FOR RELEASE APRIL 4, 2014

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

ON THIS REPORT:

Alan Cooperman, Director of Religion Research

Conrad Hackett, Demographer

Katherine Ritchey, Communications Manager,

Religion & Public Life Project

202.419.4562

www.pewresearch.org/religion

RECOMMENDED CITATION: Pew Research Center, April 2014, “Global Religious Diversity: Half of the Most Religiously Diverse Countries

are in Asia-Pacific Region”

NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD

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Overview

Several years ago, the Pew Research Center produced estimates

of the religious makeup of more than 200 countries and

territories, which it published in the 2012 report “The Global

Religious Landscape.” The effort was part of the Pew-Templeton

Global Religious Futures project, which analyzes religious

change and its impact on societies around the world. As part of

the next phase of this project, Pew Research has produced an

index that ranks each country by its level of religious diversity.

Comparing religious diversity across countries presents many

challenges, starting with the definition of diversity. Social

scientists have conceived of diversity in a variety of ways,

including the degree to which a society is split into distinct

groups; minority group size (in share and/or absolute number);

minority group influence (the degree to which multiple groups

are visible and influential in civil society); and group dominance

(the degree to which one or more groups dominate society). Each

of these approaches can be applied to the study of religious

diversity.1

This study, however, takes a relatively straightforward approach

to religious diversity. It looks at the percentage of each country’s

population that belongs to eight major religious groups, as of

2010.2 The closer a country comes to having equal shares of the

eight groups, the higher its score on a 10-point Religious

Diversity Index.

The choice of which religious groups to include in this study stems from the original research that

was done for “The Global Religious Landscape” report. That study was based on a country-by-

country analysis of data from more than 2,500 national censuses, large-scale surveys and official

population registers that were collected, evaluated and standardized by Pew Research staff and, in

1 See Johnson, Todd M. and Brian J. Grim. 2013. Chapter 3: Religious Diversity. The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to

International Religious Demography. Wiley-Blackwell, pages 93-108. The Pew Research study builds on the methodology developed by

Johnson and Grim, a former senior researcher at the Pew Research Center. 2 Membership in each religious group is based on self-identification. It relies on the number of people around the world who view themselves

as belonging to various religious groups. The study does not attempt to measure the degree to which members of these groups actively

practice their faiths or how religious they are. For definitions of the religious groups, see the Pew Research Center’s December 2012 report

“The Global Religious Landscape.”

Size of Major Religious

Groups, 2010

% of the global population

*Includes followers of African traditional

religions, Chinese folk religions, Native

American religions and Australian

aboriginal religions.

**Includes Baha’is, Jains, Sikhs,

Shintoists, Taoists, followers of Tenrikyo,

Wiccans, Zoroastrians and many other

faiths.

Percentages may not add to 100 due to

rounding.

Source: Pew Research Center, “The Global

Religious Landscape,” December 2012.

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the case of European countries, by researchers at the International Institute for Applied Systems

Analysis (IIASA) in Laxenburg, Austria.

In order to have data that were comparable across many countries, the study focused on five

widely recognized world religions – Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism – that

collectively account for roughly three-quarters of the world’s population. The remainder of the

global population was consolidated into three additional groups: the religiously unaffiliated (those

who say they are atheists, agnostics or nothing in particular); adherents of folk or traditional

religions (including members of African traditional religions, Chinese folk religions, Native

American religions and Australian aboriginal religions); and adherents of other religions (such as

the Baha’i faith, Jainism, Shintoism, Sikhism, Taoism, Tenrikyo, Wicca and Zoroastrianism).

Some efforts to measure religious diversity have attempted to take into account subgroups of the

major religious traditions.3 The main challenge in looking at religious diversity in this way is the

serious data limitations for subgroups within religions other than Christianity. For most countries,

Pew Research was able to generate estimates for four main types of Christians – Catholics,

Protestants, Orthodox and the remainder as an “other” category.4 For some countries with large

Muslim populations, Pew Research has estimated the size of two main subgroups – Sunnis and

Shias – but these are only approximations, expressed in ranges.5 Beyond Christians and Muslims,

cross-national demographic data on religious subgroups are generally not available. For this

reason, the study is limited to the eight major categories described above.

As noted in previous Pew Research reports, some of the faiths that have been consolidated into the

“folk religion” and “other religion” categories have millions of adherents around the world.

However, in the overwhelming majority of countries, these religions are not specifically measured

in censuses, large-scale surveys or population registers.

The Religious Diversity Index is a version of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, which is commonly

used in environmental and business studies to measure the degree of ecological diversity or

market concentration. The main difference is that Religious Diversity Index scores are inverted so

that higher scores indicate higher diversity. (For more details on the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index

and the methods used to calculate the Religious Diversity Index scores, see the Methodology.)

3 See Grim, Brian J., Vegard Skirbekk, and Jesus Crespo Cuaresma. 2013. “Deregulation and Demographic Change: A Key to Understanding

Whether Religious Plurality Leads to Strife.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion volume 9, article 8. 4 See the Pew Research Center’s December 2011 report “Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian

Population.” 5 For more information, see Methodology for Sunni-Shia Estimates in the Pew Research Center’s October 2009 report “Mapping the Global

Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population.”

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The 10-point Religious Diversity Index is divided into four ranges: Countries with scores of 7.0 and

higher (the top 5%) are categorized as having a “very high” degree of religious diversity. Countries

with scores from 5.3 to 6.9 (the next highest 15% of scores) are categorized as having a “high” level

of diversity.6 Countries with scores from 3.1 to 5.2 (the following 20% of scores) are categorized as

having “moderate” diversity, while the rest are categorized as having “low” diversity.

6 In this report, 16% of countries ended up in the “high” category because of tie scores.

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Looking at the percentage of each country’s population that belongs to the eight major religious

categories included in the study, 12 countries have a very high degree of religious diversity. Six of

the 12 are in the Asia-Pacific region (Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam, South Korea, China and Hong

Kong); five are in sub-Saharan Africa (Guinea-Bissau, Togo, Ivory Coast, Benin and Mozambique);

and one is in Latin America and the Caribbean (Suriname). No countries in Europe, North

America or the Middle East-North Africa region have a very high degree of religious diversity as

measured in this study.

Of the 232 countries in the study, Singapore – an island nation of more than 5 million people

situated at the southern tip of Malaysia – has the highest score on the Religious Diversity Index.

