76
HOTEL FOOD ORDERING SYSTEM USING QR CODE NUR FATIN HANIM BINTI AZMI BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH HONOURS UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN 2020
HOTEL FOOD ORDERING SYSTEM USING QR CODE
NUR FATIN HANIM BINTI AZMI
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
(INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH HONOURS
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN
2020
i
DECLARATION
I’am Nur Fatin Hanim binti Azmi, the matric number BTCL18051681 hereby declare
that, this thesis entitled Hotel Food Ordering System Using QR Code is a record of an
original work done by under the guidance of Dr Nur Farraliza binti Mansor, my
supervisor and lecturer at Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA.
(Nur Fatin Hanim binti Azmi)
Date : ……………………………
ii
CONFIRMATION
This project report entitle Hotel Food Ordering System Using QR Code by Nur Fatin
Hanim binti Azmi , matric number BTCL18051681 has been satisfactory in terms of
scope, quality and presentation as a partial fulfilment of the requirement for Bachelor
of Computer Science (Internet Computing) with Honours in Universiti Sultan Zainal
Abidin (UniSZA).
(Dr. Nur Farraliza binti Mansor )
Date : ………….………………...
iii
DEDICATION
Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah S.W.T. for giving me the opportunity to
complete this thesis for my final year project entitled Hotel Food Ordering System
Using QR Code. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr.
Nur Farraliza binti Mansor for guiding me to complete this thesis, for the kindness and
motivation towards this project.
I would like also to sincerely thank you for all the lecturers that directly or
indirectly involved in my thesis writing and guiding me in studying at UniSZA. Last
but not least, the special thanks to my family for endless support and encouragement
throughout my studies.
iv
ABSTRACT
Hotel Food Ordering System Using QR Code Technology is a real time ordering to
manage the order process for hotel. This system helps guest to order without having to
wait for the waiters to serve them. The current system is using traditional way which
is took order system using paper, cause the order missing and not manage properly to
record the orders of guest. The traditional ordering system brings inconvenience to
both staffs and guest as it requires a lot of manual work. They do not have a proper
ordering system to support and make the ordering process smoothly. Nowadays,
smartphone and tablet have widely used in our daily life. By having this ordering
system using QR Code, the time of placing order has reduced. Our proposed system is
Hotel Food Ordering using QR Code that enables ease for the guest. Actually ordering
is generating the QR code to increase the hotel productivity, whereas the tablet is used
to scan the code and send order to kitchen. By using this system, guest just captures
QR Code on the table in each room's hotel for ordering food. After placing an order, it
will be send through to the kitchen. People can easily scan the QR code by their
smartphone. This new ways of ordering will ultimately save time for the waiter to take
up orders and this system improves the method of taking the order from guest. In
addition, owner hotel can add or manage their food menus and can saw the status
updated from staff has delivery the order's to the guest.
v
ABSTRAK
Sistem Pemesanan Makanan Hotel Menggunakan Teknologi QR Code adalah pesanan
masa nyata untuk menguruskan proses pesanan untuk hotel. Sistem ini membantu
tetamu membuat pesanan tanpa perlu menunggu pelayan untuk melayani mereka.
Sistem semasa menggunakan cara tradisional iaitu sistem pesanan pesanan
menggunakan kertas, menyebabkan pesanan hilang dan tidak dapat menguruskan
pesanan tetamu dengan betul. Sistem pesanan tradisional membawa ketidakselesaan
kepada kakitangan dan tetamu kerana memerlukan banyak kerja manual. Mereka tidak
mempunyai sistem pesanan yang tepat untuk menyokong dan membuat proses
pesanan berjalan dengan lancar. Pada masa kini, telefon pintar dan tablet telah banyak
digunakan dalam kehidupan seharian kita. Dengan menggunakan sistem pesanan ini
menggunakan QR Code, masa membuat pesanan telah berkurang. Sistem yang
dicadangkan kami adalah Hotel Food Ordering menggunakan QR Code yang memberi
kemudahan kepada para tetamu. Sebenarnya membuat pesanan adalah menghasilkan
kod QR untuk meningkatkan produktiviti hotel, sedangkan tablet digunakan untuk
mengimbas kod dan mengirim pesanan ke dapur. Dengan menggunakan sistem ini,
tetamu hanya menangkap QR Code di atas meja di hotel setiap bilik untuk memesan
makanan. Setelah membuat pesanan, pesanan akan dihantar ke dapur. Orang ramai
dapat mengimbas kod QR dengan mudah melalui telefon pintar mereka. Kaedah
pesanan baru ini akhirnya akan menjimatkan masa untuk pelayan mengambil pesanan
dan sistem ini meningkatkan kaedah mengambil pesanan dari tetamu. Di samping itu,
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hotel pemilik dapat menambah atau mengurus menu makanan mereka dan dapat
melihat status yang dikemas kini dari kakitangan yang telah menghantar pesanan
kepada tetamu.
