An Asian Journal of Soil Science Volume 10 | Issue 1 | June, 2015 | 59-62 | e ISSN–0976–7231 Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in Nutrient management through organic and inorganic manures in coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) Garden H.J. SENJALIYA, G.S. VALAAND G.S. MANGROLIYA HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE MEMBERS OF RESEARCH FORUM: Received : 14.11.2014; Revised : 17.04.2015; Accepted : 25.04.2015 Summary A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station (fruit crops), Junagadh Agricultural University, Mahuva during the year 2004-2009 to study the nutrient management in coconut garden through organic and inorganic manuers. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. There were 10 treatments. The analysis of five year pooled data revealed that the treatment T 7 (50 % RDF + 50 % N from castor cake) recorded significantly higher nut yield (78.33 nut/palm/year). Nut quality and soil properties were also improved by T 7 . Key words : Coconut, Organic, inorganic, Castor cake, Fertilizer How to cite this article : Senjaliya, H.J., Vala, G.S. and Mangroliya, G.S. (2015). Nutrient management through organic and inorganic manures in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Garden. Asian J. Soil Sci., 10(1) : 59-62. Research Article Corresponding author : H.J. SENJALIYA, Agricultural Research Station (fruit crop), Junagadh Agricultural University, MAHUVA (GUJARAT) INDIA Introduction Coconut ( Cocos nucifera) plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. Apart from the importance of copra and coconut oil which is widely used in the manufacture of soaps, hair oil, cosmetics and other industrial products. Recently, Magat (1993) pointed out that there were strong indications of the need for the integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) in agricultural production. As this measure works on the application of the optimum combination of organic or natural fertilizers and mineral/chemical or inorganic sources on crops, such would very likely result to modern and sustainable agriculture – practical, viable, profitable, environment-friendly, and providing a better quality of life to all. Regular manuring from the first year of planting is essential to achieve higher productivity. For coconut 20–50kg. organic manure should be applied per palm per year with the onset of monsoon, when soil moisture content is high. Different forms of organic manures like compost, farm yard manure, bone meal, fish meal, blood meal, neem cake, groundnut cake, Poultry manure etc. could be made use for this purpose.Indian Council of Agricultural Research (Anonymous, 2004) recommended the soils which are poor in organic matter, the application of green manure or compost at 50 kg per/palm. As such it spent entire life span of 70-80 years or more rooted in one place. Consequently it removes most of the available nutrients in the soil within a few years. Annually, the palm removes large quantities of nutrients from the soil. DOI : 10.15740/HAS/AJSS/10.1/59-62 Co-authors : G.S. VALA AND G.S. MANGROLIYA, Agricultural Research Station (fruit crop), Junagadh Agricultural University, MAHUVA (GUJARAT) INDIA
Transcript
An Asian Journal of Soil ScienceVolume 10 | Issue 1 | June, 2015 | 59-62 | e ISSN–0976–7231 Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in
Nutrient management through organic andinorganic manures in coconut (Cocos nuciferaL.) Garden
H.J. SENJALIYA, G.S. VALAAND G.S. MANGROLIYA
HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE
MEMBERS OF RESEARCH FORUM:
Received : 14.11.2014; Revised : 17.04.2015; Accepted : 25.04.2015
SummaryA field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station (fruit crops), JunagadhAgricultural University, Mahuva during the year 2004-2009 to study the nutrient managementin coconut garden through organic and inorganic manuers. The experiment was laid out inRandomized Block Design with three replications. There were 10 treatments. The analysis offive year pooled data revealed that the treatment T
7 (50 % RDF + 50 % N from castor cake)
recorded significantly higher nut yield (78.33 nut/palm/year). Nut quality and soil propertieswere also improved by T
7.
Key words : Coconut, Organic, inorganic, Castor cake, Fertilizer
How to cite this article : Senjaliya, H.J., Vala, G.S. and Mangroliya, G.S. (2015). Nutrient managementthrough organic and inorganic manures in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Garden. Asian J. Soil Sci., 10(1) :59-62.
