 601dspxgpendptcon command, 475DTMF (dual-town multiple frequency) digit

transport (audio CODEC), 559–560MG

VISM, 608VXSM, 599

RTP payloads, 580, 583dynamic payloads, RTP message format, 571–572Dynamic RTP, 608Dynamic Service Change Action field (DOCSIS

classifiers), 649dynamic service flows, 641–642

EE1 trunks, 359E3 trunks, 359EBP (Exterior Border Proxies), 486

DS0 trunks

1037

echo (audio CODEC), 556–558VISM, 608VXSM, 600

EH (extended headers), 639–641electrical echos, 558electronic surveillance parameters objects (COPS

protocol), 633embedded policies, 88Emergency 911 call flows, 381–383, 694EMID (Event Message Identifier), 790–791EML (Element Management Layers), 48EMS (Element Management Systems), 285

CLI, accessing, 285displaying database transaction queue, 330EML, 48TMN, 48

eMTA (embedded MTAs), 29, 181cable modems, 33CG2P2WB cable gateways, 32CM2P2B cable modem, 31configuration files

BAC configuration file utility, 195BAC templates, 191–195configuring after initialization, 197device-level configuration data, 186device-level service data, 187notification receivers, 191per-CMS configuration data, 189–190per-endpoint configuration data, 188–189per-realm configuration data, 189TLV entry tags, 185

DQoS, 621MIB, 181–182provisioning, 30, 61, 111, 139

Basic method, 161–163Hybrid method, 164–166secure method, 62, 139–144, 147–149,

152–161QoS, 33

encoding names (payloads), 572encoding parameters (payloads), 572endpoints

announcement server access points as, 207CAS endpoints, adding to lines, 458connections, 208DS0 endpoints, adding to lines, 458IVR, 208

naming, 210–211TGCP, 425–426TGCP configuration, 435–436TGCP naming conventions, 361–364types of, 207

end-to-end delays (audio CODEC), 552ensuring high availability (QoS), 865erlang metric (capacity planning/traffic

engineering), 898–901error codes (COPS protocol), 633error traces (SIP), 506

calls not answered, 506–507Do Not Disturb feature, 507DQoS Resource Reservation Failure, 508

es-ccd (Call Content Destination), 368, 813es-cci (Call Content Connection Identifiers), 368,

813ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload), 844ESS (Electronic Surveillance Server) table, 830Ethereal packet sniffer

call flow schematics, generating, 972–974decoding DOCSIS packets, 967downloading, 963installing, 963MTA provisioning, 968–970OFFNET packet traces, examining, 980PacketCable COPS DQoS packets, examining,

978PacketCable Event Messaging packets,

examining, 980PacketCable Lawful Intercept packets,

examining, 981–982phone calls, examining, 971–972port monitoring, configuring, 977RTP streams, examining, 975–976

event generation information objects (COPS protocol), 632–633

event handling, 230Event Management Mechanism (PKT-SP-MEM)

specifications (PacketCable 1.5), 20event messaging

background of, 788batch processing, 789BCID, 789BTS 10200 configuration, 800

billing file recovery, 803enabling EM sending, 802

event messaging

1038

Media Alive message configuration, 803retrieving EM measurements, 803RKS definitions, 800–801subscriber billing type configuration, 803variable modification, 801–802

Call Answer messages, 790Call Disconnect messages, 790call flow example, 792–799CDR, 789CMTS, 804Conference Party Change messages, 790Database Query messages, 790element ID, 696EMID, 790–791FEID, 789IKE, 841Interconnect Start messages, 790Interconnect Stop messages, 790inter-domain calls, 790intra-domain calls, 790IPsec, 841lawful intercept, 809–811Media Alive messages, 790, 803Media Report messages, 790Media Statistics messages, 790motivation for, 788MSO, 789PCMM, 772PKT-SP-EM (PacketCable Event Messaging)

specification, 788Policy Delete messages, 792Policy Request messages, 792Policy Update messages, 792QoS_Commit messages, 791QoS Release messages, 791QoS_Reserve messages, 791RADIUS

Accounting function, 788Accounting-Request messages, 789Accounting-Response messages, 789UDP, 789

record generation, 789Redirection messages, 791Service Activation messages, 791Service Deactivation messages, 791Service Instance messages, 791Signal Instance messages, 791

Signaling Start messages, 791Signaling Stop messages, 791Surveillance Stop messages, 791Time Change messages, 791TLV pairs, 788–789

Event Messaging (PKT-SP-EM) specifications (PacketCable 1.0), 18

event-generation-info objects, 751events

BTS, 329MGCP, 216, 230TGCP, 364–365, 367

exchange codes, 298extended classifiers, PCMM, 748

Ffacsimile transport, 562–563fax relays (T.38), 584–589FCAPS (Fault, Configuration, Account,

Performance and Security management), 47feature call flows, NCS role in, 261–284feature servers, defining, 323–324features, assigning associate subscribers, 327FEID (Financial Entity Identifiers), 789flags field, 64From parameter (SIP), 493

GG.711 CODEC, 541–543

bandwidth constraints, 579RTP, 573

packet size, 578packet traces, 576

G.728 CODEC, 543–544bandwidth constraints, 579RTP, 573


G.729E CODEC, 545bandwidth constraints, 579RTP, 573


event messaging

1039

gaming consoles, 735gaps (RTCP-XR), 595Gate Alloc Err messages, 624Gate Alloc messages, 623Gate allocation messages. See Gate-Report-State

messagesGate Close messages. See also Gate-Report-State

messagesDQoS, 687troubleshooting gate deletion from, 724–725

Gate Delete messages, 726, 745gate identifiers

AM, 735COPS protocol, 631PCMM, 747

Gate Info messages, 745Gate Open messages. See Gate-Report-State

messagesGate-Report-State messages, 685, 745-746Gate Set Ack messages, 624, 673–674Gate Set Error messages, 624Gate Set messages, 624, 745

911 calls, Ethereal trace of, 694DQoS, 670

gate specification, 747–748gate specification field (COPS protocol), 631gate state objects, 753gate time info objects, 752gate traffic profiles, 749–751gate usage info objects, 752gates, 622, 626

allocation state, 623authorization state, 623commitment state, 624–625components of, 623converting DOCSIS classifiers to gate

classifiers, 658COPS protocol

activity count field, 631electronic surveillance parameters


632–633gate identifier objects, 631gate specification field, 631header formats, 626initializing, 627–628

keepalive messages, 629reason objects, 633–634session class field, 632subscriber identifier objects, 631transaction identifier objects, 630–631

CTMS, 697DQoS

active gate information, displaying, 701–702

downstream gate specifications, Ethereal traces, 672

Gate-Close messages, Ethereal traces, 687Gate-Open messages, Ethereal traces, 685Gate-Set messages, Ethereal traces, 670Gate-Set-Ack messages, Ethereal traces,

673–674troubleshooting gate deletions from Gate-

Close messages, 724–725troubleshooting gate deletions from Gate-

Delete messages, 726upstream gate specifications, Ethereal

traces, 671Gate Alloc Err messages, 624Gate Alloc messages, 623Gate-Report-State messages, 685, 745-746Gate Set Ack messages, 624, 673–674Gate Set Error messages, 624Gate Set messages, 624, 670, 694, 745reservation state, 624test packetcable gate create command, 718test packetcable gc gate-alloc command, 717test packetcable gc gate-delete command, 717test packetcable gc gate-info command, 717test packetcable gc gate-set command, 717–718

gatewayscall agent relationships, 206endpoints (MGCP), 207MGCP, 218

GC (Gate Controllers), 39giaddr field, 65giaddr fields, 81GRA (Circuit Group Reset Acknowledge)

messages, ISUP, 355Grants per Interval parameters (service flow

parameters), 647GRS (Circuit Group Reset) messages, ISUP, 355GTT (Global Title Translation), 354