vii
CONTENTS
PAGE
DECLARATION i
CONFIRMATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ABSTRACT iv
ABSTRAK v
CONTENTS vii
LIST OF FIGURES xii
LIST OF TABLES xiii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Project Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement 3
1.3 Objective 5
1.4 Scope 5
1.5 Limitation of Work 6
1.6 Expected Result 6
1.7 Summary 7
viii
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW 8
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Existing Application System 9
2.3 Mobile Application 9
2.4 QR Code 10
2.5 Research from Previous Study 11
2.5.1 Wireless Food Ordering System 11
2.5.2 Point of Sale System 13
2.5.3 Online Ordering System 15
2.6 Research on Different Technique (Articles) 17
2.7 Existing System 19
2.8 Summary 21
ix
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY 22
3.1 Introduction 22
3.2 System Development Methodology 23
3.2.1 Requirement Phase 23
3.2.2 Design Phase 24
3.2.3 Development Phase 24
3.2.4 Testing Phase 24
3.2.5 Deployment Phase 25
3.2.6 Review Phase 25
3.3 Software and Hardware Requirement 26
3.3.1 Software Requirement 26
3.3.2 Hardware Requirement 27
3.4 Framework Diagram 28
3.5 System Design and Modeling 29
3.5.1 Context Diagram (CD) 29
3.5.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0 30
3.5.2.1 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 2.0 31
3.5.2.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 3.0 32
3.5.2.3 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 4.0 33
3.5.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) 34
3.6 Data Dictionary 35
3.7 Summary 40
3.8 Gantt Chart 40
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CHAPTER 4
IMPLEMENTATION 42
4.1 Introduction 42
4.2 Interface Design 43
4.2.1 Admin Interface 43
4.2.2 User (guest) Interface 46
4.3 Testing and Result 51
4.3.1 Introduction 51
4.3.2 Testing Analysis 51
4.3.3 Unit Testing 51
4.3.4 Integration Testing 52
4.3.5 System Testing 52
4.3.6 Test Case 52
4.4 Results 58
4.5 Summary 58
xi
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 59
5.1 Introduction 59
5.2 Project Contribution 59
5.3 System Constraints 60
5.4 Future Project 61
5.5 Summary 61
REFERENCES 62
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES TITLE PAGE
3.1 Agile Methodology 23
3.2 Framework Diagram 28
3.3 Context Diagram 29
3.4 Data Flow Diagram Level 0 30
3.5 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 2.0 31
3.6 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 3.0 32
3.7 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 4.0 33
3.8 Entity Relationship Diagram 34
4.1 Admin Main Screen 43
4.2 Add Food 44
4.3 Order 45
4.4 QR Code 46
4.5 Homepage User 47
4.6 List of Menu 48
4.7 Menu 49
4.8 Cart Order 50
xiii
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE TITLE PAGE
2.1 Research on Different Technique (Articles) 17
2.2 Existing System 19
3.1 Software Requirements 26
3.2 Hardware Requirements 27
3.3 Data Admin 35
3.4 Data Guest 36
3.5 Data Staff 37
3.6 Data Menu 38
3.7 Data Order 39
3.8 Gantt Chart 41
4.1 Test Case for User Login 53
4.2 Test Case Add Food Item 54
4.3 Test Case for User Order Service 55
4.4 Test Case for User Placing Order and Cart 56
4.5 Test Case for User Delete Order 57
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Introduction
Hotel Food Ordering using QR Code is a web-based system will help hotel to
manage and controls their hotel. Web-based ordering system is generating the QR
Code which provides a link. The guest need to scan the code placed at the table in the
hotel’s room, and the guest can choose the menu then automatically the order will be
send to the kitchen. There are various facilities provided so that the users will get
service effectively. This system helps the hotel to do all functionalities more
accurately and faster way. All they have to do is just scroll through the menu and tap
to place an order. The current system is using traditional way which is paper menu and
using paper sheets to record the orders of guest. Processing method of ordering in
hotel increases efficiency, reduces human energy and time based. With a little help of
QR code, it will ease the hotel workers to take food orders rather than use the
traditional system. Hence, one of the advantages of the food ordering system with QR
2
code is guest satisfaction. All the processing method of ordering in hotel increases
efficiency and reduces energy and time based on QR code without the need to the
presence of waiter at the table by eliminating some stages of traditional ordering. All
the menu information will be save in the database and admin can manage the menu
items easily at any time or anywhere.
3
1.2 Problem Statement
As mentioned previously, the existing system still using the traditional way which is
the paper menu and waiters require to record down orders information from guest by
handwriting. All the orders will be written on the paper sheets and will send to
kitchen. The traditional ordering system brings inconvenience to both staffs and guest
as it requires a lot of manual work. The manual work done by the staffs will cause
some human errors such as the probability of paper lost is high and the kitchen’s can
misinterpret the handwriting of order. Sometimes, when the staffs write in hurry will
make the handwriting difficult to understand. All these human errors will cause the
guest dissatisfaction towards the restaurant. Hence, the hotel will always receive
complaint from guest which are not satisfied with the services as they always receive
the wrong order or not receive the order after a very long time. Besides, the paper
sheets easily lost. Futhermore, the manual system is a waste of time and energy, this is
because they need to go to the cafe to make an order write down manually and wait
for the order to be submitted. Guest does not know the time for preparation for the
food. Therefore, this hotel ordering system is designed and developed to help the hotel
to have a better management. By having this ordering system, the time of placing
order has reduced. The guest does not need to wait to be served when they eat in the
hotel. The guest will be more satisfied at this ordering system. One of the problems
that faced by hotel that using traditional ordering system is the difficulties to update
the new menu. Paper menu can't be changed once printed. The management can't
easily update the new menu or the price on the paper menu. If they want to change the
menu, they have to reprint again. This will increase the cost and wastage of paper. In
4
addition to that, paper menu will damage from time to time.
Based on those problems, by implementing an electronic and efficient ordering
service can avoid those problems happen. Hence, I proposed to develop an ordering
system using QR code to solve the problems. By using the proposed system, the hotel
productivity for guest satisfaction can be improved.
5
1.3 Objectives
There are the following objectives must be achieved in this project:
1. To analyze the current system features and problems before developing the
new proposed system.
2. To design a user-friendly system that will surely satisfied the guest service.
3. To develop system using QR Code as a sensor feature to receive guest order.
1.4 Scopes
The scope of this project divided into 4:
Guest - Customer/User
Guest able to check the food that available in hotel.