Research Article
Corresponding author :H.J. SENJALIYA, AgriculturalResearch Station (fruit crop),Junagadh Agricultural University,MAHUVA (GUJARAT) INDIA
IntroductionCoconut (Cocos nucifera) plays a significant
role in the agrarian economy of India. Apart fromthe importance of copra and coconut oil which iswidely used in the manufacture of soaps, hair oil,cosmetics and other industrial products. Recently,Magat (1993) pointed out that there were strongindications of the need for the integrated soil fertilitymanagement (ISFM) in agricultural production. Asthis measure works on the application of the optimumcombination of organic or natural fertilizers andmineral/chemical or inorganic sources on crops, suchwould very likely result to modern and sustainableagricul ture – pract ical , viable , prof i table ,environment-friendly, and providing a better qualityof life to all. Regular manuring from the first year of
planting is essential to achieve higher productivity.For coconut 20–50kg. organic manure should beapplied per palm per year with the onset of monsoon,when soil moisture content is high. Different formsof organic manures like compost, farm yard manure,bone meal, fish meal, blood meal, neem cake,groundnut cake, Poultry manure etc. could be madeuse for this purpose.Indian Council of AgriculturalResearch (Anonymous, 2004) recommended the soilswhich are poor in organic matter, the application ofgreen manure or compost at 50 kg per/palm. As suchit spent entire life span of 70-80 years or more rootedin one place. Consequently it removes most of theavailable nutrients in the soil within a few years.Annually, the palm removes large quantities ofnutrients from the soil.
DOI : 10.15740/HAS/AJSS/10.1/59-62
Co-authors :G.S. VALA AND G.S. MANGROLIYA,Agricultural Research Station (fruitcrop), Junagadh AgriculturalUniversity, MAHUVA (GUJARAT)INDIA
HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 60 Asian J. Soil Sci., (June, 2015) 10 (1) :
Resource and Research MethodsThe experiment was conducted to study the effect
of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the coconut at theAgriculture Research Station (fruit crops), JunagadhAgricultural University, Mahuva (Gujarat) during 2004-2009. The plant is 40 year old with 7.50 × 7.50 m2spacing.Soil of field was sandy loam type. Orchard managementoperations like weeding, plant protection measures,irrigation etc. were carried out as per normal practices.Trail was laid out in Randomized Block Design with threereplications. Two plants were kept for each treatment.The data on Nut yield/palm/year, Physical parametersof nut like weight of nut, weight of kernel, volume of nut,soil property and nutrients status like soil moisture content,organic carbon, available N, P and K and economicswere recorded annually from 2004 to 2009.
Research Findings and DiscussionThe results obtained from the present investigation
as well as relevant discussion have been summarizedunder the following heads :
Nut yield / palm / year :The analyzed data indicate that the nut yield per
palm per year were found significant for the year 2006,2008 and 2009 as well as for pooled. Treatment T
7 (50
% RDF + 50 % N from castor cake) gave significantlysuperior nut yield for the year 2008 (96.67 nuts / palm /year), 2009 (130 nuts / palm / year) and in pooled (78.33nuts / palm / year). However, Treatment T
10 (Full RDF
– 400-320-1500, N.P.K. g/P/Y) was found at par withT
7 except for the year 2006 and 2009 (Table 1). The
application of animal manures also induced the ‘MAWA’coconut hybrids to flower in 3 yr after field-planting(Maravilla, 1989). The latest results of on-farm fertilizertrials (OFFTs) in Quezon and Camarines Sur showedpositive response of local talls coconut variety to chickendung (Margate et al., 1993).
Physical parameters of nut :Weight of nut (g) :
The perusal of the data revealed that weight of nut(g) was affected significantly in pooled. Significantlymaximum nut weight (896.40 g) was recorded in T
7 (50
% RDF + 50 % N from castor cake) in pooled,respectively. However, T
9, T
10, T
6 and T
8 were found at
par with T7 in the pooled. Balasubramanian et al. (1985)
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shows in coconut nutrition, potash content in the husk isreadily soluble and available to the palms.