About a third of Singapore’s population is Buddhist (34%), while 18% are Christian, 16% are

religiously unaffiliated, 14% are Muslim, 5% are Hindu and <1% are Jewish. The remainder of the

population belongs to folk or traditional religions (2%) or to other religions considered as a group

(10%).

Examples of Countries With Different Levels of Religious Diversity

% of each country’s population that belongs to each of eight major religious groups

Religious groups are ordered from largest to smallest by overall global share. Folk or traditional religionists include followers of African

traditional religions, Chinese folk religions, Native American religions and Australian aboriginal religions. The “Other religions” category

includes Baha’is, Jains, Sikhs, Shintoists, Taoists, followers of Tenrikyo, Wiccans, Zoroastrians and adherents of many other faiths. Figures

may not add to 100% due to rounding. Data are for 2010. For details on how the Religious Diversity Index (RDI) scores are calculated, see the

Methodology.

“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014

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According to the new index, the United States has a moderate level of religious diversity, ranking

68th among the 232 countries and territories included in the study. Counting both adults and

children, Christians constitute a sizable majority of the 2010 U.S. population (78%). Of the seven

other major religious groups, only the religiously unaffiliated claim a substantial share of the U.S.

population (16%).7 All other religious groups combined account for about 5% of Americans. (The

U.S. would register as considerably more diverse if subgroups within Christianity were counted.8)

By contrast, France has a high degree of religious diversity, ranking 25th among the 232 countries.

Christians make up 63% of France’s 2010 population, and two other groups account for sizable

shares: the religiously unaffiliated (28%) and Muslims (8%). Iran, whose population is almost

entirely Muslim, falls into the low diversity category.

To see how all 232 countries scored on the Religious Diversity Index, see Appendix 1.

7 As noted in the text, the figures in this report are for 2010. The Pew Research Center’s latest religious affiliation estimates for the U.S. show

that just under 20% of the adult population is religiously unaffiliated, part of a trend toward disaffiliation that has accelerated over the past

five years. For more information, see the Pew Research Center’s July 2013 report “Growth of the Nonreligious” and October 2012 report

“‘Nones’ on the Rise.” Note, however, that Pew Research surveys include only adults ages 18 and older, while Pew Research demographic

estimates take into account people of all ages. For more details, see “Age Structure Procedures” in the Methodology of the December 2012

report “The Global Religious Landscape.” 8 For more information on the religious breakdown of U.S. adults, see the Pew Research Center’s 2008 report “U.S. Religious Landscape

Survey.”

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Levels of Religious Diversity

Countries are shaded according to level of religious diversity

Based on Religious Diversity Index scores. For more information about how the index is calculated, see the Methodology. Data are for 2010.

“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014

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Religious Diversity by Region

Religious diversity differs substantially by geographic region. Among the six regions analyzed in

this study, the Asia-Pacific region has the highest level of religious diversity, followed by sub-

Saharan Africa. Europe and North America have a moderate level of religious diversity, while the

Latin America-Caribbean and Middle East-North Africa regions have a low degree of religious

diversity.

To see Religious Diversity Index scores for countries and regions, see Appendix 2. That appendix

also includes the percentage of each country’s population that belongs to each of the eight major

religious groups in the study. For more information on the size, share and geographic distribution

of each of the major religious groups, see Pew Research’s 2012 report “The Global Religious

Landscape.”

Religious Diversity Around the World

% of each region’s population that belongs to each of eight major religious groups

Religious groups are ordered from largest to smallest by overall global share. Folk religionists include followers of African traditional religions,

Chinese folk religions, Native American religions and Australian aboriginal religions. The “Other religions” category includes Baha’is, Jains,

Sikhs, Shintoists, Taoists, followers of Tenrikyo, Wiccans, Zoroastrians and adherents of many other faiths. Figures may not add to 100% due

to rounding. Data are for 2010. For details on how the Religious Diversity Index (RDI) scores are calculated, see the Methodology.

“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014

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Methodology

This study calculates Religious Diversity Index (RDI) scores for countries, regions and the world

based on the shares of eight major world religions (Buddhism, Christianity, folk or traditional

religions, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, other religions considered as a group, and the religiously

unaffiliated). The methodology used by Pew Research to calculate the levels of religious diversity

was developed by former senior researcher Brian J. Grim in consultation with other members of

the Pew Research Center staff, building on a methodology that Grim developed with Todd M.

Johnson, director of the Center for the Study of Global Christianity.9

The RDI is a version of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, which is used in various fields to

measure the degree of concentration of human or biological populations as well as organizations.

The main difference is that RDI scores are inverted so that higher scores indicate higher

diversity.10

The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index is a widely accepted measure of concentration used by

biologists, ecologists, linguists, economists, sociologists and demographers. For instance, the U.S.

Department of Justice and the Federal Reserve Board use the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to

evaluate the competitive effects of mergers.11 A variant of the index was introduced as a measure to

describe the diversity of ecological populations and was used in a variety of related studies,

including measuring the diversity of languages spoken in a region.12 Starting in the 1960s, the

index was used to measure population groups, including occupations and religions.13 Sociologists

and other population researchers consider the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index a reliable measure to

describe religious diversity.14

9 See Johnson, Todd M. and Brian J. Grim. 2013. Chapter 3: Religious Diversity. The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to

International Religious Demography. Wiley-Blackwell, pages 93-108. 10 The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), sometimes called the Simpsons Ecological Diversity Index, is named for economists Orris C.

Herfindahl and Albert O. Hirschman, who were the first to use it to measure industry concentration (that is, the extent to which a small number

of companies account for the majority of a given market). See Charles R. Laine. June 22, 1995. “The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index: A

Concentration Measure Taking the Consumer’s Point of View.” Antitrust Bulletin. 11 Calkins, Stephen. 1983. The New Merger Guidelines and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. California Law Review, volume 71, pages 402-

429. Also see Rhoades, Stephen A. 1993. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. Federal Reserve Bulletin, volume 79, pages 188-189. 12 For more information on the use of the index to measure ecological diversity, see Simpson, E.H. 1949. Measurement of Diversity. Nature.