GTT (Global Title Translation)

1040

Hhccp channel-switch command, 920hccp protect command, 920hccp rfswitch-group command, 920hccp switch command, 921hccp working command, 920headers

DOCSIS, 639–641PHS, 649, 652–653

HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxials), 28HFC redundancy (CMTS), 912–914, 917–922high availability, ensuring (QoS), 865HMAC (Hashed Message Authentication Code),

844HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 74–75Hybrid method (MTA provisioning), 164–166

IIAM (Initial Address Messages), ISUP, 354IAP (Intercept Access Points), 806

AF, 807–814call details, 807

IBP (Interior Border Proxies), 486IETF RFC (Internet Engineering Task Force

Request For Comments), 9, 949–953IKE (Internet Key Exchange), 840

COPS, 841event messaging, 841

iLBC (Internet Low Bitrate Codec), 546bandwidth constraints, 579RTP, 573

in-band communication, 347init(d) state (IP connectivity), troubleshooting,

123init(io) state (IP connectivity), troubleshooting,

123–124installing Ethereal packet sniffer, 963integrity (data), 843interception (lawful intercept), 806Interconenct Stop messages (event messaging),

790Interconnect Start messages (event messaging),

790

inter-domain calls, 790interface queues, load balancing, 935intra-domain calls, 790INVITE messages, 514–515INVITE method, 512IP addresses

DN IP address configurations, 461trunking MG configurations, 459

IPsec (IP Security), 843–845AH, 843anti-reply, 843COPS, 841data confidentiality, 843data integrity, 843data origin authentication, 843ESP, 844event messaging, 841MTA-to-CMS call signaling packets, 840RTCP, 841RTP, 841SA, 844transport mode, 844tunnel mode, 844

IPv4, DSCP to IPv4 TOS conversions table, 875, 878

ISUP (ISDN User Part) layersACM, 355ANM, 355BLA, 355BLO, 355CGA, 355CGB, 355CGU, 355CGUA, 355GRA, 355GRS, 355IAM, 354network variant definitions, 409REL, 355RES, 355RLC, 355routing key definitions, 410RSC, 355SS7, 354SUS, 355UBA, 355UBL, 355

hccp channel-switch command

1041

ITP (IP Transfer Point), 42configuring, 385, 396

group implementation, 386–387, 395, 403, 410

PSTN, 388–391router requirements, 385SG mated pair implementation, 388, 394,

399, 403–404Sigtran, 391–394web resources, 401

troubleshooting, 464–467ITU (International Telecommunication Union)

specifications, 10, 954–956E-model (audio CODEC voice quality), 551network management models

FCAPS, 47TMN, 48

IVR endpoints, 208

J-Kjitter buffers, 556, 607–608jitter variations, minimizing (QoS), 865

KDC (Key Distribution Centers), 52CMTS configurations, 103–104Kerberos, 80

keepalive command, 921keepalive messages, 629Kerberos, 78–80

authentication, 80digital certificates, 79–80KDC, 80public/private key cryptology, 79realms, 79

keygen, 104

Llawful intercept

AF, 807–814architecture of, 808CALEA, 805call details, 807call flow examples, 819

suspect with call content tap originates call, 823–825

suspect with call content tap receives call, 826–828

suspect with call data tap originates call, 819–821

suspect with call data tap receives call, 821–822

CCC, 807, 829CDC, 807, 829CF, 807, 815–830CMSS, 814CMTS, 811–812configuring, 830–831DF, 807

AF-DF communication, 809–814DF-CF communication, 815–830

event messaging, 809–811IAP, 806Lawful Intercept (PKT-SP-ESP) specifications

(PacketCable 1.5), 20LCO, 367–368MG, 813PCESP, 815–818surveillance types, 806troubleshooting, 832

LCO (Local Connections Options)CODEC, 243CRCX command, 223–224DQoS

dq-qi, 244–245dq-rd, 246dq-ri, 246dq-rr, 245NCS, 244–246

sc-rtcp parameter, 845, 855sc-rtp parameter, 845, 855security, 246TGCP, 367–368

leases (DHCP), 63line echos, 558line usage (capacity planning/traffic engineering),

898–901linecards, 898linksets, 390load balancing, 928–930

admission control, 930–933

load balancing

1042

burst size limitations, 935interface queues, 935spectrum management, 933–934

log files (BTS), 329–330

MM3UA protocol, 356, 392manual/automatic switchovers (router

processors), 912Max-Forwards parameter (SIP), 493maximizing voice quality (QoS), 865Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate parameters

(service flow parameters), 648, 740Maximum Traffic Burst parameters (service flow

parameters), 648MDCX (Modify Connection) command (MGCP),

224–226Media Alive messages (event messaging), 790, 803Media Gateways. See MG (Media Gateways)Media Report messages (event messaging), 790Media Statistics messages (event messaging), 790Media Stream Transport and Encoding (PKT-SP-

CODEC) specifications (PacketCable 1.0), 17message bodies (SIP), 494message flow templates (PCMM), 755–771message headers (SIP), 492–494MG (media gateways), 43. See also MGCP

(Media Gateway Control Protocol)AS5000 series, 46auditing, 330characteristic configurations, 416–424configuring, 424enabling, 434IKE, 840lawful intercept, 813MGX 8000 series, 43

PXM cards, 44RPM cards, 44SRM cards, 45VISM cards, 45–46VXSM cards, 45–46

QoS, 883–884redundancy, 927

ATM VC redundancy, 926PXM redundancy, 924

SRM redundancy, 924VXSM/VISM redundancy, 925–926

trunking MG configuration in BTS 10200 CMS, 440–443


VISM, 605active calls, monitoring, 610BERT testing, 610CODEC options, configuring, 606–607DTMF relays, configuring, 608dynamic RTP payload types, negotiating,

608echo parameters, adjusting, 608jitter buffers, adjusting, 607–608RTCP parameters, setting, 609Silence Suppression parameters,

adjusting, 610T.38 facsimile parameters, configuring,

609tone plans, configuring, 608VBD, detecting, 609

VXSM, 598bearer tracing, 605BERT testing, 604CODEC options, configuring, 598DTMF relays, configuring, 599echo parameters, adjusting, 600RTCP parameters, setting, 602silence suppression parameters, adjusting,

600tone parameters, configuring, 601VBD options, configuring, 602–604

MGC (Media Gateway Controllers), 39MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol)

call agents, 210–211, 230call signaling, 218–219commands

AUCX, 215AUEP, 214concatenating multiple commands, 230CRCX, 221–224DLCX, 226–227endpoint names, 210–211ensuring delivery of, 230header format, 209

load balancing

1043

MDCX, 224–226NTFY, 219–221RQNT, 217–219RSIP, 213–214TIDs, 210verbs, 210

connections, 208endpoints, 207

announcement server access points as, 207

connections, 208IVR, 208naming, 210–211types, 207

events, 216, 230gateways, 218messages, 208MTA and CMS communications, 29NCS variations, 239, 247

