Numerical Distance Protection Relay Terminal-CSC 101

EHV Transmission Line Protection Equipment

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CSC-101 Numerical EHV Transmission Line Protection Equipment

Fig.1 CSC-101 Numerical EHV Transmission Line Protection Equipment A

Application

The CSC-101 is numerical non-switched reliable high speed protection equipment

which can be used for 220kV and higher voltage transmission lines. The CSC-101 includes

all necessary protection functions for transmission lines. It consists of primary protection

namely pilot protection using distance relay, 4 zones distance protection, 4 stages zero

sequence current protection, inverse time zero sequence current , overcurrent protection,

overvoltage protection, under voltage protection, Automatic reclosure and Circuit breaker

failure protection etc, along with the entire suite of current, voltage protection functions in

economical package.

The integrated functions supply the user a high flexibility so that adjustments can easily

be made to select protection functions Typical functions and arrangement for CSC-101

series are shown in table 1.

Table 1 Typical Functions and Arrangement for CSC-101 Series Equipment

Type Functions and arrangement

CSC-101A CSC-101B

Distance pilot selectable selectable

4 zones phasephase and phase-earth distance selectable selectable

4 stages zero current selectable selectable

Inverse time zero current selectable selectable

Under voltage protection selectable selectable

EHV Line Protection Equipment

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Over voltage protection selectable selectable

Over current protection selectable selectable

Break failure protection selectable selectable

Automatic reclosure selectable

Features

• Take full advantages of current fault component phase selection, lower voltage phase

selection, negative- and zero-sequence current phase selection, to achieve selective trip

whenever fault occurs at power swing system, weak source system or complex fault

circumstance.

• Schemes of power swing blocking detection: Comparing zero- and

negative-sequence current and taking ∆R/∆T as criterion to detect all kinds of faults

selectively during power swing. According to various systems operating conditions or

different frequency of power swing, adjusting their operation thresholds adaptively to

ensure the primary protection works normally.

• Incorporates the latest high-powered fourth generation hardware system with 32 bit

DSP-MCU combined chip technology, which gives computational intensity and system

control efficiency in a single chip.

• All setting parameters can be input via either the integrated operator and display panel

or a personal computer. The parameters are written into non-volatile memory so that

the setting values remain secure even during interruption of the DC power supply.

• All-important hardware and software components are continuously monitored;

irregularities in hardware and program sequence are detected and alarmed. This

improves the security and availability of the protection system significantly.

• Current, voltage etc can be monitored conveniently through large LCD (Liquid crystal

display).

• The equipment is equipped with 1 serial interface in the front. The serial interface is

suitable for connecting a PC. The PC based software CSPC can be used for convenient

and transparent setting, recording disturbance and evaluation as well as commissioning.

• 2 RS485 and 2 Ethernet interfaces (or 2 electric or fiber Ethernet interfaces, selectable)

are equipped on the rear board. It is convenient to connect to a substation automation

system or to a protection data master unit. These ports support IEC 61850 & IEC

60870-5-103 communication protocols.

• 6 shortcut keys on the front panel, 4 keys for printing all kinds of messages, 2 keys for

switching the setting storage zone.

• The equipment supplies detailed data for the analysis of disturbances as well as for

checking of states during operation. Disturbance event and operation indications

memories are safeguarded against DC power supply failure.

• Outputs, display of indication. Indication (alarm) relays & LEDs meets user


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requirements. The storable LED displays are secured against DC power supply failure.

Functions

The following protection functions are integrated:

4 zones phasephase and phase-earth distance protection

4th zone can be selected for reverse reach

Communication schemes-PUR, POR & Blocking overreach

VT fail/Fuse fail supervision

Residual & Mutual compensation

4 stages zero current

Inverse time zero current

2 stages over voltage protection

2 stages under voltage protection

2 stages directional over current protection

Breaker failure protection

Automatic single/three phase reclosure

Stub protection

Weak end infeed function & current reversal gaurd

Broken conductor detection

Mechanical structure

The enclosure for equipment is 19 inches width and 4U height according to IEC

60297-3.