Vol. 163: 688. For more information on the use of the index in measuring linguistic diversity, see Greenberg, Joseph H. 1956. The

Measurement of Linguistic Diversity. Language volume 32, pages 109-115. 13 Gibbs, J.P. and W.T. Martin. 1962. Urbanization, Technology and the Division of Labor. American Sociological Review volume 27, pages

667-677. Also see Lieberson, Stanley. 1969. Measuring Population Diversity. American Sociological Review, volume 34, pages 850-862. 14 See Barro, Robert J. and Rachel M. McCleary. 2003. Religion and Economic Growth Across Countries. American Sociological Review, volume

68, pages 760-781; Iannaccone, Laurence R. 1991. The Consequences of Religious Market Structure. Rationality and Society, volume 3,

pages 156-177; Johnson, Todd M. and Brian J. Grim. 2013. The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious

Demography. Wiley-Blackwell; and Phillips, Rick. 1998. Religious Market Share and Mormon Church Activity. Sociology of Religion, volume 59,

pages 117-130.

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Although the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index is

one of the most commonly used measures of

diversity, there are other measures in use,

including the raw number of different religions

of a certain share or size in a country.15

The Religious Diversity Index (RDI) is

calculated using a three-step procedure. First,

the shares of the eight major religious groups

analyzed in this study are squared and

summed. For example, in a case where the

entire population belongs to one religious

group, the first step results in a score of 10,000

(1002 = 10,000). By contrast, in a case where

the population is equally distributed among the

eight religious groups (12.5% each), the first step would result in a score of 1,250 (12.52 + 12.52 +

12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 + 12.52 = 1,250). This first-

step score of 1,250 represents maximum possible diversity when

eight groups are considered. (See tables to the right and below

for an example of calculating the RDI.)

Second, the first-step score is inverted so that lower scores

reflect lower religious diversity and higher scores reflect higher

religious diversity. To invert the scores, the first-step score is

subtracted from the score representing no religious diversity

(10,000). In the case where the entire population belongs to one

religious group, the score would now become 0 (10,000–

10,000=0). In the case where the population is equally

distributed among the eight religious groups, the score would

now become 8,750 (10,000–1,250=8,750). This inverted second-step score of 8,750 now

represents maximum possible diversity when eight groups are considered.

15 A variety of approaches have been used to gauge the level of diversity in a society. They generally focus on one of five main indicators:

fractionalization (the degree to which a society is split into distinct groups often measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index); minority group

size (in share and/or absolute number); polarization (maximum level is when there are only two groups of equal size); dominance (ranking

based on the size of the largest group); and cleavages or splits (based on the size of the largest and second largest groups). See Johnson,

Todd M. and Brian J. Grim. 2013., Chapter 3: Religious Diversity. The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious

Demography. Wiley-Blackwell, pages 93-108.

Step 1: Calculating the Religious

Diversity Index

Calculating the RDI for the United States

Religion % of country population % squared

Christian 78.3% 6,132.3

Muslim 0.9 0.8

Unaffiliated 16.4 269.8

Hindu 0.6 0.3

Buddhist 1.2 1.3

Folk religions 0.2 0.0

Other religions 0.6 0.4

Jewish 1.8 3.4

Total 100 6,408.3

Figures are calculated based on unrounded numbers and are

displayed rounded to the nearest tenth.

“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014

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Step 2: Calculating the

Religious Diversity Index

Calculating the RDI for the United

States

10,000

-6,408.3

3,591.7

Figures are calculated based on unrounded

numbers and are displayed rounded to the

nearest tenth.

“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014

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Third, the second-step score is divided by 875 to put the final

Religious Diversity Index on a 0-10 scale. In the case where the

entire population belongs to one religious group, the score would

remain 0 (0/875=0). But in the case where the population is

equally distributed among the eight major religious groups, the

score would now become 10 (8,750/875=10).

Step 3: Calculating the

Religious Diversity Index

Calculating the RDI for the United

States

3,591.7

÷875

4.1

Figures are calculated based on unrounded

numbers and are displayed rounded to the

nearest tenth.

“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014

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The Religious Diversity Index

is divided into four ranges:

very high (the top 5% of

scores), high (the next highest

15% of scores, which works out

to 16% because of tie scores),

moderate (the next 20% of

scores) and low (the bottom

59% of scores). Readers

should note that since the RDI

measures the level of religious

diversity based on the shares

of eight religious groups, there

is no precise breakpoint for

the levels based on the size of

the largest group.

Nevertheless, some

generalizations are possible. In

countries with very high

diversity, the largest religious

group usually makes up no

more than 50% of the

population and at least two

other religious groups each

account for 10% or more of the

population. In countries with

high religious diversity, the

largest religious group

generally accounts for less

than 70% of the population

and two or more groups

account for most of the remainder. In countries with moderate religious diversity, the largest

religion usually accounts for 70-85% of the population, while the remainder of the population

tends to belong to one other religion. And in countries with low religious diversity, the largest

group typically accounts for more than 85% of the population.

Religious Diversity Index Score Levels

Number of countries with Religious Diversity Index scores at each level

Based on Religious Diversity Index scores. For more information about how the index is

calculated, see the Methodology.

“Global Religious Diversity,” April 2014

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This new Pew Research study uses its estimates from the December 2012 report “The Global

Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Major Religious Groups

as of 2010” to analyze religious diversity in 232 countries and territories for the year 2010. The

study includes estimates for Christians, Muslims, the religiously unaffiliated, Hindus, Buddhists,

folk religionists, adherents of other religions and Jews. Taken together, these eight major religious

groups comprise the world’s total population.

As part of the Global Religious Landscape report, Pew Research staff acquired and analyzed

religious composition information from about 2,500 data sources, including censuses,

demographic surveys, general population surveys and other studies – the largest project of its kind

to date.16 Censuses were the primary source for Pew Research’s religious composition estimates in

90 countries, which together cover 45% of all people in the world. Large-scale demographic

surveys were the primary sources for an additional 43 countries, representing 12% of the global

population. General population surveys were the primary source of data for an additional 42

countries, representing 37% of the global population.

Together, censuses or surveys provided estimates for 175 countries representing 95% of the world’s

population. In the remaining 57 countries, representing 5% of the world’s population, the primary

sources for the religious-composition estimates include population registers and institutional

membership statistics reported in the World Religion Database and other sources.

The measure of religious identity in this study is sociological rather than theological. In order to

have statistics that are comparable across countries, the study attempts to count individuals who

self-identify with each religion. This includes people who hold beliefs that may be viewed as

unorthodox or heretical by others who claim the same religion. It also includes people who do not

regularly practice the behaviors prescribed by their religion, such as those who seldom pray or

attend worship services.

For more information, see the Methodology of the Global Religious Landscape report. A list of the

primary sources used to estimate the overall religious composition of each country is provided in

Appendix B (PDF) of that report.