Guest scanned the QR code on the table to order the menu.
Staff
Staffs serves and send the food to the room ordered by the guests.
Staffs are Staffs can updated status order from guest and able to know whether
the guests are already order the food or not.
Admin - Hotel/Restaurants/Cafe/Stall owners
Admin will add new menu, delete menu and update the food menu
Admin can view the report and status orders that has updated from staff
Admin generate the QR Code
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1.5 Limitation of Work
The system does not include the online payment, but the guest will pay it after
checked out from the hotel.
This system can view through desktop and mobile view.
1.6 Expected Result
The expected result of the Hotel Food Ordering System Using QR Code after
completing the development is can achieve the target which is to help staff’s hotel to
manage food ordering easily and efficiently. Smart ordering is to enable real-time
feedback between the staff’s hotel and guests on the order status. This allowed the
guest to know the preparation time of their order. To make graphical user interfaces
more friendly and easily for guest to make food ordering and easily for the admin to
update and customize the menu content on the guest devices. The staff’s hotel does
not need to inform verbally to guest one by one anymore.
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1.7 Summary
In this chapter 1 focuses on the project introduction of the system, problem
statement, objective, scope and limitation of work in the system. For the system,
background explains the process of QR Code. The problem statement is about why
QR Code important to make order more reliable. For this chapter 1 has the objective
for this holding system that means the income of this project. The project scope focus
on user and this project has a few limitations of works.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This chapter focused on the research that is directly or indirectly to the project.
This topic is important for the development stages or the project. It contains
information that will be implemented in this project. Analysis and observation from
the existing system were made during this stage. Based on experience and observation
on restaurant/cafes I have found out that hotel owners have the problem to manage
their orders from using the manual system. These methods of taking orders are proven
to be time-consuming and redundancy of orders always happens. Besides, guest
complain on the bad service of the staff can give a bad reputation to a hotel. So to
solve this problem, understanding of the existing project is a must to determine the
best way to develop the project. A series guided steps must be taken in order to ensure
the success of the system.
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2.2 Existing application and system
To develop a successful system to order food via mobile phones where needed
to scan QR Code studies are being made based on existing application and system.
The business flow of this application is collected based on information gathered after
installing and reviewing on how the application actually works. A few samples of
applications and systems related to this project were studied through. Studies of
these systems are vital to develop a working, reliable, hassle-free and efficient hotel
food ordering system using QR Code.
2.3 Mobile Application
A mobile application, most commonly referred to as an app, is a type of
application software designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smartphone or
tablet computer. Mobile applications frequently serve to provide users with similar
services to those accessed on PCs. Apps are generally small, individual software units
with limited function. This use of app software was originally popularized by Apple
Inc. and its App Store, which offers thousands of applications for the iPhone, iPad and
iPod Touch. A mobile application also may be known as an app, web app, online app,
iPhone app or smartphone app. The simplest mobile apps take PC-based applications
and port them to a mobile device. As mobile apps become more robust, this technique
is somewhat lacking. A more sophisticated approach involves developing specifically
for the mobile environment, taking advantage of both its limitations and advantages.
For example, apps that use location-based features are inherently built from the
10
ground up with an eye to mobile given that the user does not have the same concept of
location on a PC.
2.4 QR Code
QR Code means Quick Response Code, which was invented by Denso Wave
in 1994, a subsidiary of Toyota Japanese Corporation. It is the trademark for the type
of matrix barcode. QR code is defined by the ISO/IEC 18004 industrial standard.
Normal barcodes had information stored in horizontal dimension only and were
limited in the amount of data they could contain. Denso Wave developed this QR code
as a way of holding information in both horizontal and vertical dimensions; hence a
QR code is able to accumulate 10 times more information than a normal barcode.
Statistically, QR codes are capable of symbolizing same amount of data in
approximately one tenth of the space of a traditional barcode. Information such as
URL, SMS, contact information and plain text and videos can also be embodied into
this two dimensional matrix. (Eulalia Rodríguez Fino*a , Jorge Martín-Gutiérreza, M.
Dolores Meneses Fernándezb, Enrique Armas Davarac, 2013).
11
2.5 Research from previous study
2.5.1 Wireless Food Ordering System
Nowadays, internet is widely used in everywhere. People use internet to
perform their tasks every day, such as chat with family and friends, communicate with
colleagues, search information and many more. Internet is very convenient to the
people as almost everything can be done by internet. The telecommunication and
internet has growth rapidly. There are some industries starting to apply this
technology into their business. This will help their business be more efficient.
The user can access to data and services from a remote server, which will
allow the user to access the databases across the network or internet. Most of the
handheld devices support this wireless technology because they allow the user to
access the database to retrieve the data. People nowadays use mobile devices to work
and access with data and information. It is because the mobile devices are cheap and
small. PDA which is Personal Digital Assistant is the mobile device that suitable for
business applications. They have the ability to access data and information from
remote locations (Khairunnisa, K et al, 2009).
In this ordering system, the waiters take the orders from the customers by
using the PDA. Then, the waiters will send the order to the kitchen via web-based
wireless application. The order of the customers will be displayed on a computer
screen in the kitchen. The kitchen staff will refresh the list when the food is ready to
12
be served. The waiters will be informed through the PDA. Then, they will serve the
food to the respective table. This system will increase the efficiency of the services as
the waiters do not need to take an order using paper anymore.
The strength of this system is the time in taking order has reduced. The waiter
does no need to walk to the customers and take the order from them. They also no
need to walk back to the kitchen to inform the chef what food has ordered. The
customers can just make their order through the PDA and the order will display in the
kitchen. Especially during the peak hours such as lunch time and dinner time, the
customers do not need wait for a long time to be served.