The equipment is flush mounted with panel cutout.

For cabinet mounting the equipment has rear connection terminals.

The front panel door of the equipment is hinged at the bottom to open vertically downwards.

LCD, LEDs and keys are mounted on the panel. There is a serial interface on the panel.

Draw-out modules for serviceability are fixed by lock component.

The modules can be combined through the bus on the rear board. Both the equipment

and the other system can be combined through the rear interfaces.

Fig 6 shows the Flush-mounted enclosure of CSC-101 with panel cutout.


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Distance protection communication schemes

Distance protection with communication is the primary protection for EHV line. It is

applicable to three kinds of channel pattern: blocking mode, permissive under reach mode

and permissive over reach mode.

blocking mode

A

Relay A Relay B

B

C

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 4 send blocking signal

1 Operation of Zone 4 (Reverse) sends blocking signal to remote end

2 Instantaneous trip if

a) Zone 1 Operation

b) Zone 2 + No blocking Signal from Remote end WITHIN the Permissive Trip

Time

permissive under reach mode(PUR)

A

Relay A Relay B

B

C

Zone 1 send signal

Zone 2

Zone 1 send signal


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1 Operation of Zone 1 sends signal to remote end


a) Zone 1 Operation

b) Zone 2 + Signal from Remote end

permissive over reach mode(POR)

A

Relay A Relay B

B

C

Zone 1

Zone 2 send signal

Zone 2 send signal

1 Operation of Zone 2 sends signal to remote end


c) Zone 1 Operation

d) Zone 2 + Signal from Remote end

Distance protection (ANSI21)

Both phase to phase distance protection and phase to earth distance protection are

provided in CSC-101. This fast short-circuit protection protects the transmission line and is a

backup protection for the power system. This protection has four settable zones; in addition,

every zone can be switched over via binary settings.

In order to avoiding the maloperation of the distance protection, it is blocked when VT

supply is lost or under fuse failure conditions. The distance characteristic is polygonal (see

fig.2).

Distance element

Distance protection consists of measuring unit and directional unit.

• Operating characteristics of distance element:

As shown in fig. 2.1, the characteristic is polygonal. RDZ is set R1, R2, R3 (For Zone 1, 2


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& 3) & similarly XDZ is set X1, X2 & X3.

The polygon is shaped to meet the requirement of (a) Resistive tolerance to high path

fault resistance for short time (b) Improve the ability of avoiding load impedence for long

lines (c) To enhance the ability to prevent the relay from over-reaching at forward faults.

For faults after reclose or manual close, based on the characteristic shown in fig. 2.2, Z3

impedance operating characteristic is added with a small rectangle to ensure that faults near

the bus are cleared fast.

• Directional Unit of Distance element:

Special directional elements are set to resolve dead zone for distance protection when

fault occurs near the bus. For symmetric fault, the memory voltage that is the pre-fault

voltage is used to compare phasor with post-fault current to detect direction. For

asymmetric fault near the bus, negative-sequence directional element is taken as directional

element of distance relay. The operating conditions for distance relay are as below: The

forward directional element operates, and measuring impedance lies within the setting

polygon area.

Fig.2-1 Fig.2-2

Fig.2 Operating characteristics of polygonal distance protection

Power swing blocking

In 150ms after the sudden-change current startup element operates, or when power

swing startup element or zero-current startup element operates, the executing program will

directly go into the logic part of power swing blocking.

For asymmetric faults detection element, Zero- and negative-sequence current can

distinguish fault from swing. The criterion is described as below.

|I0|>m1|I1| or I 2>m2|I 1|

where m1 & m2 ensures that during power swing, the maloperation of the distance

protection is not caused when external fault occurs under the most disadvantageous

condition of power system but asymmetric fault detection element can operate when

internal asymmetric fault occurs.


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For three-phase fault detection element, the method distinguishing fault from power

swing:

Within time τ , if )180min τ£¬£¬£¨ ZMAXTRKR °∆⋅<∆ is satisfied, it is determined that

fault occurs in power system.