CODEC LCO parameters, 243command header formats, 240DQoS LCO parameters, 244–246endpoint naming conventions, 240–241package events/signals, 241–242packetization period parameter (p), 243SDP attributes, 247security LCO parameters, 246

packages, 216, 230parameters, 211–212quarantine event handling, 230reason codes, 228–229responses, 227

acknowledgements, 230buffering, 230concatenating multiple responses, 230ensuring delivery of, 230provisional response notifications, 230response codes, 228–229

signals, 216–217, 230TGCP variations, 360, 368

command header formats, 361endpoint naming conventions, 361–364LCO, 367–368package events/signals, 364–367SDP, 368

MGW-PROFILE table, 850MIB, 181–182

minimizingdelay (QoS), 865jitter variations (QoS), 865packet loss (QoS), 865

Minimum Reserved Rate Packet Size parameters (service flow parameters), 648

Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate parameters (service flow parameters), 648

Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate service flow parameter, 740

modem-mac-address, 709modems

CM, 737CMTS, 736–737

MOS (Mean Option Score) ratings, audio CODEC voice quality, 549

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)backbone QoS, 885–886DQoS, 620

Msg Receipt Key objects (PCMM), 754Msg-Receipt messages (PCMM), 746MSO (Multiple Systems Operator), 789MTA (Multimedia Terminal Adapters), 28. See

also eMTAauthentication requirements, 30characteristic configurations, 302–315CMS communications

call signaling, 29communication loss, 172–173QoS signaling, 29–30

CMS initialization, 167–171CMTS configurations, 301–302configuration files, 610–611DQoS, 635–638entering NCS endpoints into service, 322–323modem-mac-address, 709MTA-to-CMS call signaling packets (IPsec),

840NCS endpoints configuration, 315–316out of service MTA, troubleshooting, 336–337provisioning, 968–970redundancy, 924responsibilities of, 29–30security, 30, 218–219sMTAs, 29voice packets, transmitting, 637

MTP (Message Transfer Part) layers, 352–353

MTP (Message Transfer Part) layers

1044

multimedia. See also PCMMclients, 734COPS objects, 743–746PacketCable Multimedia specifications, 20–22,

960test packetcable gc initiate command, 718

Nnamed policies, 87narrowband voice, 540national destination codes, 297NCS (Network-based Call Signaling)

911 calls, 694BTS 10200 configuration, 284



basic/core configuration tasks, 287–295call feature configuration tasks, 323–327configuring call agent variables, 290–294configuring MTA, 313–315configuring MTA characteristics, 302–313configuring MTA-connected CMTS,

301–302configuring NCS endpoints, 315–316configuring PacketCable subscriber





299–300defining dial plans, 300defining digit maps, 298defining exchange codes, 298defining feature servers, 323–324defining features, 324–325defining national destination codes, 297defining office codes, 298

defining POP, 295defining services, 326defining vertical service codes, 325–326dial plan configuration tasks, 295–300entering MTA into service, 322–323entering NCS endpoints into service,


call flow usage examples, 248feature calls, 261–284ONNET calls, 248–261

DQoS, 666–688endpoint configuration (MTA), 315–316MGCP variations, 239, 247

CODEC LCO parameters, 243command header formats, 240DQoS LCO parameters, 244–246endpoint naming conventions, 240–241package events/signals, 241–242packetization period parameter (p), 243SDP attributes, 247security LCO parameters, 246

MTA and CMS communications, 29QoS on DOCSIS networks

classifiers, 873–875downstream service flows, 872–873nRTPS service flows, 871–872premium best effort service flows,


signaling security, 847–852network design

capacity planning/traffic engineering, 886busy hour utilization, 900–901cable linecards, 898call capacities of DOCSIS upstream

service flows, determining, 887–894CMS, 903–904CMTS, 902–903CODEC changes, effects of, 895–896erlang metric, 898–901line usage, 898–901packetization interval changes, effects of,

894–895PHS implementation, effects of, 896–897security implementation, effects of, 897

multimedia

1045

TGCP, 904traffic patterns, 898–901VAD implementation, effects of, 897

load balancing, 928–930admission control, 930–933burst size limitations, 935interface queues, 935spectrum management, 933–934

QoSbackbone QoS, 875, 878–886characterizing call signaling traffic,

866–869DSCP codepoints, 879–884metrics of, 865NCS packets on DOCSIS networks,

869–875redundancy, 905

4+1 schemes, 913, 9208+1 (7+1) schemes, 913, 919–920CMS, 906–908CMTS, 909–914, 917–923MG, 924–927MTA, 924OSS servers, 928RPR, 911–912RPR+, 911–912SG, 927

securityBAC configuration, 846–847BTS 10200 configurations, 847–856CMTS configurations, 859–864IPsec, 843–845requirements, 840–841threats, 841–843VXSM configurations, 857–859

network service thefts (security threats), 841–842NML (Network Management Layers), 48NMS (Network Management Systems), 48no bandwidth calls, 1017no hccp revertime command, 921no keepalive command, 921nodestat command, 328–329Nominal Grant Interval parameters (service flow

parameters), 647Nominal Polling Interval parameters (service

flow parameters), 647, 740notification receivers, 191

NOTIFY method, 512nRTPS (non Real-Time Polling Services)

DOCSIS, 739–741NCS QoS on DOCSIS networks, 871–872service flow parameters, 739

NTFY (Notified Entity) command (MGCP), 219–221

OOC-1 (Optical Carrier - Level 1), 359OC-3 (Optical Carrier - Level 3), 362–364office codes, 298OFFNET

OFFNET-to-ONNET call flows, 376–380OFFNET-to-ONNET calls, 991packet traces, 980routing, 909

OID (Object Identification Number), 181one way voice, troubleshooting, 338ONNET call flowsONNET calls

DQoS, 666–681downstream service flows, activating, 682upstream service flows, activating,

682–688VAD, 689–693

NCS role in, 248–261ONNET-to-OFFNET call flows, 369–376ONNET-to-OFFNET calls, 988, 991ONNET-to-ONNET calls, 985–986ONNET-to-SIP/CMSS calls, 994–996

opaque data objects, 752Operational Support Systems specifications

(PacketCable 1.0), 18options field (DHCP), 65

option #43, 66option #60, 67–68option #82, 69option #122, 70–71

origin authentication (data), IPsec, 843OSS servers, 928OSS/BSS (Operational Support System/Business

Support System) BackOffice components, 47BAC, 49

CNR, 52

OSS/BSS BackOffice components

1046

DPE, 51–52KDC, 52RDU, 50–51

BTS 10200 databases, 53ITU network management models

FCAPS, 47TMN, 48

out-of-band signaling, 347–348

Pp (packetization period parameter), 243P-DCS-BILLING-INFO extension, 511P-DCS-LAES extension, 511P-DCS-OSPS extension, 511P-DCS-REDIRECT extension, 511P-DCS-TRACE-PARTY-ID extension, 511packages

MGCP, 216, 230TGCP, 364–367

packet loss, minimizing (QoS), 865PacketCable

ANSI specifications, 10architecture of, 8–9DOCSIS specifications, 10

DOCSIS 1.0, 11–14DOCSIS 1.1, 14–15DOCSIS 2.0, 15DOCSIS 3.0, 16website, 11

error objects, 752–753Event Messaging packets, 980future of, 935–937IETF RFC, 9ITU specifications, 10Lawful Intercept packets, 981–982motivations behind, 5–7PacketCable 1.0, 16

architectural diagram, 27Call Signaling, 17Device Provisioning, 17Event Messaging (PKT-SP-EM), 18Media Stream Transport and Encoding