The weakness of this system is it does not support real-time feedback. The
customers are not allowed to provide their feedback after they finish their meal. It is
because PDA can only use to make their order. PDA does not provide any order status
feedback to let the customers to fill in.
This system and the proposed system have the similarity which is the time in
taking order is reduced. Both of this system do not need the customers wait to be
served. They can place order themselves using the system. The proposed system also
does not support the real-time feedback. If the customers want to give feedback, they
need to speak directly to the staff.
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2.5.2 Point of Sale System
Point of sale system which is also known as POS system, is a combination of
hardware and software that allows the staff to perform some tasks. There are a lot of
businesses using this system to operate their daily transactions including restaurants,
hospitals and hotels.
POS system includes few hardware such as display pole, printer, handheld
device, terminal and cash register. Display pole is used to show the price of the item
when the item is scanned. Printer is used to print the receipt after the customers make
their payment. Handheld device is used to accept the credit card payments from the
customers. Terminal is the main screen that used to fill in the transaction details. Cash
register is used to keep the cash. When the staff receives the cash from the customers,
they keep the money inside the cash register (“Software Testing Help”, 2018).
When the customers go into the restaurant, they either make their order first at
the counter or wait to be served by the waiter. If the restaurant requires the customers
to order first, they need to queue up at the counter and make their order. Then, they
only find their seats in the restaurant. The another way is the customers find their seat
when they reach the restaurant. The waiter will serve the customers and help them to
make the order.
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A restaurant might have more than one POS terminals. All terminals of the
restaurant are connected to a file server. The configurations and settings are done on
the server, then send back to the terminals. If the restaurant accepts credit card for the
payment, third party provider is involved to perform the credit card processing. The
data will send to the bank or third party when the staff performs credit card
transaction.
The strength of this system is it can reduce the time of taking order. This also
can improve the satisfaction of the customers. By using this system, the duration of
taking order is fast. It also can reduce the mistakes that will be done by the staff. It
allows the staff to track the sales of the restaurant. The staff is allowed to generate
daily and monthly sales report through this system. The staff also can view the history
of all orders.
Limitation of this system is the customers are tired of waiting on the queue.
During the peak hours such as lunch time and dinner time, there are a lot of customers
in in the restaurant. The customers need to wait for a long time to wait for their turn.
Some of the customers might lose their patience and walk out from the restaurant.
The difference of this POS system and proposed system is POS system
requires the customers to queue up at the counter to make their order. This system also
allowed to be used by the staff only. The customers do not use the system directly, but
they make the order through the staff. However, the proposed system let the customers
to use the system themselves. They place their order themselves through the system.
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2.5.3 Online Ordering System
Internet is very famous and it plays a huge role in people’s life nowadays.
People not only use it for communication, they also use for education purpose, work
purpose and many more. Many company start to sell their items online because people
nowadays like to purchase items online. People also like to purchase items through
internet as it brings a lot of convenience to people.
Restaurant industry also started to make use of internet to attract more
customers. Some of the restaurant started to use online ordering system to let the
customers to make their order. When the customers make the order through the
internet, the data and information will send to the database of the restaurant. The order
of the customers also will be displayed in the screen of the restaurant.
This online ordering system brings convenience to customers. The customers
can choose the restaurant they like through the internet. They can view the menu of
the restaurant and make their order through the website. They have two options to
choose to have their food, which are delivery or pick up. If they choose delivery, the
deliveryman of the restaurant will send the food to the customer’s house. On the other
hand, if the customer chooses pick up, the customers can go to the restaurant to take
their food. Payment of the food can be either cash, credit card or PayPal.
16
The strength of this system is it is flexibility. The customers can order the food
anytime and wherever they are. The customers just need to access to the internet using
mobile device or laptop to make their order. They do not need to waste their time to
walk in to the restaurant to make their order. They also do not need to queue up in the
restaurant. This has saves the customer’s time.
The limitation of this system is not all the people use internet. Some of the
senior citizen does not know how to use internet. Therefore, they are unable to access
to the internet to make their order. This system is unable to target all types of
customers. Moreover, this system relies on internet. If there is no internet connection
or the service provider is under maintenance, the customers are unable to access to the
website. This will bring inconvenience to the customers.
The similarity of this system and proposed system is both of this systems using
internet to let the customers place order. The difference of both of this system is
online ordering system is used to make an order when you are lazy to eat in the
restaurant. However, proposed system is used when the customers make their order
themselves when they go into the restaurant.
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2.6 Research on Different Technique (Articles)
Table 2.1: Research on Different Technique (Articles)
Author /
Year
Title Description Advantage
Ann
Janeth
Garcia1,
Danielle
Jaye
Agron1
and
Wansu
Lim2
(2018)
Android
Application in
Food
Ordering
System
This paper focus on develop
“cAPPeteria”, a food
ordering application where
the users can directly order
through, customize the food
quantity, confirm order and
generate a one-dimensional
barcode on device A,
controlled by the user, then
the simulated code is scanned
through device B, which will
scan and decode the
information encrypted to the
image from device A.
Improving the
existing
wireless food
ordering
system limits
the possible
complication
faced on
connecting to
an internet
based server
thus
increasing
mobility and
control to the
user.
Using method android
application, one-dimensional
barcode
18
John
D’Dono
van and
John
Dunnionv
(2014)
A Framework
for Evaluation
of
Information
Filtering
Techniques in
an Adaptive
Recommender
System
This paper focus on two
serious restrictions. Sparsity
restriction (two user have co-
rated many of the items in the
system) and Latency
Restriction (This affects new
or unique items).
Using method Filtering
Techniques: Collaborative
Filtering (CF).