16 Population figures used in this report and the 2012 Global Religious Landscape report may differ slightly from figures available on the

Global Religious Futures project’s website. The website is periodically updated to reflect more recent or higher-quality data as they become

available.

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Geographic distribution and/or segregation are important aspect of diversity. For instance, a

recent analysis of census data indicates that even though racial diversity is increasing in the United

States, it is rare to see highly diverse neighborhoods because segregation is still a common

phenomenon.17 However, religious diversity at the subnational or neighborhood level is not

estimated in this study primarily because of a lack of data at this level for almost every country in

the world.

This report groups 232 countries and territories into six major regions: Asia and the Pacific,

Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, North America and

sub-Saharan Africa. Some previous Pew Research reports including “Global Christianity: A Report

on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population” and “The Future of the Global

Muslim Population” grouped the world into five regions, with an Americas region that included

both North America and Latin America and the Caribbean.

The 60 countries and territories in the Asia and the Pacific region are: Afghanistan, American

Samoa, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma (Myanmar),

Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Cyprus, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia,

Guam, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Macau,

Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Zealand,

Niue, North Korea, Northern Mariana Islands, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the

Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan,

Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,

Vietnam and Wallis and Futuna.

The 50 countries and territories in Europe are: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium,

Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Faeroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

Isle of Man, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova,

Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Macedonia, Romania,

Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United

Kingdom and Vatican City.

17 See Holloway, Steven R., Richard Wright and Mark Ellis. 2012. The Racially Fragmented City? Neighborhood Racial Segregation and

Diversity Jointly Considered. The Professional Geographer, volume 64, issue 1, pages 63-82.

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The 46 countries and territories in Latin America and the Caribbean are: Anguilla, Antigua and

Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, British Virgin Islands,

Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El

Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana,

Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua,

Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the

Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands,

Uruguay and Venezuela.

The 20 countries and territories of the Middle East and North Africa are: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt,

Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, the Palestinian territories, Qatar,

Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Western Sahara and Yemen.

The five countries and territories of North America are: Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, St. Pierre

and Miquelon and the United States.

The 51 countries and territories of sub-Saharan Africa are: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina

Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic

Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo,

Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South

Africa, South Sudan, St. Helena, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Trinidad and Tobago 5.8 Kuwait 4.8

Fiji 5.8 Brunei 4.8

Singapore 9.0 Qatar 5.7 Belarus 4.7

Taiwan 8.2 Belgium 5.7 Ghana 4.7

Vietnam 7.7 Uruguay 5.7 Cyprus 4.6

Suriname 7.6 Tanzania 5.7 Bermuda 4.6

Guinea-Bissau 7.5 Guyana 5.7 Gabon 4.5

Togo 7.5 Latvia 5.7 Israel 4.5

Ivory Coast 7.4 Republic of Macedonia 5.6 Bhutan 4.5

South Korea 7.4 Australia 5.6 United Arab Emirates 4.4

China 7.3 Sri Lanka 5.6 Jamaica 4.3

Hong Kong 7.2 Ethiopia 5.6 Nauru 4.1

Benin 7.2 Estonia 5.5 Czech Republic 4.1

Mozambique 7.0 Lebanon 5.5 United States 4.1

Bahrain 5.4 Montenegro 4.0

Sweden 5.4 Slovenia 4.0

Eritrea 5.4 Burma (Myanmar) 4.0

Laos 5.4 Sierra Leone 4.0

Macau 6.8 Cameroon 5.3 India 4.0

Mauritius 6.7 Canada 5.3 Spain 3.9

Cuba 6.5 Germany 5.3 Nepal 3.8

Mongolia 6.5 North Korea 5.3 Austria 3.8

Netherlands 6.4 Northern Mariana Islands 3.7

Malaysia 6.3 Albania 3.7

Burkina Faso 6.2 Switzerland 3.7

Japan 6.2 South Africa 3.6

New Zealand 6.2 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 5.1 Hungary 3.5

Chad 6.0 United Kingdom 5.1 Sao Tome and Principe 3.5

South Sudan 6.0 Kazakhstan 5.0 Bulgaria 3.5

Bosnia-Herzegovina 6.0 Botswana 5.0 Finland 3.5

France 5.9 Luxembourg 4.9 Malawi 3.4

Nigeria 5.9 Russia 4.9 Cayman Islands 3.3

ModerateSCORES FROM 3.1 TO 5.2

SCORES FROM 5.3 TO 6.9

Appendix 1: Religious Diversity Index

The following table shows all 232 countries and territories in descending order of their scores on the Pew Research Center's

index of religious diversity. This study calculates Religious Diversity Index (RDI) scores for countries, regions and the

world based on the shares of eight major world religions (Buddhists, Christians, folk religions, Hindus, Jews, Muslims,

other religions considered as a group, and the religiously unaffiliated). The index is on a scale from 0-10, with 10 being

maximum possible diversity if each of the eight groups constitutes an equal share the population. The RDI is divided into

four ranges: very high (the top 5% of scores), high (the next highest 15% of scores, which works out to 16% because of tie

scores), moderate (the next 20% of scores) and low (the bottom 59% of scores). Data are for 2010.