(PKT-SP-CODEC), 17Operational Support Systems, 18PKT-SP-EC-MGCP, 17

PKT-SP-ISTP, 17PKT-SP-MIB-CLABDEF, 18PKT-SP-MIB-MTA, 18PKT-SP-MIBS, 18PKT-SP-MIB-SIG, 18PKT-SP-TGCP, 17PKT-TR-ARCH, 18PKT-TR-CF-ON-ON, 19PKT-TR-CF-ON-PSTN, 19PKT-TR-CF-PSTN-ON, 19PKT-TR-MGCP-PKG, 19PKT-TR-OSS, 19Quality of Service (PKT-SP-DQOS), 18Security and Privacy (PKT-SP-SEC), 18standards/specifications, 957–958

PacketCable 1.5, 19Audio Server Protocol (PKT-SP-ASP), 20Battery Backup MIBs (CL-SP-MIB-BB),

19Call Management Server provisioning

(PKT-SP-CMSPROV), 20CMS to CMS Signaling (PKT-SP-CMSS),

19Event Management Mechanism (PKT-SP-

MEM), 20Lawful Intercept (PKT-SP-ESP), 20Primary Line Support (PKT-SP-AIP), 19standards/specifications, 958–960

PacketCable 2.0, 22PacketCable Multimedia, 20–22, 960Telcordia specifications, 10

packetizationLCO, 367packetization period parameter (p), 243packetization periods, 542

PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation), 540PAMS (Perceptual Analysis/Measurement

System), 550parameter negotiations, troubleshooting in

BTS 10200, 339payloads

clock rates, 572DTMF relays, 580, 583dynamic, 571–572encoding parameters, 572encoding names, 572formats of, 573

OSS/BSS BackOffice components

1047

payload types, 572static, 571–572types, 572

PCESP (PacketCable Electronic Surveillance Protocol), 815–818

PCMM (PacketCable Multimedia), 731AM, 735

call agents, 735gaming consoles, 735gate identifiers, 735policy servers, 736web servers, 735

AS, 734CM, 737CMTS, 736–737

configuration on, 773–774troubleshooting on, 774–779verifying on, 774–779

COPS, 741–743AMID, 746classifiers, 748event-generation-info objects, 751extended classifiers, 748gate identifiers, 747Gate Set messages, 745gate specification, 747–748gate state objects, 753gate time info objects, 752gate traffic profiles, 749–751gate usage info objects, 752header formats, 742initialization process, 743Msg Receipt Key objects, 754object formats, 742opaque data objects, 752PacketCable error objects, 752–753PEP to PDP heartbeats, 743PSID objects, 754Synch Options objects, 754time-based usage limit objects, 751transaction IDs, 744–746version info objects, 754volume-based usage limit objects, 751

DOCSISBE services, 738–741nRTPS, 739–741RTPS, 739–741service class names, 741

event messaging, 772Gate Delete messages, 745Gate Info messages, 745Gate Report State messages, 745Gate-Report-State messages, 746message flow templates, 755–771Msg-Receipt messages, 746multimedia clients, 734overview of, 731–732PDP-Config messages, 746RKS, 737security, 772subscriber identifiers, 747Synch-Complete messages, 746Synch-Report messages, 746Sync-Request messages, 746

PDP (Policy Decision Points), 737Msg-Receipt messages, 746PDP to PEP heartbeats, 743PDP-Config messages, 746Synch-Report messages, 746Sync-Request messages, 746

PDP-Config messages, 746pen and trace (lawful intercept), 806pen register (lawful intercept), 806PEP (Policy Enforcement Points), 737

Gate-Report-State messages, 746Msg Receipt Key object, 754PEP to PDP heartbeats in PCMM, 743Synch Options object, 754Synch-Complete messages, 746

per-CMS configuration data (MTA configuration files), 189–190

per-endpoint configuration data (MTA configuration files), 188–189

per-realm configuration data (MTA configuration files), 189

PESQ (Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality), 551

PHS (Payload Header Suppression)capacity planning/traffic engineering, 896–897DOCSIS, 649, 652–653

PHSF (PHS Field) parameter (PHS), 650PHSI (PHS Index) parameter (PHS), 651PHSM (PHS Mask) parameter (PHS), 651PHSS (PHS Size) parameter (PHS), 651

PHSS (PHS Size) parameter (PHS)

1048

PHSV (PHS Verify) parameter (PHS), 651PKT-SP-AIP (Primary Line Support)

specifications, 19PKT-SP-ASP (Audio Server Protocol)

specifications, 20PKT-SP-CMSPROV (Call Management Server

provisioning) specifications, 20PKT-SP-CMSS (CMS to CMS Signaling)

specifications, 19PKT-SP-CODEC (Media Stream Transport and

Encoding) specifications, 17PKT-SP-DQOS (Quality of Service)

specifications, 18PKT-SP-EC-MGCP specifications, 17PKT-SP-EM (PacketCable Event Messaging)

specification, 18, 788PKT-SP-ESP (Lawful Intercept) specifications,

20PKT-SP-ISTP specifications, 17PKT-SP-MEM (Event Management Mechanism)

specifications, 20PKT-SP-MIB-CLABDEF specifications, 18PKT-SP-MIB-MTA specifications, 18PKT-SP-MIBS specifications, 18PKT-SP-MIB-SIG specifications, 18PKT-SP-PROV (Device Provisioning)

specifications, 17PKT-SP-SEC (Security and Privacy)

specifications, 18PKT-SP-TGCP specifications, 17PKT-TR-ARCH specifications, 18PKT-TR-CF-ON-ON specifications, 19PKT-TR-CF-ON-PSTN specifications, 19PKT-TR-CF-PSTN-ON specifications, 19PKT-TR-MGCP-PKG specifications, 19PKT-TR-OSS specifications, 19pktcSigDefCallSigTos, 879pktcSigDefMediaStreamTos, 879pktcSigTosFormatSelector, 879point codes, 349

destination code definitions, 404–405ITP configuration, 389, 404

policiesembedded policies, 88named policies, 87options, configuring, 88

policy-based routing, 437–438Policy Delete messages (event messaging), 792policy domains, 738Policy Request messages (event messaging), 792policy servers

PDP, 737Msg-Receipt messages, 746PDP to PEP heartbeats in PCMM, 743PDP-Config messages, 746Synch-Report messages, 746Sync-Request messages, 746

PEP, 737Gate-Report-State messages, 746Msg Receipt Key object, 754PEP to PDP heartbeats in PCMM, 743Synch Options object, 754Synch-Complete messages, 746

Policy Update messages (event messaging), 792POP (Points of Presence), 295port monitoring, 977post dial delays, troubleshooting, 339Primary Line Support (PKT-SP-AIP)

specifications, 19privacy extensions, 510private/public key cryptology, 79processor redundancy (CMTS), 911–912provisioned files, 625provisioning

CMTS configurations, 81BAC, 82CNR, 82CNR, DHCP, 83–84, 87–88, 91CNR, DNS, 92–96CNR, DPE, 101–102CNR, KDC, 103–104CNR, RDU, 96–101

Device Provisioning specifications (PacketCable 1.0), 17

DHCP, 63chaddr field, 65ciaddr field, 64Discover packets, 63flags field, 64giaddr field, 65leases, 63options field, 65options field, option #43, 66

PHSV (PHS Verify) parameter (PHS)

1049

options field, option #60, 67–68options field, option #82, 69options field, option #122, 70–71packet formats, 64siaddr field, 64yiaddr field, 64

DNS, 73–74DOCSIS cable modem, 111



DPE, 51–52eMTA, 30, 61-62, 111HTTP, 74–75Kerberos, 78–80MTA, 139

Basic method, 161–163Ethereal packet sniffer (CMTS), 968–970Hybrid method, 164–166secure method, 139–161