Do not require
items to be
machine
analysable
Require little
knowledge
engineering
overhead.
19
2.7 Existing System
Table 2.2: Existing System
No. Project Name Overview/Description Advantages
1. Sakae Sushi iPad
Ordering System
Sakae Sushi Malaysia is a Japanese
Restaurant who has first launched an
iPad ordering system through an
interactive menu to offer customer a
new level of convenience and
interactivity ordering system.
The iPads are display at every table
on a metal holder.
This is a two-way communication
system which will send each selected
item directly goes to the kitchen to
process after confirmation of
customer then customers are able
to continue choosing other items.
Customers are
able to search
their favorite
dish by typing
the specific
key words and it
will show all the
items based on
the
specific key
words.
Provided a real
time ordering
and billing
system.
2. ChowNow ChowNow is an online ordering
platform built for mobile and
Facebook.
Access valuable
data for every
order's
20
To provide restaurants with an easy
way to offer online ordering to
customers via either their Facebook
page, branded mobile apps for iPhone
and iPad or their existing web site.
receive and get
to know
customers better
than ever.
Accept orders
and set ready
times through
Tablet. Use
Dashboard to
update menu
on the fly.
ChowNow is offering restaurants a
wireless tablet to receive orders and
communicate back to the customer
when it will be ready.
3. Yhofoodie Yhofoodie is using a mobile scan
code order via android and ios
platform.
All billed billing
information is
saved in the
system for easy
inquiry at any
time.
The waiter
receives
customer's order
At present, we are operating a
systematic à la carte cafe.
The system will generate a separate
QR code for each table as a meal
window. Kitchen prints, service
messages, checkout orders, etc. are
all based on the table.
The restaurant also constantly
updates the menu so that customers
have new dishes from time to time.
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2.8 Summary
Basically in this chapter several researched have been done in order to have a
deep understanding of the method that is going to implement in proposed system.
Besides a review of related existing systems also have been done at this chapter. From
the existing system, we can have an idea of how the proposed system can be
developed so that it is functioning well and benefit to all users.
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Methodology is method used in develop a system and defined as a set of
procedures. This chapter will cover on methodology that used based on research that
has been done. Hotel Food Ordering System using QR Code is using Agile
Methodology. This chapter will fully explain to achieve the project's objectives that
have been mention earlier in this research report. Methodology is important part to
make sure the system can be accomplished successfully. This methodology has 6
phases which are Requirement Phase, Design Phase, Development Phase, Testing
Phase, Deployment Phase and Review Phase.
23
3.2 System Development Methodology
Agile Methodology
Figure 3.1: Agile Methodolgy
3.2.1 Requirement Phase
In this phase, the project title had been selected. The project title for the
application was Hotel Food Ordering system using QR. This project started with
brainstorming ideas with supervisor and proposed the title of the project. An abstract
and description of the project module has also been done and attached. Besides, the
Gantt chart also needed as a guideline and references for the project. This phase is to
analyse the existing application and system also the article of the techniques or
method that will be used for this project. In this phase also get all the requirements
that are needed to design and develop the new system. Based on the collection of
information through article, method and technique that is suitable been decided.
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3.2.2 Design Phase
In the design phase, all the data or requirement obtained during planning and
analysis phase transformed into the design. Diagrams to show the flow of the
application will be develop in this chapter such as Context Diagram (CD), Data Flow
Diagram (DFD) Level O and 1, Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). These diagrams
are designed as a guideline to developing the system. Alter that, will be design the
database and system interface.
3.2.3 Development Phase
This phase is where the design will implement into the coding. The system will
develop regarding the user and system requirement. In this project, to develop the
system will be use Laravel, server for the database, php Mysql. This phase is a critical
phase because user part needed to be fulfils and to make sure the objectives
accomplish.
3.2.4 Testing Phase
When all the modules have been done as full system, the system testing has
been carried out. This testing phase will test the system to check the error and ensure
the function run well as a whole system. Any error or bugs will be fixed and repeated
testing the system until all the function can be used.
25
3.2.5 Deployment Phase
This phase is when the systems have successfully done and fulfil all the
objectives. The system can be deployed and finally the system will be published to the
user for use as their need.
3.2.6 Review Phase
This phase also get feedback and review form user for the maintenance. In this
phase will follow-up with user to upgrade the system to another version in the future.
26
3.3 Software and Hardware Requirements
In this system development process, there are two requirement that need to be
fulfilled which are software requirement and hardware requirement. This is important
to ensure the development of the project went well and for future references.
3.3.1 Software Requirements
List of the software needed for the development:
Table 3.1: Software requirements
No. Software Description
1. Notepad++ Used code the program, especially
connection application to database
2. Java, XML, PHP Programming language
3. Microsoft word 2010 Use to do the documentation of application.
4. Google Chrome A browse to run
5. FIK Hosting (PHP) This software used to create system
database application.
Programming language
27
3.3.2 Hardware Requirements
List of the software needed for the development:
Table 3.2: Hardware requirements
No. Hardware Description
1. Laptop Acer
2. Processor Intel Core i3-4030U @ 1,90GHz
3. Memory 4 GB RAM
4. Operating System Windows 10
5. System Type 64-bit operating system
6. Pen Drive Kingstone 8GB
7. Android Mobile Phone Used to scan QR Code
iPhone
28
3.4 Framework Diagram
The figure show 3.2 the framework diagram of the application. This
framework diagram describe about overview of the system work. Framework diagram
gave us a better understanding of how the system will work. Firstly, guest that need to
scan the QR code on the table of the room with their phone. They can view the menu
as soon as they have finished scan.
Secondly, the menu view and they can choose the meal they want and then
click to submit an order. The order they have made will be sent to the kitchen and will
be view the guest order has been received. The kitchen will prepare the guest order.