Very HighSCORES 7.0 AND HIGHER

High

15 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

Italy 3.3 Anguilla 2.0 Niue 0.8

Denmark 3.3 Sudan 2.0 Pakistan 0.8

French Guiana 3.2 Costa Rica 1.9 Martinique 0.8

British Virgin Islands 3.2 St. Lucia 1.9 St. Helena 0.8

Ukraine 3.1 Burundi 1.8 Grenada 0.8

Guinea 3.1 San Marino 1.8 Libya 0.7

Kenya 3.1 Liechtenstein 1.7 Tuvalu 0.7

Norway 3.1 Aruba 1.7 Tajikistan 0.7

Isle of Man 3.1 Ireland 1.7 Puerto Rico 0.7

Turks and Caicos Islands 1.7 Uzbekistan 0.7

Mali 1.6 Samoa 0.7

Serbia 1.6 Lesotho 0.7

Colombia 1.6 Djibouti 0.7

Madagascar 3.0 Philippines 1.6 Cambodia 0.7

New Caledonia 3.0 Syria 1.6 Azerbaijan 0.7

Argentina 3.0 Saudi Arabia 1.5 Paraguay 0.7

Oman 2.9 Antigua and Barbuda 1.5 Kiribati 0.7

Channel Islands 2.9 Panama 1.5 Malta 0.7

Republic of the Congo 2.9 Turkmenistan 1.5 Jordan 0.6

Slovakia 2.9 Thailand 1.5 Solomon Islands 0.6

Nicaragua 2.8 Vanuatu 1.5 Moldova 0.6

Liberia 2.8 Rwanda 1.4 Wallis and Futuna 0.6

Monaco 2.8 Croatia 1.4 Marshall Islands 0.6

Palau 2.7 Montserrat 1.4 Namibia 0.6

Zimbabwe 2.7 Portugal 1.4 Palestinian territories 0.5

Uganda 2.7 Netherlands Antilles 1.3 Zambia 0.5

Haiti 2.7 Bolivia 1.3 Algeria 0.5

Indonesia 2.6 Seychelles 1.3 Turkey 0.4

Kosovo 2.6 French Polynesia 1.3 Faeroe Islands 0.4

Reunion 2.6 Guam 1.3 Comoros 0.4

Belize 2.6 Ecuador 1.3 American Samoa 0.4

Honduras 2.5 Dominica 1.2 Maldives 0.4

Greece 2.5 Poland 1.2 Niger 0.4

Swaziland 2.4 St. Kitts and Nevis 1.2 Armenia 0.3

Dominican Republic 2.4 St. Pierre and Miquelon 1.2 Mayotte 0.3

Kyrgyzstan 2.4 U.S. Virgin Islands 1.1 Tonga 0.3

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2.4 Egypt 1.1 Iraq 0.2

El Salvador 2.4 Iceland 1.1 Yemen 0.2

Equatorial Guinea 2.4 Guatemala 1.1 Mauritania 0.2

Gibraltar 2.4 Gambia 1.1 Papua New Guinea 0.2

Georgia 2.3 Barbados 1.1 Western Sahara 0.1

Brazil 2.3 Mexico 1.1 Iran 0.1

Cape Verde 2.3 Federated States of Micronesia 1.0 Romania 0.1

Chile 2.2 Peru 1.0 Tunisia 0.1

Central African Republic 2.2 Dem. Rep. of the Congo 0.9 Timor-Leste 0.1

Andorra 2.2 Guadeloupe 0.9 Afghanistan 0.1

Venezuela 2.2 Cook Islands 0.9 Somalia 0.1

Bangladesh 2.1 Bahamas 0.9 Tokelau 0.0

Lithuania 2.1 Greenland 0.9 Morocco 0.0

Angola 2.0 Senegal 0.8 Vatican City 0.0

Religious Diversity Index (cont.)

LowSCORES FROM 0 to 3.0

16 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

Appendix 2: Religious Diversity Index Scores and Religious Adherents by Region and Country

COUNTRY RDIPERCENT

CHRISTIANPERCENT MUSLIM

PERCENT UNAFFIL.

PERCENT HINDU

PERCENT BUDDHIST

PERCENT FOLK

RELIGION

PERCENT OTHER

RELIGIONPERCENT

JEWISH

2010 COUNTRY

POPULATION

Afghanistan 0.1 0.1 % 99.7 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % 31,410,000

Albania 3.7 18.0 80.3 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 3,200,000

Algeria 0.5 0.2 97.9 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 35,470,000

American Samoa 0.4 98.3 < 0.1 0.7 < 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 < 0.1 70,000

Andorra 2.2 89.5 0.8 8.8 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 0.3 80,000

Angola 2.0 90.5 0.2 5.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 19,080,000

Anguilla 2.0 90.6 0.3 4.0 0.4 < 0.1 2.9 1.6 0.1 20,000

Antigua and Barbuda 1.5 93.0 0.6 1.7 0.2 < 0.1 3.6 1.0 < 0.1 90,000

Argentina 3.0 85.2 1.0 12.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.5 40,410,000

Armenia 0.3 98.5 < 0.1 1.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 3,090,000

Aruba 1.7 91.9 0.2 6.0 < 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.4 110,000

Australia 5.6 67.3 2.4 24.2 1.4 2.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 22,270,000

Austria 3.8 80.4 5.4 13.5 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.1 0.2 8,390,000

Azerbaijan 0.7 3.0 96.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,190,000

Bahamas 0.9 96.0 0.1 3.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.3 < 0.1 340,000

Bahrain 5.4 14.5 70.3 1.9 9.8 2.5 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 1,260,000

Bangladesh 2.1 0.2 89.8 < 0.1 9.1 0.5 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 148,690,000

Barbados 1.1 95.2 1.0 1.9 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 < 0.1 270,000

Belarus 4.7 71.2 0.2 28.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,600,000

Belgium 5.7 64.2 5.9 29.0 < 0.1 0.2 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 10,710,000

Belize 2.6 87.6 0.1 8.9 0.2 0.5 1.5 0.1 1.0 310,000

Benin 7.2 53.0 23.8 5.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 18.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 8,850,000

Bermuda 4.6 75.0 1.1 19.4 < 0.1 0.5 3.0 0.8 0.3 60,000

Bhutan 4.5 0.5 0.2 < 0.1 22.6 74.7 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 730,000

Bolivia 1.3 93.9 < 0.1 4.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 1.0 < 0.1 9,930,000

Bosnia-Herzegovina 6.0 52.3 45.2 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 3,760,000

Botswana 5.0 72.1 0.4 20.6 0.3 < 0.1 6.0 0.6 < 0.1 2,010,000

Brazil 2.3 88.9 < 0.1 7.9 < 0.1 0.1 2.8 0.2 < 0.1 194,950,000

British Virgin Islands 3.2 84.5 1.2 3.9 1.2 < 0.1 8.4 0.8 < 0.1 20,000

Brunei 4.8 9.4 75.1 0.4 0.3 8.6 6.2 0.1 < 0.1 400,000

Bulgaria 3.5 82.1 13.7 4.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 7,490,000

Burkina Faso 6.2 22.5 61.6 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 15.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 16,470,000

Burma (Myanmar) 4.0 7.8 4.0 0.5 1.7 80.1 5.8 0.2 < 0.1 47,960,000

Burundi 1.8 91.5 2.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 8,380,000

Cambodia 0.7 0.4 2.0 0.2 < 0.1 96.9 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 14,140,000

Cameroon 5.3 70.3 18.3 5.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 3.3 2.7 < 0.1 19,600,000

Canada 5.3 69.0 2.1 23.7 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.0 34,020,000

Cape Verde 2.3 89.1 0.1 9.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.5 0.2 < 0.1 500,000

Cayman Islands 3.3 83.5 0.4 9.4 0.9 < 0.1 4.5 0.6 0.8 60,000

17 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

COUNTRY RDIPERCENT

CHRISTIANPERCENT MUSLIM

PERCENT UNAFFIL.