Weight of kernel (g) :The data revealed that weight of kernel was
affected significantly in pooled by all the treatments understudy. The analysis of pooled data showed that T
7 gave
maximum kernel weight (105.33 g) and rest of thetreatments was found at par with T
7 except T
5 and T
2
(Table 2). Palms grown in sandy soils, on the other hand,responded to the application of inorganic fertilizer withextra goat dung. The nut production increased by 42 percent while copra production by 45 per cent at the end ofthe 5th yr (Mahindapala, 1989).
Volume of nut (ml) :The data Table 2 indicated that nut volume was
significantly affected only in pooled by differenttreatments. In pooled data, T
7 gave maximum nut volume
(1017.87 ml) which was at par with T2, T
6, T
8, T
5, T
1
and T10
in descending order.
Soil property and nutrients status :Soil moisture content (%) :
The analysis of five year pooled data revealed thateffect of different organic materials on moisture contentof soil were affected by different treatments and foundsignificant at 0-15 cm depth, while it was found non-significant in pooled analysis at 30-45 cm depth. Themaximum moisture content 17.19 per cent was foundsignificant with the T
1 at 0-15 cm depth, respectively
(Table 3). Several methods were stressed byAbeywickrama et al. (1983) to minimize damagingeffects of drought. The important ones associated organicfertilization are mulching, husk/coir burying, bio-farming.
Organic carbon (%) :The results revealed that the soil organic carbon
was significantly affected by different treatments at 0-15 cm depth. But it was found non-significant at 30-45cm depth. Significantly maximum soil available organiccarbon 0.67 per cent was recorded with T
6 at 0-15 cm
depth, respectively (Table 3).
Available N, P and K :The data showed that available N, P
2O
5 and K
2O
were significantly affected by different treatments at 0-15 cm depth but they were remain non–significant at30-45 cm depth. The data showed that the maximumsoil available N (237.80 kg/ha)was recorded with T
7 at
0-15 cm depth, respectively. The maximum soil availablephosphorus (33.52 kg /ha) was recorded with T
3 at 0-15
cm depth. Data revealed that the maximum availablepotassium (1053.87 kg/ ha) was recorded with T
10 at 0-
15 cm depth, respectively (Table 3).Bavappa (1986) noted additional benefits of organic
materials (coir dust, coconut shredding, forest leaves,and cattle manure) plus the recommended dose of NPKimproved the initial growth and reduced the mortality ofcoconut seedlings from 50 per cent to 17 per cent incoastal sandy soil. Venkitaswamy and Khan, 2002Hundred per cent composted coir pith and 50 per centcomposted coir pith + 50 per cent of the recommendeddose of fertilizers treatments have recorded more netincome and benefit cost ratio, respectively.
Literature CitedAbeywickrama, B., Liyanage, D.V. and Wijewardane, P.R.(1983). Measures to minimize drought damage in coconutplantation. Ministry of Coconut Industries, Colombo, SriLanka.
Anonymous (2004). Hand book of Agriculture, (New Delhi),India, 913pp.
Bavappa, K.V.A. (1986). Research at CPCRI, KERALA (INDIA).
Balasubramanian, R., Ramanathan, T. and Vijayaraghavan,H. (1985). Certain aspects of moisture conservation in coconutgardens. Indian Coconut J., 16(2) : 13-15.
Magat, S.S. (1993). Knowing soil fertility management andfertilizers. Quick notes-review. Quezon city, m. Manila, dost,pca, 50pp.
Mahindapala, R. (1989). Coconut Research Institute of SriLanka report. Crb, Srilanka.
Maravilla, J.N. (1989). Highlights 89. Pcarrd-dost. Los baños,Laguna.
Venkitaswamy, R. and Khan, H.H. (2002). Conference paperproceedings of the 15th plantation crops symposiumplacrosym15, Mysore, India, 10-13 December, 2002, 410-413pp.