Lastly, the staff will be served the meal to the guest room.
Figure 3.2: Framework Diagram
29
3.5 System Design and Modeling
3.5.1 Context Diagram
The figure show 3.3 the context diagram (CD) of the application. This CD
describe about overview of the system work. There are three entities involved that are
guest, staff and admin. The guest has to scan the QR Code to make an order. Then, the
order will be sent through to the kitchen.
While the staff site, after finished the order that will be sent to the guest room.
The admin have to manage the menu in the system. Admin can add menu, update
menu and delete menu.
Figure 3.3: Context Diagram
30
3.5.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 0
The figure shows 3.4 the Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of system in more details.
The system carried out of five processes. The core of this system in the fifth process.
The fifth process includes three entities which are guest, staff and admin. The ability
of guest only can make an order that has to scan the QR Code while staff and admin
can update the data beside know the process. The first process is log in for admin and
staff. The second process, admin can manage their menu and generate the QR Code
for user scan QR Code to make an order. The admin can manage their menu such as
add, delete and update the menu. Then, restore it to data menu. Fourth process, the
guest need scan QR Code to make an order. The order detail will be sent through to
the kitchen for a view, while staff can get the order detail to send the order to guest
room. Lastly, the application will generate the report and admin will retrieve all report
from the system.
Figure 3.4: Data Flow Diagram Level 0
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3.5.2.1 DFD Level 1 Process 2.0
Based on figure 3.5, admin can manage menu. The menu detail will be stored in table
menu and it can be appear in the desktop and mobile for user to view. Admin also can
add, update and delete the menu detail.
Figure 3.5: Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 2.0
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3.5.2.2 DFD Level 1 Process 3.0
Based on figure 3.6, admin can manage QR Code. The QR Code detail will be stored
in table QR Code and it can be appear in the application for user to scan. Admin also
can add, and delete the QR Code detail.
Figure 3.6: Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 3.0
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3.5.2.3 DFD Level 1 Process 4.0
Based on figure 3.7, the guest can make an order. The order detail will be stored in
table order. The guest can make an order and it will be send through to the kitchen.
Guest also can add, update and delete the order detail.
Figure 3.7: Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 4.0
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3.5.3 Entity Relationship Diagram
The figure shows 3.8 the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) for this
application. ERD is a data modeling technique that can help define business processes
and can be utilized as the basis a relational database. In this application, the developer
need to create six of entities represented five tables into database. Each entity has their
owned attributes shown in figure. The relationship between entities explains the
process that will carry out by every entity. This entity relationship diagram also
explains the data that needed to run system successfully. The figure also shows the
different role between guest, staff and admin in more detail.
Figure 3.8: Entity Relationship Diagram
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3.6 Data Dictionary
In this section, the basic structure of the tables composing the
database for the project is shown along with information about primary
and foreign keys.
Table 3.3 shows admin have 4 attributes with Admin_ID as the
primary key and Order_ID and Staff_ID are as a foreign key.
Table of 3.3: Table of Data Admin
Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark
Admin
Name Name of Admin VARCHAR 100
Admin_ID ID of Admin VARCHAR 10 PK
Order_ID Identification of
QR Code
VARCHAR 100 FK
Password Password admin
to Login
VARCHAR 50
Staff_ID ID of Staff VARCHAR 10 FK
36
Table 3.4 shows guest have one attributes with Room_ID and
IC_No. are as a primary key.
Table of 3.4: Table of Data Guest
Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark
Guest
Guest_ID
ID of Guest
INT
10
PK
IC_No. IC No. of user INT 12 PK
37
Table 3.5 shows staffs have 5 attributes with Staff_ID as a primary
key while Room_No. and Order_ID as a foreign key.
Table of 3.5: Table of Data Staff
Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark
Staff
Name Name of Staff VARCHAR 100
Staff_ID ID of Staff VARCHAR 10 PK
Room_No. Room of User VARCHAR 10 FK
Password Password staff to
Login
VARCHAR 50
Order_ID ID of Order VARCHAR 10 FK
38
Table 3.6 shows menu have 5 attributes with Menu_ID as the
primary key.
Table of 3.6: Table of Data Menu
Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark
Menu
Menu_ID ID of Menu INT 10 PK
Price Price of Menu VARCHAR 100
Category Category of
Menu
VARCHAR 100
Name Name of Menu VARCHAR 100
Description Description of Food VARCHAR 100
39
Table 3.7 shows order have 7 attributes with Order _ID as a
primary key while Menu_ID, IC_No. and Room_No. are as a foreign key.
Table of 3.7: Table of Data Order
Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark
Order
Order_ID ID of Order INT 10 PK
Price Price of Menu VARCHAR 100
IC_No. IC No. of user INT 12
FK
Menu_ID ID of Menu INT 10 FK
Room_No. Room of User VARCHAR 10 FK
Status Status of Order VARCHAR 50
Date Date of Order
Submitted
DATE 50
40
3.7 Summary
This chapter describes the methodology for development of the system.
Methodology is very important in development. In this project, agile methodology
development method is used as a guide to build the project. Each phase already
explained for better understanding. The requirement of software and hardware that
been used are listed to ensure the development of this project. Besides, the flow of this
project is being shown in framework diagram. This chapter also discuss on the
Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram and Entity Relationship Diagram of the system
which are essential as a guideline for the system development.
3.8 Gantt Chart
Gantt charts are user for planning and scheduling projects. Assess how long a
project should take determine the resources needed, and plan the order to complete
tasks. Table 3.8 shows a Gantt chart for this project.