MTA to CMS communication loss, 172–173MTA to CMS initialization, 167–171provisioning groups, 50SNMP, 76–77syslog protocol, 75–76TFTP, 74ToD protocol, 75

proxy serversSIP, 486, 489stateful/stateless, 489

PS (policy servers), 736PSID objects, 754PSQM (Perceptual Speech Quality Measure), 550PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Networks)

call flows, 369Emergency 911, 381–383OFFNET-to-ONNET, 376–380ONNET-to-OFFNET, 369–376

CAS, 357–358ITP configuration, 388

controllers, 389

linksets, 390point codes, 389route tables, 391serial interfaces, 390

overview of, 345–347public/private key cryptology, 79Pull model multimedia clients, 734Push model multimedia clients, 734PVC, 450–452PXM (Processor Switch Module) cards, 44

redundancy (MG), 924trunking MG configurations in BTS 10200

CMS, 443–444

QQoS (Quality of Service). See also DQoS

(Dynamic Quality of Service)backbone QoS, 875, 878

DSCP codepoints, 879DSCP codepoints, CMS, 881–883DSCP codepoints, CMTS, 879–880DSCP codepoints, MG, 883–884MPLS, 885–886policy configuration, 884

cable modems, 34characterizing call signaling traffic, 866–869configuring subscriber parameters, 316–319DSCP codepoints, 879

packets originating from CMS, 881–883packets originating from CMTS, 879–880packets originating from MG, 883–884

eMTA, 33metrics of, 865NCS packets on DOCSIS networks, 869

classifiers, 873–875downstream service flows, 872–873nRTPS service flows, 871–872premium best effort service flows,


trunk group QoS parameter configuratons, 426–428

QoS_Commit messages (event messaging), 791QoS Parameter Set Type (service flow

parameters), 644

QoS Parameter Set Type

1050

QoS Release messages (event messaging), 791QoS_Reserve messages (event messaging), 791QoS signaling, 29–30QoS unaware multimedia clients, 734Quality of Service (PKT-SP-DQOS) specifications

(PacketCable 1.0), 18quantization, 540

RRADIUS

AAA functions, 788EMID, 790–791event messaging, 793show radius statistics command, 805signaling security, 852–854UDP event messaging, 789

RCD (Resource Control Domains), 738RCL (Release Complete Messages), ISUP, 355RDU (Regional Distribution Unit), 50–51, 96

Class of Service configuration, 100device management, 97DHCP Criteria configuration, 98external file management, 101MTA configuration, 98

realms (Kerberos), 79reason codes (MGCP), 228–229reason objects (COPS protocol), 633–634Record-Route parameter (SIP), 494redirect servers (SIP), 489Redirection messages (event messaging), 791redundancy, 905

4+1 schemes, 913, 9208+1 (7+1) schemes, 913, 919–920CMS, 906–908CMTS, 909

HFC redundancy, 912–914, 917–922processor redundancy, 911–912system redundancy, 909–910WAN redundancy, 922–923

MG, 927ATM VC redundancy, 926PXM redundancy, 924SRM redundancy, 924VXSM/VISM redundancy, 925–926

MTA, 924

OSS servers, 928RPR, 911–912RPR+, 911–912SG, 927

redundancy groups, adding MG to, 462–463REFER method, 512REGISTER method, 513registrar servers (SIP), 489REL (Release Messages), ISUP, 355report measurement_em_summary command, 803report-billing-record command, 334–336reporting function (RTCP-XR), 593repudiation (security threats), 843Request/Transmission Policy parameters (service

flow parameters), 646, 739–740Require parameter (SIP), 493RES (Resume Messages), ISUP, 355reservation state (gates), 624reserved resource envelopes, 625–626resource envelopes

authorized, 625committed, 625–626creating, 635–638reserved, 625–626

resource records, creating, 96responding function (RTCP-XR), 593response codes (MGCP), 228–229responses (MGCP), 227

acknowledgements, 230buffering, 230concatenating multiple responses, 230ensuring delivery of, 230provisional response notifications, 230

retransmission, 513RF analyzers, 966–967R-factors (Rating factors), 551RFC (Request For Comments), 9, 486–488rf-switch name command, 918rf-switch snmp-community command, 918ring back tones, troubleshooting, 338ring tones, troubleshooting, 337–338route tables, 391routers

automatic/manual switchovers, 912ITP configuration requirements, 385RPR, 911–912RPR+, 911–912

QoS Release messages (event messaging)

1051

routespolicy-based routing route guide definitions,

437–438SS7, 351–352trunk group route definitions, 436–437

routing keys, 357ISUP definitions, 410ITP configuration, 393–394TCAP/SCCP route definitions, 413TCAP/SCCP routing key definitions, 413

RPM (Route Processor Module) cards, 44-45, 445–449

RPR (router processor redundancy), 911–912RPR+ (router processor redundancy plus),

911–912RQNT (Notification Request) command

(MGCP), 218–219parameters, 217

RR (receiver reports), RTCP, 589RRKS (Record Keeping Servers), 53, 737

defining, 800–801DQoS, 621

RSC (Reset Circuit) messages, ISUP, 355RSIP (ReStart In Progress) command (MGCP),

213–214RSpec (resource descriptions), 636–637RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol)

CODEC flow specification parameters table, 638

DOCSIS service flow conversions to RSVP flow specifications, 653–658

DQoS resource authorization, 635–638flow specification method (gate traffic profiles),

636, 749–751SDP conversions to RSVP flow specifications,

637–638RTCP (Real-time Transport Control Protocol),

841functions of, 589message format, 590–591NCS, 246packet traces, 591–593packet types, 589–590port numbers, 570sc-rtcp LCO parameter, 845, 855security, 855–856

VXSM security, 859X-pc-csuites-rtcp, 845X-pc-secret, 845

RTCP parametersVISM, 609VXSM, 602

RTCP-XR (RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports)

bursts, 595collection function, 593gaps, 595reporting function, 593responding function, 593VoIP extended metrics, 593–596

RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol), 569, 841comfort noise packets, 580Ethereal packet sniffer (CMTS), examining

streams via, 975–976fax relays, 584–589message format, 570

header format, 570payloads, 571–573sequence numbers, 574SSRS (Synchronization Source) parameter,

574–575timestamps, 574

packet sizesCODEC bandwidth constraints, 579G.711 CODEC, 578G.728 CODEC, 578G.729E CODEC, 579

packet traces, 575fax relays, 588G.711 CODEC, 576G.728 CODEC, 576G.729E CODEC, 577

payloads, 580, 583port numbers, 570sc-rtp LCO parameter, 845, 855security, 855–856silence suppression, 580UDP protocol, 569VXSM security, 859X-pc-csuites-rtp, 845X-pc-nrekey, 845X-pc-secret, 845

RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol)

1052

RTPS (Real-Time Polling Services)DOCSIS, 739–741scheduling, 698service flow parameters, 739

Rule Priority field (DOCSIS classifiers), 649

SSA (Security Associations), 844sampling process, 540SBC (Session Border Controllers), 486, 490SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part) layers

BTS 10200 configuration, 413network definitions, 412SS7, 353

SCD (Service Control Domains), 738scope configurations (DHCP), 83SCP (Service Control Points), 348, 351sc-rtcp LCO parameter, 246, 845, 855sc-rtp LCO parameter, 246, 845, 855SCTP (Stream Transport Control Protocol), 356

association definitions, 406–409associations, enabling, 411, 415M3UA protocol, 356parameter definitions, 405SUA protocol, 356