Within time τ , if )180min τ£¬£¬£¨ ZMAXTRKR °∆⋅≥∆ is satisfied, it is determined that

swing occurs in power system.

TZMAX is the biggest swing period & K is the PS coefficient.

Zero-current protection

This protection function is a backup protection for the transmission line and the power

system. The protection comprises 4 stages 3I0>. The zero-current protection Function can

be applied via binary settings.

Zero-sequence current direction

Zero-sequence current direction is composed of forward and reverse directional

elements whose operation areas are shown in Fig.3.

Area of forward directional element is 18°≤arg3.I 0/3

.U 0≤180°

Area of reverse directional element is -162°≤arg3.I 0/3

.U 0≤0°

18

81 81

3U0

lm

forward

reverse

Fig.3 Operation area of zero-sequence current directional element

Negative -sequence current direction

With Power swing blocking of distance protection set, negative-sequence directional


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element is taken as condition of enabling impedance directional element for asymmetric

faults. Operation area is shown in Fig.4.

Area of forward directional element is 18°≤arg 3.I 2/3

.U 2≤180°,

Area of reverse directional element is -162°≤arg3.I 2/3

.U 2≤0°.

Special setting is not set for negative-sequence directional element of distance

protection that takes 3I0 of zero-sequence directional distance protection as threshold

setting.

18

81 81

3U2

lm

Forward

Reverse

Fig.4 Operation area of negative-sequence directional element

Inverse time zero current protection

The directional element of inverse time zero current protection can be on or off via

binary settings. Its characteristic is written as below

3I0 - fault current.

T_factor - time coefficient of inverse time zero current.

N - exponent setting of inverse time zero current.

3I0_INV - current setting of inverse time zero current.

T_INV - delay time setting of inverse time zero current which can meet the requirement

that inverse time zero current co-operates with different protection.

Inverse curves can be obtained according to the following setting

T_factor =0.02 and N =0.14 Standard inverse (IEC Standard)

T_factor =1 and N =13.5 Very inverse

T_INV1)

_0303(

_ +−

=N

INVII

factorTT


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T_factor =2 and N =80 Extremity inverse.

Direction overcurrent protection (ANSI50 51 67)

This protection function is a backup protection for the transmission line and the power

system. The protection comprises 2 stages I>. The overcurrent protection Function can be

applied to via binary settings.

Overvoltage protection Uph-e>

The protection comprises 2 stages Uph-e >. The overvoltage protection Function can be

applied to via binary settings.

Undervoltage protection Uph-e<

The protection comprises 2 stages Uph-e <. The undervoltage protection Function can

be applied to via binary settings.

Breaker failure protection (ANSI 50BF)

In the event of a fault on the transmission line, the transmission line cannot remain on

line if the circuit –breaker is defective and could suffer substantial damage.

Breaker failure protection evaluates current component. Current component includes a

ICBF current setting I>. It can be started by internal protective tripping or external via binary

input.

Autoreclose

CSC-101B protection system is provided with autoreclose whose performance is only to

close the circuit breaker but not to select faulted phase and trip.

Four types of autoreclose mode are provided:

Single-phase autocloseThe faulted phase is tripped and then reclosed when

single-phase fault occurs, in the case of a multi-phase fault, three phases are tripped, but

reclosure is not performed.

Three-phase autocloseThree phases are tripped, and then reclosed regardless of

the fault types, whether single-phase fault or multi-phase fault.

Single- and three-phase autoclose Single-phase tripping and reclosure are

performed if a single-phase fault occurs, while three-phase tripping and reclosure are

performed if a multi-phase fault occurs.

Inoperative modeAutoreclose function is out of service, three phases are tripped

regardless of the fault types, but reclosure is disabled. This mode must be set when

autoreclose is not used for a long time.


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A transfer switch connected to the rear terminals of the device can be used to realize switching

among four types of autoreclose mode.

VT fail/Fuse fail condition

1) Summation of three phase voltages is not zero and >++ CUBUAU... 7V. It

considered as failure of one phase or two phase;

2) Voltages of all three phase are smaller than 8V and current of any phase >0.04In or breaker closes (test TWJ). It is considered as loss of three phase.