Table 3.8: Gantt chart
41
NO WEEK/
ACTIVITIES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Topic Discussion and
Determination
2 Project Title
Proposal
3 Proposal
Writing –
Introduction
4 Proposal
Writing –
Literature
Review
5 Proposal
Writing
(Continued)
6 Proposal
Progress Presentation
and Panel’s
Evaluation
7 Methodology
Workshop
8 Proposal
Writing -
Methodology
9 Final Year
Project Format
Writing
Workshop
10 Drafting Report
of Proposal
11 Submit Draft of
Report to
Supervisor
12 Preparation for Final
Presentation
13 Final
Presentation
and Panel’s
Evaluation
14 Final Report
Submission
42
CHAPTER 4
IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Introduction
This project is implemented as a web-based system by using Hypertext Pre-
Processor (PHP) language to develop Hotel food Ordering System using QR Code.
This will help developer design, code, test and debug and execute the main process of
the project.
The main of the project is focused on User and Hotel site. The user functions
scan the QR Code to make an order for their food, view listed menu of menu’s hotel
and place order from the menu provided. While hotel has functions view all orders
from user (guest) and their staff makes updating about the process of order to user.
Implementation is described to develop the system as a specific design that discussed
in the previous chapter, verified to make sure that the system is error-free and fulfill
the user requirements.
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4.2 Interface Design
4.2.1 Admin Interfaces
Figure 4.1 shows the Main Page of Admin interfaces. After successfully login
admin will be redirected to this page. There are seven button and main functionalities
present which are Home, Staff, Food, Order, Report and Logout.
Figure 4.1: Admin Main Screen
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Figure 4.2 shows the page where admin can add menus. Admin can insert the
food name, category, price, image and description. After inserting all the information,
tapping button “Add” will be store all the data to the database.
Figure 4.2: Add Food
45
Figure 4.3 shows the order interface, where admin can look the order from
guest. If guest has submitted their order they will be brought up to this interface and
will send their order to the kitchen. While admin can looks the status order that had
updated from staff to know the food has sent or yet.
Figure 4.3: Order
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4.2.2 User (guest) Interface
Figure 4.4 shows the QR Code. Before the user (guest) wants to make an
order, the guest need to scan the QR Code placed at the table in the hotel’s room then
automatically redirected to the homepage.
Figure 4.4: QR Code
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Figure 4.5 shows the Homepage. After successfully scan the QR Code user
will be redirected to this page. User need to click “Menu Order” button to go the page
list of menus.
Figure 4.5: Homepage User
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Figure 4.6 shows the list of menu for user. User can browse through the menu
to find the food that they want. To ease guest, the menu includes the name of food,
category of food, price of food, description of food and images are shown. The
function of button “view” is user can view the detail of food when the guest makes an
order.
Figure 4.6: List of Menu
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Figure 4.7 shows the detail of menu. This page user just need insert the
quantity of the menu and fulfill the room’s number, then press “add to cart” button,
automatically insert to cart order.
Figure 4.7: Menu
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Figure 4.8 shows the items in the cart order. User can view the menu that
already added and this automatically the order had submitted to the kitchen. User also
can make edit and delete if want to make a new order and, user need to click “view
menu” button to go the page list of menu.
Figure 4.8: Cart Order
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4.3 Testing and Result
4.3.1 Introduction
A test case is a set of condition or variables under which a tester will
determine if a requirement upon a system is partially or fully satisfied. Test case also
can define as a sequence of steps to test the correct behavior of functionality or feature
of a system. There is a list of steps, test, procedures and expected outcomes would be
stated in a test case. The test cases for login, insert new data of user, update the user
profile and display all the data menu information and status order. The test case for the
main system which database for the user (guest, staff) and order service.
4.3.2 Testing Analysis
Testing is needed to test system full function and free error. There are four
types of testing that was carried out in this system which are unit testing, integration
testing, system testing and test case. All four types of tests will be explained in the
next section.
4.3.3 Unit Testing
Unit testing was carried out in the development process as a unit or module
that being coded. It is done to verify the correctness of the module and check either
each individual unit is functioning as expected.
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4.3.4 Integration Testing
After unit testing was done, the next phase is integration testing. Integration
testing is carried out in order to make sure that every unit or modules are interacting
with each other. It is necessary to test every module since if one module fail, it will
affect all modules developed in the system.
4.3.5 System Testing
System testing can be done after unit and integration testing above is
completed. The aim in this phase is to find out the small error that might unnoticed in
the previous testing phases. The system testing phase is very important to evaluate if
the complete system has met its requirements as proposed in this final year project.
4.3.6 Test Case
Test case is a set of condition or variables under which a tester will determine
whether a system under test satisfies requirements or works correctly. The process of
developing test cases can also help find problems in the requirements or design of a
system. The test case for login, analysis and log out will be shown below.
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In this system, user (Admin and Staff) need to login to access the system.
Table 4.1 shows the test case for User Login.
Table 4.1 Test Case for User Login
Test Case for User Login
Steps Test Procedure Expected Result
1. Admin goes to system homepage View system homepage
2. Click the “Login” button to enter
page login
View login page
3. Admin enters the following details
in the login form:
Username: [email protected]
Password: admin
4. Admin click “Login” button Login page loaded. Login is
successful and redirected to menu
page.
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Add menu is the functions that allow user (admin) used to add food to system
menu list. Table 4.2 shows the test case for Add Food Item.
Table 4.2 Test Case Add Food Item
Test Case for Add Food Item
Steps Test Procedure Expected Result
2. Admin click the “Add Food”
button to enter page add food
View add food page
3. Admin insert the following details:
Food Name: Kuey Tiaw Ladna
Food Image
Category: Lunch
Price: RM8
Description: Fresh Prawn
4. Admin click “Add Item to Menu”
button
Add food item page loaded. This
system will process the addition
and saves into database.