SDES (source description), RTCP, 589, 592–593SDP (Session Description Protocol), 231–233

NCS, 247parameters, 231RSVP flow specifications, converting to,

637–638TGCP, 368troubleshooting, 339

secure method (MTA provisioning), 139configuration information transfers, 152–158eMTA provisioning, 62IP connectivity establishment, 140–142MTA to CMS initialization, 167–169registration, 158–161security establishment, 143–144, 147–149, 152

securityBAC, 846–847BTS 10200 configurations, 847

COPS signaling security, 852–854NCS signaling security, 847–852

RADIUS signaling security, 852–854RTP/RTCP signaling security, 855–856TGCP signaling security, 852–854

call signaling, 218–219capacity planning/traffic engineering, 897CMTS configurations, 859–864HMAC, 844IPsec, 843–845

AH, 843anti-reply, 843data confidentiality, 843data integrity, 843data origin authentication, 843ESP, 844SA, 844transport mode, 844tunnel mode, 844

LCO parametersNCS, 246sc-rtcp, 246, 845, 855sc-rtp, 246, 845, 855TGCP, 367

MTA provisioning, 30, 143–144, 147–149, 152PCMM, 772requirements, 840–841SIP, 490threats

bearer channel information thefts, 842network service thefts, 841–842repudiation, 843service disruption, 843signaling channel information thefts, 842

VXSM configurations, 857–859X-pc-csuites-rtcp, 845X-pc-csuites-rtp, 845X-pc-nrekey, 845X-pc-secret, 845

Security and Privacy (PKT-SP-SEC) specifications, 18

selection tags, 83sequence numbers (RTP message format), 574serial interfaces, ITP configuration, 390Service Activation messages (event messaging),

791service class name method (gate traffic profiles),

750service class names, 741

RTPS (Real-Time Polling Services)

1053

Service Deactivation messages (event messaging), 791

service disruption (security threats), 843Service Flow Identifier (service flow parameters),

644service flow parameters

DOCSISdownstream parameters, 647–648,

656–657generic parameters, 644–645packet assignments, 648–649upstream parameters, 645–647, 654

Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate, 740Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate, 740Nominal Polling Interval, 740Request/Transmission Policy, 739–740Service Flow Scheduling Type, 739Service Identifier, 739Tolerated Poll Jitter, 740Traffic Priority, 740–741

Service Flow Reference service flow parameter, 644

Service Flow Reference/Service Flow Identifier field (DOCSIS classifiers), 649

Service Flow Scheduling Type service flow parameter, 646, 739

Service Identifier service flow parameter, 646, 739

Service Instance messages (event messaging), 791services

assigning associate subscribers, 327defining, 326

session class field (COPS protocol), 632sessions (SIP), 488set ip address command, 921set protection {4/8} command, 921set snmp community read-write command, 921set switchover-group command, 921setrev command, 463SG (Signaling Gateways), 42. See also ITP

BTS 10200 configuration, 402call control route definitions, 410destination point code definitions,

404–405enabling SCTP associations, 411

ISUP network variant definitions, 409ISUP routing key definitions, 410SCTP association definitions, 406–409SCTP parameter definitions, 405SG definitions, 402SG group definitions, 403SG process definitions, 403–404switch origination point code definitions,

404ITP, 42mated pair implementation, 388

ITP configuration, 394, 399, 403–404, 410ITP group implementation versus, 388

redundancy, 927Sigtran protocols

application servers, 357, 393–394ITP configuration, 388–392ITP group implementation, 395, 403M3UA, 356, 392mated pair configuration, 394routing keys, 357, 393–394SCTP, 356SUA, 356, 392web resources, 356

show cable calls command, 699–700show cable modem calls command, 700show cable modem command, 706show cable modem mac-address command, 336show controller cable command, 708show controller cable downstream command, 777show cops servers command, 774show crypto isakmp sa command, 863–864show cs7 group state command, 466show cs7 matched-sg command, 466show hccp command, 921show interface cable command, 708–709

downstream option, 707–708mac-scheduler option, 707service flow option, 702–704upstream option, 706

show interface cable sid command, 704show packetcable gate command, 701

counter option, 701summary option, 701–702

show packetcable gate counter multimedia command, 776

show packetcable global command, 774

show packetcable global command

1054

show radius statistics command, 805show tcp brief command, 699, 774siaddr field, 64Signal Instance messages (event messaging), 791signaling channel information thefts (security

threats), 842signaling gateways. See SG (Signaling Gateways)Signaling Start messages (event messaging), 791Signaling Stop messages (event messaging), 791signals

MGCP, 216–217, 230TGCP, 364–365, 367

Sigtran protocolsapplication servers, 357, 393–394ASP, 357, 392ITP configuration, 388–389

ASP, 392interface definitions, 391M3UA definitions, 356, 392SUA definitions, 356, 392

ITP group implementation, 395routing keys, 357, 393–394SCTP, 356SG mated pair implementation, 394web resources, 356

silence suppression, 689–693. See also VAD (voice activity detection)

MG, 600, 610RTP, 580

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), 483, 486Accept parameter, 494Allow parameter, 494architecture, sample of, 485call flows, 495–505Call-ID parameter, 493CMS, 840CMSS, 483–484

anonymizers, 510BTS 10200, 518BTS 10200, defining destinations,

523–524BTS 10200, defining dial plans, 524BTS 10200, defining trunk group fields,

523BTS 10200, running trunk groups, 522BTS 10200, trunk group fields table,

521–522

BTS 10200, trunk group profile fields table, 518–520

call flows, 513–517device subscriptions, 512DQoS extensions, 509–510INVITE messages, 514–515INVITE method, 512NOTIFY method, 512P-DCS-BILLING-INFO, 511P-DCS-LAES, 511P-DCS-OSPS, 511P-DCS-REDIRECT, 511P-DCS-TRACE-PARTY-ID, 511privacy extensions, 510REFER method, 512REGISTER method, 513Replaces header, 512SUBSCRIBE method, 512tel URI, 512timers, 513troubleshooting, 524–531UPDATE method, 512updating parameters, 512

Contact parameter, 493Content-Length parameter, 494Content-Type parameter, 494Cseq parameter, 493EBP (Exterior Border Proxies), 486error traces

calls not answered, 506–507Do Not Disturb feature, 507DQoS Resource Reservation Failure, 508

From parameter, 493IBP, 486Max-Forwards parameter, 493message bodies, 494message headers, 492–494parameters, table of, 492–494proxy servers, 486, 489Record-Route parameter, 494redirect servers, 489registrar servers, 489Require parameter, 493RFC, 486, 488SBC, 486security, 490sessions, 488

show radius statistics command

1055

SIP-T, 484start lines, 491–492Supported parameter, 493TLS protocol, 489To parameter, 493user agents, 488User-Agent parameter, 494Via parameter, 492

SIP/CMSS-to-ONNET calls, 997SIP-T (Session Initiation Protocol-Telephone),

484SLC (Signaling Link Code), 390SLHR (service logic host routes), 414SML (Service Management Layers), 48sMTA (standalone MTAs), 29SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol),

76–77SNMPv3 (Simple Network Management Protocol

version 3), 840Softswitches. See call agentsSONET (Synchronous Optical Network

Technology), 359OC-1, 359OC-3, 362–364STS-1, 359, 362–363

VT, 360VTG, 360–364

speaker-to-backbone delays (audio CODEC), 552–554

specifications/standardsANSI, 954–956IETF RFC, 949–953ITU, 954–956obtaining, 949PacketCable 1.0, 957–958PacketCable 1.5, 958–960PacketCable Multimedia, 960Telcordia, 954–956

spectrum management, 933–934SR (sender reports), RTCP, 589–591SRM, redundancy (MG), 924SS7 (Signaling System 7)