PERCENT HINDU

PERCENT BUDDHIST

PERCENT FOLK

RELIGION

PERCENT OTHER

RELIGIONPERCENT

JEWISH

2010 COUNTRY

POPULATION

Central African Republic 2.2 89.5 8.5 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,400,000

Chad 6.0 40.6 55.3 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 11,230,000

Channel Islands 2.9 85.2 < 0.1 14.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 150,000

Chile 2.2 89.4 < 0.1 8.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.5 0.2 0.1 17,110,000

China 7.3 5.1 1.8 52.2 < 0.1 18.2 21.9 0.7 < 0.1 1,341,340,000

Colombia 1.6 92.5 < 0.1 6.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 46,290,000

Comoros 0.4 0.5 98.3 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 730,000

Cook Islands 0.9 96.0 < 0.1 3.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 20,000

Costa Rica 1.9 90.9 < 0.1 7.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.3 < 0.1 4,660,000

Croatia 1.4 93.4 1.4 5.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,400,000

Cuba 6.5 59.2 < 0.1 23.0 0.2 < 0.1 17.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 11,260,000

Cyprus 4.6 73.2 25.3 1.2 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1,100,000

Czech Republic 4.1 23.3 < 0.1 76.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 10,490,000

Dem. Rep. of the Congo 0.9 95.8 1.5 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.7 0.1 < 0.1 65,970,000

Denmark 3.3 83.5 4.1 11.8 0.4 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,550,000

Djibouti 0.7 2.3 96.9 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 890,000

Dominica 1.2 94.4 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 0.1 3.0 1.7 < 0.1 70,000

Dominican Republic 2.4 88.0 < 0.1 10.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 0.1 < 0.1 9,930,000

Ecuador 1.3 94.1 < 0.1 5.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 14,460,000

Egypt 1.1 5.1 94.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 81,120,000

El Salvador 2.4 88.2 < 0.1 11.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.3 < 0.1 6,190,000

Equatorial Guinea 2.4 88.7 4.0 5.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.5 < 0.1 700,000

Eritrea 5.4 62.9 36.6 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,250,000

Estonia 5.5 39.9 0.2 59.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 1,340,000

Ethiopia 5.6 62.8 34.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 82,950,000

Faeroe Islands 0.4 98.0 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 50,000

Falkland Is. (Malvinas) 5.1 67.2 0.3 31.5 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 10,000

Fed. States of Micronesia 1.0 95.3 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 0.4 2.7 0.7 < 0.1 110,000

Fiji 5.8 64.4 6.3 0.8 27.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 860,000

Finland 3.5 81.6 0.8 17.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,360,000

France 5.9 63.0 7.5 28.0 < 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 62,790,000

French Guiana 3.2 84.4 0.9 3.4 1.6 < 0.1 9.1 0.5 < 0.1 230,000

French Polynesia 1.3 94.0 < 0.1 4.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.4 < 0.1 270,000

Gabon 4.5 76.5 11.2 5.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 6.0 0.7 < 0.1 1,510,000

Gambia 1.1 4.5 95.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1,730,000

Georgia 2.3 88.5 10.7 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,350,000

Germany 5.3 68.7 5.8 24.7 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 0.1 0.3 82,300,000

Ghana 4.7 74.9 15.8 4.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.9 0.2 < 0.1 24,390,000

Gibraltar 2.4 88.8 4.0 2.9 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 2.1 30,000

Greece 2.5 88.1 5.3 6.1 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 11,360,000

18 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

COUNTRY RDIPERCENT

CHRISTIANPERCENT MUSLIM

PERCENT UNAFFIL.

PERCENT HINDU

PERCENT BUDDHIST

PERCENT FOLK

RELIGION

PERCENT OTHER

RELIGIONPERCENT

JEWISH

2010 COUNTRY

POPULATION

Greenland 0.9 96.1 < 0.1 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.6 < 0.1 60,000

Grenada 0.8 96.6 0.3 1.0 0.7 < 0.1 1.3 0.2 < 0.1 100,000

Guadeloupe 0.9 95.9 0.4 2.5 0.5 < 0.1 0.4 0.4 < 0.1 460,000

Guam 1.3 94.2 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 1.1 1.5 1.6 < 0.1 180,000

Guatemala 1.1 95.2 < 0.1 4.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 14,390,000

Guinea 3.1 10.9 84.4 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,980,000

Guinea-Bissau 7.5 19.7 45.1 4.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 30.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 1,520,000

Guyana 5.7 66.0 6.4 2.0 24.9 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 < 0.1 750,000

Haiti 2.7 86.9 < 0.1 10.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.2 0.3 < 0.1 9,990,000

Honduras 2.5 87.6 0.1 10.5 < 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.6 < 0.1 7,600,000

Hong Kong 7.2 14.3 1.8 56.1 0.4 13.2 12.8 1.5 < 0.1 7,050,000

Hungary 3.5 81.0 < 0.1 18.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 9,980,000

Iceland 1.1 95.0 0.2 3.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 < 0.1 320,000

India 4.0 2.5 14.4 < 0.1 79.5 0.8 0.5 2.3 < 0.1 1,224,610,000

Indonesia 2.6 9.9 87.2 < 0.1 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 239,870,000

Iran 0.1 0.2 99.5 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 73,970,000

Iraq 0.2 0.8 99.0 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 31,670,000

Ireland 1.7 92.0 1.1 6.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,470,000

Isle of Man 3.1 84.1 0.2 15.4 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 80,000

Israel 4.5 2.0 18.6 3.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 75.6 7,420,000

Italy 3.3 83.3 3.7 12.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 60,550,000

Ivory Coast 7.4 44.1 37.5 8.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 10.2 0.2 < 0.1 19,740,000

Jamaica 4.3 77.2 < 0.1 17.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.5 1.0 < 0.1 2,740,000

Japan 6.2 1.6 0.2 57.0 < 0.1 36.2 0.4 4.7 < 0.1 126,540,000

Jordan 0.6 2.2 97.2 < 0.1 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 6,190,000

Kazakhstan 5.0 24.8 70.4 4.2 < 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 16,030,000

Kenya 3.1 84.8 9.7 2.5 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 1.2 < 0.1 40,510,000

Kiribati 0.7 97.0 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.2 < 0.1 100,000