When any one of the above are met, distance relay will be blocked & alarm will be intiated.

Fault and event recorder

In a protection unit, depending on the parameterization, the instantaneous values are

used. The maximum period of a disturbance recording depends on the memory and

sampling frequency. Within the buffer several disturbance records (up to 8) can be stored

consecutively. The number is dependent on the parameterization and nature of the fault

event data record.

A pre- and post trigger time and the triggering event (disturbance recording start with

activation or trip) are fixed.

The disturbance record data can be transferred to the substation automation system or

to a PC.

On-load measurement

The on-load measured values generated in the unit such as current, voltage, phase

angle, etc. can be displayed at the LCD or by means of a PC.


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Technical data

Input circuits Rated current IN Rated voltage UN

Rated frequency fN Thermal overload capability

In voltage circuit, continuousIn current circuit, continuous

≤ 4s ≤ 10s 1s Power consumption

In voltage circuit at UN=110V In current circuit at IN = 1A

at IN = 5A

1 or 5A 63.5V or 110V AC 50Hz 1.2×UN AC 2×IN

40×IN 10×IN 70×IN less than 0.5VA less than 1VA less than 0.5VA

DC voltage supply Rated auxiliary voltage Uaux

Permissible tolerance at rated auxiliary voltage Power consumption

at energized state at quiescent state

220V DC; 110V DC -30% to +14% max. 50W max. 30W

Pick-up tolerances Under rated Conditions

Current values Voltage values distance values Time values

Less than 3% of set value Less than 3% of set value Less than 3% of set value Less than 20ms

Binary inputs Binary inputs for 24VDC voltage Current consumption for each input Binary inputs for 220V(110V)DC voltage Current consumption for each input

7, can be expanded 12; 2mA5mA 10, can be expanded 12; 1mA3mA

Contacts

Potential-free trip/command contacts Switching capacity make Break Permissible current ,Continuous 0.5s Switching voltage Indication contacts Switching capacity make/break Permissible current Switching voltage

36 contacts , expandable 1250VA(AC), 150W(DC) 5A 30A 250V DC 16 1250VA(AC), 150W(DC) 5A 250V DC

Mechanical structure

Housing / dimensions Weight approx. Type of terminal Protection class

19 inches, 4U 8kg Harting module terminal & circuit terminal in special design IP20

Displays LED displays unit front 8 Standards IEC 60255 series & China

standards (GB,DL)

Insulation tests Dielectric voltage test Impulse voltage test

IEC 60255-5,2kV IEC 60255-5,5kV

Immunity tests High frequency test

IEC60255-22-1,add.100kHz according to CHINA standard,


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Electrostatic discharges electromagnetic field Fast transient disturbances Power frequency magnetic field Disturbance induced by radio frequency field, Conducted disturbance of RF, amplitude modulated

class III IEC 60255-22-2,class IV IEC 60255-22-3,10V/m IEC 60255-22-4, class IV (8kV)IEC 61000-4-8,class III IEC 60255-22-6,10V/m

Emission tests Class according with IEC IEC 60255-25 Climatic conditions Permissible ambient temperature

during service during storage during transport Humidity class

-10ºC~+55ºC -10ºC+40ºC -25ºC~+70ºC <75%

Mechanical stress Permissible mechanical stress during service during transport

IEC 60255-21-1,class I IEC 60255-21-2,class I

communication Front port RS-232; CSPC software for interrogation of the relays, testing etc. from a PC/Laptop

Rear Port RS-485 & 2 Ethernet ports-Communication with the substation automation system. Supports IEC 61850 & IEC 60870-5-103

Distance protection (including phase to

phase distance / phase to earth distance) for Z1, Z2, Z3 & Z4

Setting ranges Resistance(Rz ) Reactance(X)

Time delay T PU & DO Times:

Shortest tripping time At 0.7 times of set value

Drop-off time Tolerance Pickup characteristic Additional Delay Times

0.01~40Ω(5A) 0.05~200Ω(1A) 0.01~60Ω(5A) 0.05~300Ω(1A) 0.1 to 10s less than 15ms less than 20ms approx.40ms Zmin=0.4V/Imeasure ±1% of set value or 10ms