COT, 383–384ISUP layers

ACM, 355ANM, 355BLA, 355

BLO, 355CGA, 355CGB, 355CGU, 355CGUA, 355GRA, 355GRS, 355IAM, 354REL, 355RES, 355RLC, 355RSC, 355SUS, 355UBA, 355UBL, 355

ITP configuration, 388controllers, 389linksets, 390point codes, 389route tables, 391serial interfaces, 390

link types, 350–351MTP layers, 352–353overview of, 348–350point codes, 349routes, 351–352SCCP layers, 353SCP, 348, 351SG

BTS 10200 configuration, 402–411overview of, 356–357SCTP, 356Sigtran protocols, 356–357

Sigtran protocolsapplication servers, 357, 393–394ASP, 357, 392ITP group implementation, 395M3UA, 356, 392routing keys, 357, 393–394SCTP, 356SG mated pair configuration, 394SUA, 356, 392web resources, 356

SSP, 348routes, 351–352TCAP layers, 353

STP, 348–351

SS7 (Signaling System 7)

1056

TCAP layers, 353TUP layers, 356

sshow packetcable gate command, 774SSP (Service Switching Points), 348, 351–352SSRC (Synchronization Source) parameter,

574–575standard classifiers (PCMM), 748standards/specifications

ANSI, 954–956IETF RFC, 949–953ITU, 954–956obtaining, 949PacketCable 1.0, 957–958PacketCable 1.5, 958–960PacketCable Multimedia, 960Telcordia, 954–956

start lines (SIP), 491–492stateful/stateless proxy servers, 489static payloads, 571–572static resource record configurations, 96status aggr command, 339status commands, 285status dpc id command, 467status sctp-assoc id command, 467status trunk-termination tgn-id command, 467STP (Signaling Transfer Points), 348–351STS-1 (Synchronous Transport Signal - Level 1),

359, 362–363VT, 360VTG, 360–364VXSM/VISM configurations, 455–457

SUA protocol, 356, 392SUBSCRIBE method, 512subscriber identifiers

COPS protocol, 631PCMM, 747

subscribersassigning to features, 327assigning to services, 327configuring characteristics of, 319configuring PacketCable subscribers, 320–321configuring QoS parameters, 316–319

Supported parameter (SIP), 493surveillance (lawful intercept)

AF, 807–814architecture of, 808call details, 807

CCC, 807, 829CDC, 807, 829CF, 807, 815–830CMSS, 814CMTS, 811–812configuring, 830–831DF, 807

AF-DF communication, 809–814DF-CF communication, 815–830

event messaging, 809, 811IAP, 806MG, 813PCESP, 815–818troubleshooting, 832types of, 806

Surveillance Stop messages (event messaging), 791

SUS (Suspend Messages), ISUP, 355suspect with call content tap originates call

(lawful intercept call flow example), 823–825suspect with call content tap receives call (lawful

intercept call flow example), 826–828suspect with call data tap originates call (lawful

intercept call flow example), 819–821suspect with call data tap receives call (lawful

intercept call flow example), 821–822switchovers (routers), 912Synch Options objects (PCMM), 754Synch-Complete messages (PCMM), 746Synch-Report messages (PCMM), 746Sync-Request messages (PCMM), 746syslog (System Logging) protocol, 75–76system redundancy (CMTS), 909–910

TT.38 fax relay standard

parameters, 609RTP, 584–589

T1 trunks, 359T3 timeouts, 117T3 trunks, 359TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application

Part), BTS 10200 configuration, 411enabling SCTP associations, 415enabling subsystems/subsystem groups, 415

SS7 (Signaling System 7)

1057

modifying call agent configurations, 414SCCP network definitions, 412SLHR characteristic definitions, 414SLHR definitions, 414SS7, 353subsystem characteristic definitions, 412subsystem definitions, 412–413TCAP/SCCP route definitions, 413TCAP/SCCP routing key definitions, 413

TDM (time-division multiplexing) circuitstrunks, 359

DS0, 383–384DS1, 359, 364DS3, 359, 364E1, 359E3, 359SONET, 359T1, 359T3, 359

VXSM, enabling in, 453Telcordia specifications, 10, 954–956teletype technology transport, 564templates, message flow templates, 755–771test connection command, 452test packetcable gate create command, 718test packetcable gc client-accept command, 717test packetcable gc gate-alloc command, 717test packetcable gc gate-delete command, 717test packetcable gc gate-info command, 717test packetcable gc gate-set command, 717–718test packetcable gc initiate command, 718testing DQoS via CMTS, 716–718tests, COT, 383–384TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol), 74TGCP (Trunk Gateway Control Protocol), 359

BTS 10200 configuration, 415enabling endpoints, 435–436enabling MG, 434enabling trunk groups, 435endpoint configurations, 425–426MG characteristic configurations,


428–431trunk group configurations, 431–433

trunk group QoS parameter configurations, 426, 428

trunk group route definitions, 436–437trunking MG configurations, 440–463

capacity planning/traffic engineering, 904DS0 trunks, 383–384DS1 trunks, 359, 364DS3 trunks, 359, 364E1 trunks, 359E3 trunks, 359MGP variations, 360, 368

command header formats, 361endpoint naming conventions, 361–364LCO, 367–368package events/signals, 364–367SDP, 368

signaling security, 852–854SONET, 359

OC-1, 359OC-3, 362–364STS-1, 359, 362–363

T1 trunks, 359T3 trunks, 359

three-way calling, 1009NCS role in, 273–284

TIDs (transaction IDs), 210Time Change messages (event messaging), 791time-based usage limit objects (PCMM), 751Timeout for Active QoS Parameters (service flow

parameters), 645Timeout for Admitted QoS Parameters (service

flow parameters), 645timers

DQoS, 635BTS configurations, 719specifying, 697

SIP CMSS, 513timestamps (RTP message format), 574TLS (Transaction Layer Security) protocol

CMS, 840SIP, 489

TLV (Tag/Length/Value) pairsevent messaging, 788–789MTA configuration files, 185

TMN (Telecommunications Management Network), 48

To parameter (SIP), 493

To parameter (SIP)

1058

ToD (Time-of-Day) protocol, 75Tolerated Grant Jitter parameters (service flow

parameters), 647Tolerated Poll Jitter parameters (service flow

parameters), 647, 740tone parameters, 601tone plans, 608traffic engineering, 886

busy hour utilization, 900–901cable linecards, 898call capacities of DOCSIS upstream service

flows, determining, 887–894CMS, 903–904CMTS, 902–903CODEC changes, effects of, 895–896erlang metric, 898–901line usage, 898–901packetization interval changes, effects of,

894–895PHS implementation, effects of, 896–897security implementation, effects of, 897TGCP, 904traffic patterns, 898–901VAD implementation, effects of, 897

traffic patterns (capacity planning/traffic engineering), 898–901

Traffic Priority parameters (service flow parameters), 647

Traffic Priority service flow parameter, 740–741traffic profiles (gates), 749–751traffic statistics, 332–334transaction identifier objects (COPS protocol),