Kosovo 2.6 11.4 87.0 1.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,080,000

Kuwait 4.8 14.3 74.1 < 0.1 8.5 2.8 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 2,740,000

Kyrgyzstan 2.4 11.4 88.0 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,330,000

Laos 5.4 1.5 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 66.0 30.7 0.7 < 0.1 6,200,000

Latvia 5.7 55.8 0.1 43.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 2,250,000

Lebanon 5.5 38.3 61.3 0.3 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,230,000

Lesotho 0.7 96.8 < 0.1 3.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,170,000

Liberia 2.8 85.9 12.0 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 0.1 < 0.1 3,990,000

Libya 0.7 2.7 96.6 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 6,360,000

Liechtenstein 1.7 91.9 5.0 2.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 40,000

Lithuania 2.1 89.8 < 0.1 10.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 3,320,000

Luxembourg 4.9 70.4 2.3 26.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.1 510,000

19 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

COUNTRY RDIPERCENT

CHRISTIANPERCENT MUSLIM

PERCENT UNAFFIL.

PERCENT HINDU

PERCENT BUDDHIST

PERCENT FOLK

RELIGION

PERCENT OTHER

RELIGIONPERCENT

JEWISH

2010 COUNTRY

POPULATION

Macau 6.8 7.2 0.2 15.4 < 0.1 17.3 58.9 1.0 < 0.1 540,000

Madagascar 3.0 85.3 3.0 6.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 20,710,000

Malawi 3.4 82.7 13.0 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 14,900,000

Malaysia 6.3 9.4 63.7 0.7 6.0 17.7 2.3 0.2 < 0.1 28,400,000

Maldives 0.4 0.4 98.4 < 0.1 0.3 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 320,000

Mali 1.6 3.2 92.4 2.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 15,370,000

Malta 0.7 97.0 0.2 2.5 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 420,000

Marshall Islands 0.6 97.5 < 0.1 1.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.8 < 0.1 50,000

Martinique 0.8 96.5 0.2 2.3 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 0.6 < 0.1 410,000

Mauritania 0.2 0.3 99.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 3,460,000

Mauritius 6.7 25.3 16.7 0.6 56.4 < 0.1 0.7 0.3 < 0.1 1,300,000

Mayotte 0.3 0.7 98.6 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 200,000

Mexico 1.1 95.1 < 0.1 4.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 113,420,000

Moldova 0.6 97.4 0.6 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 3,570,000

Monaco 2.8 86.0 0.4 11.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 1.7 40,000

Mongolia 6.5 2.3 3.2 35.9 < 0.1 55.1 3.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,760,000

Montenegro 4.0 78.1 18.7 3.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 630,000

Montserrat 1.4 93.5 < 0.1 4.8 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 1.5 < 0.1 < 10,000

Morocco 0.0 < 0.1 99.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 31,950,000

Mozambique 7.0 56.7 18.0 17.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 7.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 23,390,000

Namibia 0.6 97.5 0.3 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,280,000

Nauru 4.1 79.0 < 0.1 4.5 < 0.1 1.1 8.1 7.4 < 0.1 10,000

Nepal 3.8 0.5 4.6 0.3 80.7 10.3 3.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 29,960,000

Netherlands 6.4 50.6 6.0 42.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 16,610,000

Netherlands Antilles 1.3 93.9 0.2 3.3 0.2 0.5 1.2 0.3 0.3 200,000

New Caledonia 3.0 85.2 2.8 10.4 < 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.8 < 0.1 250,000

New Zealand 6.2 57.0 1.2 36.6 2.1 1.6 0.5 0.7 0.2 4,370,000

Nicaragua 2.8 85.8 < 0.1 12.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 5,790,000

Niger 0.4 0.8 98.4 0.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 15,510,000

Nigeria 5.9 49.3 48.8 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 158,420,000

Niue 0.8 96.4 < 0.1 3.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 10,000

North Korea 5.3 2.0 < 0.1 71.3 < 0.1 1.5 12.3 12.9 < 0.1 24,350,000

Northern Mariana Is. 3.7 81.3 0.7 1.0 < 0.1 10.6 5.3 1.1 < 0.1 60,000

Norway 3.1 84.7 3.7 10.1 0.5 0.6 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 4,880,000

Oman 2.9 6.5 85.9 0.2 5.5 0.8 < 0.1 1.0 < 0.1 2,780,000

Pakistan 0.8 1.6 96.4 < 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 173,590,000

Palau 2.7 86.7 < 0.1 1.2 < 0.1 0.8 0.8 10.4 < 0.1 20,000

Palestinian territories 0.5 2.4 97.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 4,040,000

Panama 1.5 93.0 0.7 4.8 < 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 3,520,000

Papua New Guinea 0.2 99.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 0.2 < 0.1 6,860,000

20 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

COUNTRY RDIPERCENT

CHRISTIANPERCENT MUSLIM

PERCENT UNAFFIL.

PERCENT HINDU

PERCENT BUDDHIST

PERCENT FOLK

RELIGION

PERCENT OTHER

RELIGIONPERCENT

JEWISH

2010 COUNTRY

POPULATION

Paraguay 0.7 96.9 < 0.1 1.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.2 < 0.1 6,450,000

Peru 1.0 95.5 < 0.1 3.0 < 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.3 < 0.1 29,080,000

Philippines 1.6 92.6 5.5 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.5 0.1 < 0.1 93,260,000

Poland 1.2 94.3 < 0.1 5.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 38,280,000

Portugal 1.4 93.8 0.6 4.4 0.1 0.6 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 10,680,000

Puerto Rico 0.7 96.7 < 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.1 < 0.1 3,750,000

Qatar 5.7 13.8 67.7 0.9 13.8 3.1 < 0.1 0.7 < 0.1 1,760,000

Republic of Macedonia 5.6 59.3 39.3 1.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,060,000

Republic of the Congo 2.9 85.9 1.2 9.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.8 1.1 < 0.1 4,040,000

Reunion 2.6 87.6 4.2 2.0 4.5 0.2 0.4 1.1 < 0.1 850,000

Romania 0.1 99.5 0.3 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 21,490,000

Russia 4.9 73.3 10.0 16.2 < 0.1 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 142,960,000

Rwanda 1.4 93.4 1.8 3.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 0.2 < 0.1 10,620,000

Samoa 0.7 96.8 < 0.1 2.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 180,000

San Marino 1.8 91.6 < 0.1 7.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 0.3 30,000