Zero-current protection

Setting ranges Current 3I0>

Time delay T PU & DO Times: At 1.2 times of set value Drop-off time I> Tolerance Current pickup I> Time delays

0.1×IN to 20×IN

0s to 20s less than 40ms approx. 40ms ±3% of set value or ±0.02IN not more than 40ms

Auto-reclosure Setting ranges Angle Φ

Time delay T Times: Pickup time Φ Tolerance Pickup Φ Time delays

10°~50°

0s to 10s < ±3% < 3% not more than 20ms

Direction overcurrent protection

Setting ranges Current I> Time delay T PU & DO Times PU At 1.2 times of set value Drop-off time I> Tolerance Current pickup I>

Time delays

0.1×IN to 20×IN

to 10s less than 40ms approx. 40ms ±3% of set value or ±0.02IN not more than 40ms

Overvoltage protection Setting ranges


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Voltage Upe> Time delay T PU & DO Times Pickup time Upe> Drop-off time Upe> Tolerance Current pickup Upe> Time delays

1 to 120V 0 to 60s approx. 20ms approx. 40ms ±5% of set value or ±0.1V not more than 40ms

Undervoltage protection

Setting ranges Voltage Upe< Time delay T PU & DO Times Pickup time Upe< Drop-off time Upe< Tolerance Current pickup Upe> Time delays

1 to 60V 0 to 60s approx. 20ms approx. 40ms ±5% of set value or ±0.1V not more than 40ms

Breaker failure Protection

Setting ranges Current I> Time delay T PU & DO Times At 1.2 times of set value Drop-off time I> Tolerance Current pickup I> Time delaysDrop-off ratio I>

0.1×IN to 20×IN

0.1 to 5s Less than 40ms approx. 40ms ±3% of set value or ±0.02IN not more than 40ms approx. 0.9

On-load Measurement

Display of values for current for voltage for power supply

IA, IB, IC, 3I0, IN UA, UB, UC, Ux P Q etc DC+,DC-

Fault recording Instantaneous values (approx. every 0.833ms at 50Hz) 2 records of max. 5 secs duration (adjustable pre & post fault duration)

IA,IB,Ic,3I0,IAR,IBR,ICR,3I0R,UA,UB,UC,3U0,Ux


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Selection and ordering data

CSC-101Order No. CSC-101 digital EHV line protection

equipment

ADistance protected objectNo auto-closure functionHave auto-closure function

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Rated current1A5A

1

2

Rated auxiliary voltage110V DC220V DC

KW

Master module type,different hardware087125

0

12

Lonworks interface (slave mode)12

320

Electric internet interface on Master module320

20

Fiber internet interface on Master module20

12

RS485 interface on Master module12

B

Lonworks interface (master mode)0 0

Operating software CSPC

CSPC Version V1.00E for windows,full version for 10 PC’ s and update for 3 years

English XXXXXXX

Documentation

Catalog D******: CSC-101 Digital EHV line protection equipment (V1.00E)Manual:CSC-101 Digital EHV line protection equipment(V1.00E)

XXXXXXXEnglish

XXXXXXX


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Connection diagram

Figure 5 illustrates the recommended standard connection for line. The permissible

cable length and the TA design (permissible load) are mutually dependent. Recalculation is

advisable as for lengths of more than 100m.

Typical connection

UAUBUC

X1 AC

1

23

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

ab

UA

UBUC

UXUX’

UN

IAIA’

IBIB’

ICIC’

ININ ’

*

* * *

**

**

**

a

b

c

b

c

a

Fig 5 Typical connection example for line


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Dimension drawings in mm

Dimension drawings for CSC-101 used 19 inch (4U) enclosure for panel flush-mounting

and cabinet mounting.

Fig 6 flush-mounted enclosure of CSC-101 with panel cutout

Date post:	27-Nov-2014
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Numerical Distance Protection Relay Terminal-CSC 101

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