630–631transaction IDs, 744–746transport layer protocols, 356transport mode (IPsec), 844traps and traces, 806troubleshooting

admission control, 932audio CODEC, 559BTS 10200, 327

accessing log files, 329–330auditing media gateways, 330collecting traffic statistics, 332–334dial/ring tones, 337–338displaying billing records, 334–336

displaying EMS database transaction queue, 330

displaying events/alarms, 329displaying running processes, 328–329DNS, 337missing DQoS information, 338–339out of service MTA, 336–337parameter negotiations, 339post dial delays, 339ring back tones, 338running diagnostics, 330–331SDP, 339unestablished DQoS, 338–339validating call routing, 331–332voice paths/one way voice, 338

BTS 10200 CMS, 467–472dial tones, 337–338DNS, 337DQoS on BTS, 338–339, 723–724DQoS on CMTS

cable line card information, displaying, 708–709

COPS protocol issues, 724debugging COPS messages, 712–716debugging DOCSIS dynamic service flow

messages during calls, 709–712debugging DQoS to find admission control

information, 712DOCSIS protocol issues, 726downstream capacity, displaying, 707–708gate deletion, 724–726statistical information on DOCSIS DSX

messages on Downstream Channel, displaying, 708

testing DQoS functionality, 716–718upstream capacity, displaying, 707

event messaging, 804IP connectivity

DHCP, 125–129init(d) state, 123init(io) state, 123–124

ITP, 464–467lawful intercept, 832MTA, 336–337one way voice, 338parameter negotiations, 339PCMM on CMTS, 774–779

ToD (Time-of-Day) protocol

1059

post dial delays, 339ring back tones, 338ring tones, 337–338SDP, 339SIP CMSS, 524–531VISM cards, 472–476voice paths

BTS 10200, 338crackling, 559garbled voice, 559no voice, 559one-way voice, 559robotized voice, 559

VXSM cards, 472–476trunking gateways. See TGCPtrunks, 207, 359

BTS 10200 CMS configuration, 415configuring MG, 440–463enabling endpoints, 435–436enabling MG, 434enabling trunk groups, 435endpoint configurations, 425–426MG characteristic configurations,



configurations, 426–428trunk group route definitions, 436–437

capacity planning/traffic engineering, 904DS0 trunks, 383–384DS1 trunks, 359, 364DS3 trunks, 359, 364E1 trunks, 359E3 trunks, 359naming conventions, 361–364SONET

OC-1, 359OC-3, 362–364STS-1, 359, 362–363

T1 trunks, 359T3 trunks, 359

TSpec (traffic descriptions), 636tstcon commands, 473

tunnel mode (IPsec), 844TUP (Telephony User Part) layers, 356

UUBA (Unblock Acknowledge) messages, ISUP,

355UBL (Unblock) messages, ISUP, 355uBR710012 CMTS (Cable Modem Termination

System), 37–38uBR7246VXR CMTS (Cable Modem

Termination System), 35–37UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

RADIUS, 789RTP, 569

UGS (Unsolicited Grant Services), 645defining

Grants per Interval parameters, 647Nominal Grant Interval parameters, 647Nominal Polling Interval parameters, 647Request/Transmission Policy parameters,

646Service Flow Scheduling Type parameters,

646Service Identifier parameters, 646Tolerated Grant Jitter parameters, 647Tolerated Poll Jitter parameters, 647Unsolicited Grant Size parameters, 647

eMTA QoS, 33UGS-AD (Unsolicited Grant Service with

Activity Detection), 645defining

Grants per Interval parameters, 647Nominal Grant Interval parameters, 647Nominal Polling Interval parameters, 647Request/Transmission Policy parameters,

646Service Flow Scheduling Type parameters,

646Service Identifier parameters, 646Tolerated Grant Jitter parameters, 647Tolerated Poll Jitter parameters, 647Unsolicited Grant Size parameters, 647

DSA-REQ, Ethereal traces, 689Ethereal trace of, 690RTPS scheduling, switching flows to, 698

UGS-AD (Unsolicited Grant Service with Activity Detection)

1060

timing out flows, 698VAD, 689–693

unit numbers, 361unit types, 361Unsolicited Grant Size parameters

(service flow parameters), 647up line command, 453UPDATE method 512uppath command, 456upstream gate specifications, 671URI (Uniform Resource Identifiers), 488user agents, 488User-Agent parameter (SIP), 494

VVAD (voice activity detection), 689–693, 897variables (DQoS), 719–721VBD (Voice Band Data)

analog modem transport, 561–562facsimile transport, 562–563MG

VISM, 609VXSM, 602–604

teletype technology transport, 564verbs, MGCP commands, 210verifying PCMM on CMTS, 774–779version command, 831version info objects (PCMM), 754vertical service codes, 325–326Via parameter (SIP), 492VISM (Voice Interworking Service Module),

45–46, 605active calls, monitoring, 610ATM ports, enabling, 450ATM VC redundancy (MG), 926BERT testing, 610CAS variants, configuring, 452–453CODEC options, configuring, 606–607DTMF relays, configuring, 608dynamic RTP payload types, negotiating, 608echo parameters, adjusting, 608jitter buffers, adjusting, 607–608Operating Mode, 450–455PVC, configuring, 450–452redundancy (MG), 925–926

resources, enabling, 450RTCP parameters, setting, 609Silence Suppression parameters, adjusting, 610T.38 facsimile parameters, configuring, 609tone plans, configuring, 608troubleshooting, 472–476trunking MG configurations in BTS 10200

CMS, 449–455adding CAS endpoints to lines, 458adding DS0 endpoints to lines, 458adding MG to redundancy groups,

462–463configuring line/path parameters, 457domain name configurations, 458domain name IP address configurations,

461domain names/domain name servers

configurations, 460enabling lines, 457IP address configurations, 459xGCP parameters, 463

VBD, detecting, 609vocoders, 543voice interfaces, 458voice packets

header formats, 649, 652–653transmitting, 637

voice paths, troubleshooting, 338, 559voice quality (audio CODEC), 549

ITU E-model, 551MOS (Mean Opinion Score) ratings, 549PAMS, 550PESQ, 551PSQM, 550R-factors, 551

voice quality, maximizing (QoS), 865volume-based usage limit objects (PCMM), 751VTG (virtual tributary groups, 360–364VXSM (Voice Switch Service Module), 45–46, 598

ATM VC redundancy (MG), 926bearer tracing, 605BERT testing, 604CAS variants, configuring, 452–453CODEC options, configuring, 598DTMF relays, configuring, 599echo parameters, adjusting, 600PVC, configuring, 450–452

UGS-AD (Unsolicited Grant Service with Activity Detection)

1061

redundancy (MG), 925–926security configurations, 857–859RTCP parameters, setting, 602silence suppression parameters, adjusting, 600TDM lines, enabling, 453tone parameters, configuring, 601troubleshooting, 472–476trunk naming conventions, 362trunking MG configurations in BTS 10200

CMS, 449–455adding MG to redundancy groups,

462–463configuring line/path parameters, 457domain name configurations, 458domain name IP address configurations,

461domain names/domain name server

configurations, 460enabling lines, 457enabling STS-1 paths, 455–457IP address configurations, 459voice interface definitions, 458xGCP parameters, 463

VBD options, configuring, 602–604

WWAN redundancy (CMTS), 922–923waveform encoders, 543web servers, 735wideband CODEC, 546wildcards

control commands, 285status commands, 285TGCP naming conventions, 364

wiretaps. See also lawful interceptCall Content, 54Call Detail, 53

X-Y-ZxGCP parameters, 463X-pc-csuites-rtcp, 845X-pc-csuites-rtp, 845X-pc-nrekey, 845

X-pc-secret, 845

yiaddr field, 64

zone configurations, 94

zone configurations

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