Sao Tome and Principe 3.5 82.2 < 0.1 12.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.9 2.4 < 0.1 170,000

Saudi Arabia 1.5 4.4 93.0 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 < 0.1 27,450,000

Senegal 0.8 3.6 96.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 12,430,000

Serbia 1.6 92.5 4.2 3.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 7,770,000

Seychelles 1.3 94.0 1.1 2.1 2.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 90,000

Sierra Leone 4.0 20.9 78.0 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,870,000

Singapore 9.0 18.2 14.3 16.4 5.2 33.9 2.3 9.7 < 0.1 5,090,000

Slovakia 2.9 85.3 0.2 14.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,460,000

Slovenia 4.0 78.4 3.6 18.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 2,030,000

Solomon Islands 0.6 97.4 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.7 < 0.1 540,000

Somalia 0.1 < 0.1 99.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,330,000

South Africa 3.6 81.2 1.7 14.9 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 50,130,000

South Korea 7.4 29.4 0.2 46.4 < 0.1 22.9 0.8 0.2 < 0.1 48,180,000

South Sudan 6.0 60.5 6.2 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 32.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 9,950,000

Spain 3.9 78.6 2.1 19.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 46,080,000

Sri Lanka 5.6 7.3 9.8 < 0.1 13.6 69.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 20,860,000

St. Helena 0.8 96.5 < 0.1 3.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 10,000

St. Kitts and Nevis 1.2 94.6 0.3 1.6 1.5 < 0.1 1.3 0.8 < 0.1 50,000

St. Lucia 1.9 91.1 0.1 6.0 0.3 < 0.1 0.5 2.0 < 0.1 170,000

St. Pierre and Miquelon 1.2 94.7 0.2 3.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.3 < 0.1 < 10,000

St. Vincent and the Gren. 2.4 88.7 1.5 2.5 3.4 < 0.1 2.0 2.0 < 0.1 110,000

Sudan 2.0 5.4 90.7 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 33,600,000

Suriname 7.6 51.6 15.2 5.4 19.8 0.6 5.3 1.8 0.2 520,000

Swaziland 2.4 88.1 0.2 10.1 0.1 < 0.1 1.0 0.4 < 0.1 1,190,000

Sweden 5.4 67.2 4.6 27.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 9,380,000

21 PEW RESEARCH CENTER

COUNTRY RDIPERCENT

CHRISTIANPERCENT MUSLIM

PERCENT UNAFFIL.

PERCENT HINDU

PERCENT BUDDHIST

PERCENT FOLK

RELIGION

PERCENT OTHER

RELIGIONPERCENT

JEWISH

2010 COUNTRY

POPULATION

Switzerland 3.7 81.3 5.5 11.9 0.4 0.4 < 0.1 0.1 0.3 7,660,000

Syria 1.6 5.2 92.8 2.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 20,410,000

Taiwan 8.2 5.5 < 0.1 12.7 < 0.1 21.3 44.2 16.2 < 0.1 23,220,000

Tajikistan 0.7 1.6 96.7 1.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 6,880,000

Tanzania 5.7 61.4 35.2 1.4 0.1 < 0.1 1.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 44,840,000

Thailand 1.5 0.9 5.5 0.3 0.1 93.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 69,120,000

Timor-Leste 0.1 99.6 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1,120,000

Togo 7.5 43.7 14.0 6.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 35.6 0.6 < 0.1 6,030,000

Tokelau 0.0 99.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 10,000

Tonga 0.3 98.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.9 < 0.1 100,000

Trinidad and Tobago 5.8 65.9 5.9 1.9 22.7 0.3 1.9 1.4 < 0.1 1,340,000

Tunisia 0.1 0.2 99.5 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 10,480,000

Turkey 0.4 0.4 98.0 1.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 72,750,000

Turkmenistan 1.5 6.4 93.0 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 5,040,000

Turks and Caicos Islands 1.7 92.1 < 0.1 4.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 2.7 0.6 < 0.1 40,000

Tuvalu 0.7 96.7 0.1 1.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 < 10,000

Uganda 2.7 86.7 11.5 0.5 0.3 < 0.1 0.9 0.1 < 0.1 33,420,000

Ukraine 3.1 83.8 1.2 14.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.1 45,450,000

United Arab Emirates 4.4 12.6 76.9 1.1 6.6 2.0 < 0.1 0.8 < 0.1 7,510,000

United Kingdom 5.1 71.1 4.4 21.3 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.5 62,040,000

United States 4.1 78.3 0.9 16.4 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.6 1.8 310,380,000

Uruguay 5.7 57.9 < 0.1 40.7 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 3,370,000

U.S. Virgin Islands 1.1 94.8 0.1 3.7 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.6 0.3 110,000

Uzbekistan 0.7 2.3 96.7 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 27,440,000

Vanuatu 1.5 93.3 < 0.1 1.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 4.1 1.4 < 0.1 240,000

Vatican City 0.0 >99.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 10,000

Venezuela 2.2 89.3 0.3 10.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 28,980,000

Vietnam 7.7 8.2 0.2 29.6 < 0.1 16.4 45.3 0.4 < 0.1 87,850,000

Wallis and Futuna 0.6 97.4 < 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 1.2 0.8 < 0.1 10,000

Western Sahara 0.1 0.2 99.4 0.4 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 530,000

Yemen 0.2 0.2 99.1 0.1 0.6 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 24,050,000

Zambia 0.5 97.6 0.5 0.5 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 0.9 < 0.1 13,090,000

Zimbabwe 2.7 87.0 0.9 7.9 < 0.1 < 0.1 3.8 0.3 < 0.1 12,570,000

Asia-Pacific 9.2 7.1 24.3 21.2 25.3 11.9 9.0 1.3 < 0.1 4,054,990,000

Europe 4.6 75.2 5.9 18.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 742,550,000

Latin America-Caribbean 2.1 90.0 0.1 7.7 0.1 < 0.1 1.7 0.2 < 0.1 590,080,000

Middle East-North Africa 1.5 3.7 93.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.3 < 0.1 1.6 341,020,000

North America 4.2 77.4 1.0 17.1 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.6 1.8 344,530,000

Sub-Saharan Africa 5.8 62.9 30.2 3.2 0.2 < 0.1 3.3 0.2 < 0.1 822,720,000

World 9.0 31.5 23.2 16.3 15.0 7.1 5.9 0.8 0.2 6,895,890,000

22 PEW RESEARCH CENTER