55
In this system, order food is the function that allow user which is the guest to
make an order. Table 4.3 shows the test case for User Order Services.
Table 4.3 Test Case for User Order Service
Test Case for User Order Service
Steps Test Procedure Expected Result
1. User scan the QR Code goes to
system homepage
View system homepage and will
appears that “Menu Order” button
2. User click the “Menu Order”
button
Redirected view menu page
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User can place order in this system and store menu in the cart. Table 4.4 shows
the test case for User Placing Order and Cart.
Table 4.4 Test Case for User Placing Order and Cart
Test Case for User Placing Order and Add to Cart
Steps Test Procedure Expected Result
1. Menu page view View 3 buttons from menu page.
There are “View Menu”, “Cart”
and “Logout” button.
View menu page and will appears
all the menu and have a button
view to view details of each food
2. User choose one menu View full detail of the food
including food name, category,
description, price, quantity and
room number.
3. User need to put down quantity
and fulfill room number, then
click “Add to Cart” button
The menu will be add to cart
4. User click button “Add to Cart” View all list ordered items in the
cart
57
In this system, user can delete their order for make a new order. Table 4.5
shows the test case for User Delete Order.
Table 4.5 Test Case for User Delete Order
Test Case for User Delete Order
Steps Test Procedure Expected Result
1. User click “Add to cart” button The page loaded
User will be redirected to view
order items page
2. User view list ordered items in the
cart
List of order will display
3. User click “trash” icon User successfully deleted list order
from system
User can make a new order
58
4.4 Results
The result after releasing of the Hotel Food Ordering System using QR Code is
user should be able to make order by scan the QR Code. The benefit Hotel Food
Ordering System using QR Code also can reduce the time and energy to go to lobby to
make an order. User also can save time to waiting for order. While on hotel site,
admin can add, view, update and delete the menu availability. The hotel also can view
the status order to know the user get quality of services and meals smoothly. The
developer also expected that the system could function well and fulfill the user
requirement standard.
4.5 Summary
Implementation is an interrelated process where each of implementation
modules needed to be tested in order to achieve less errors and meet requirement
specified. In general, most of the budget consume on implementation phase because it
is core process to complete the product and able to deliver all the functionalities
smoothly. Testing is focus on investigation and discovery. During the testing phase,
developers find out whether their code and programming work according to customer
requirements. There are four phases in these systems which are unit testing,
integration testing, system testing and test case.
59
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
5.1 Introduction
This chapter concludes the final year report and outlines the future works for
this system Hotel Food Ordering System using QR Code in solving a real life
problem. It will discuss the constraint of the system and suggestion to improve the
system to be better in the further for future system development.
5.2 Project Contribution
“Hotel Food Ordering System using QR Code” web-based system project is
expected that it can be encouraged the citizens to use the system platform to use
online order in their daily lives. Hotel Food Ordering System using QR Code is
developed to replace traditional ways of taking up orders using pen and pencil that are
proven to be time consuming, messed up orders and make they wait too long for the
60
waiters to serve them. The development of this system is solely to avoid those
problems. This system allow guest to order their food while in the hotel without
having to wait for the waiter to serve them instead they can do it from scan the QR
Code at the room’s hotel.
While for Admin which are the hotel owners can also benefits using this
system. They can manage their menus online, view incoming orders from guest and
also view the added menus. This will ultimately save paper because they does not
have to print out the menu instead they can instantly update their menu online via this
system.
5.3 System Constraints
There are few of problems can be found during the process to achieve the
project objectives. The problems during the development of the system as the
following:
i. The system technology is growing very rapidly. The developer must alert the
new update of system technology.
ii. This system does not have payment method. If the guests want to pay they
have to do it on the counter after check out the hotel.
61
5.4 Future Project
In future, this system can be improved in several ways. Firstly, get notification.
Current system can notify guest about their food had delivered through when they
have need to scan QR Code for a second time to know that their food already sent to
the room. So, it will be easier for user to get the notification at anytime and anywhere.
Futhermore, adding more functionality such as can give some feedback, view order
history, and rating also great added value for the system. Lastly, provide customizable
menus to the system in the system where guests can add some notes on how they want
their food, for example if guests want to add mores spicy on their food they can
simply add notes through the system before order.
5.5 Summary
In a nutshell, Hotel Food Ordering System using QR Code project was
developed to assist a variety of people either user or hotel. With development the
system, it was systematically the management and planning to the user and hotel order
service. So, the user can save their time and energy by directly order their meals while
check in hotels. With QR Code in their hotel’s room user can order food anytime.
Then, the management on hotel site also became easy and systematic in managing the
data. Finally, the developer hopes this system can use for business market and achieve
the user expectation. So, the system can give a better solution or suggestion to them
for improving the system in the future.
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REFERENCES
https://iaiest.com/dl/journals/8%20IAJ%20of%20Innovative%20Research/v2-i12-
dec2015/paper1.pdf/
Seifo et al. (2009). Online Food Ordering System and Method, Google Scholar 1-9.
Retrieved from https://patents .google.com/patent/US20090204492A1/en
Sun Woo, Kin (2015). Self-Ordering System for Restaurant using NFC enabled
Smartphone. Retrieved January, (2018), from https://prezi.com/sxcwgaqfjcsv/self-
ordering-system-for-restaurant-using-nfc-enabled-smartp/
http://www.yhofoodie.com/product/selfhelp.html/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/12526/
https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/02/chownow-launches-as-a-food-ordering-platform-
for-restaurants-on-facebook-and-ios/
https://www.sakaesushi.com.my/?fbclid=IwAR2Aqzqi500M9wQ8cU4xNKfrxGFHW
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